The Bourgeois Citizen In Nineteenth Century France

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The Bourgeois Citizen in Nineteenth-Century France

Author : Carol E. Harrison
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191542938
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bourgeois Citizen in Nineteenth-Century France by : Carol E. Harrison

Download or read book The Bourgeois Citizen in Nineteenth-Century France written by Carol E. Harrison and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1999-07-01 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bourgeois Citizen in Nineteenth-Century France analyses the process by which class society developed in post-revolutionary France. Focusing on bourgeois men and on their voluntary associations, Carol E. Harrison addresses the construction of class and gender identities. In their gentlemen's clubs, learned societies, musical groups, gardening clubs, and charitable associations, bourgeois Frenchmen defined a social order in which the atomized individuals of revolutionarly law could find places for themselves in reconstituted social groups and hierarchies. The practices of sociability reflected a bourgeois view of society as harmonious rather than torn by conflict. The potentially universal virtues of bourgeois masculinity provided a basis for a consensus that could protect social order from the destructive competitiveness of French political life and the industrializing economy. The sociable interaction of male citizens was the crucial bridge between the destruction of Frances's old regime and the development of a mature industrial class society.

The Coming of the French Revolution

Author : Georges Lefebvre
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691206937
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis The Coming of the French Revolution by : Georges Lefebvre

Download or read book The Coming of the French Revolution written by Georges Lefebvre and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic book that restored the voices of ordinary people to our understanding of the French Revolution The Coming of the French Revolution remains essential reading for anyone interested in the origins of this great turning point in the formation of the modern world. First published in 1939 on the eve of the Second World War and suppressed by the Vichy government, this classic work explains what happened in France in 1789, the first year of the French Revolution. Georges Lefebvre wrote history “from below”—a Marxist approach—and in this book he places the peasantry at the center of his analysis, emphasizing the class struggles in France and the significant role they played in the coming of the revolution. Eloquently translated by the historian R. R. Palmer and featuring an introduction by Timothy Tackett that provides a concise intellectual biography of Lefebvre and a critical appraisal of the book, this Princeton Classics edition offers perennial insights into democracy, dictatorship, and insurrection.

Becoming Bourgeois

Author : Christopher H. Johnson
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501701282
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Becoming Bourgeois by : Christopher H. Johnson

Download or read book Becoming Bourgeois written by Christopher H. Johnson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-16 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Becoming Bourgeois traces the fortunes of three French families in the municipality of Vannes, in Brittany—Galles, Jollivet, and Le Ridant—who rose to prominence in publishing, law, the military, public administration, and intellectual pursuits over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Revisiting complex issues of bourgeois class formation from the perspective of the interior lives of families, Christopher H. Johnson argues that the most durable and socially advantageous links forging bourgeois ascent were those of kinship. Economic success, though certainly derived from the virtues of hard work and intelligent management, was always underpinned by marriage strategies and the diligent intervention of influential family members.Johnson's examination of hundreds of personal letters opens up a whole world: the vicissitudes of courtship; the centrality of marriage; the depths of conjugal love; the routines of pregnancy and the drama of childbirth; the practices of child rearing and education; the powerful place of siblings; the role of kin in advancing the next generation; tragedy and deaths; the enormous contributions of women in all aspects of becoming bourgeois; and the pleasures of gathering together in intimate soirées, grand balls, country houses, and civic and political organizations. Family love bound it all together, and this is ultimately what this book is about, as four generations of rather ordinary provincial people capture our hearts.

The Myth of the French Bourgeoisie

Author : Sarah Maza
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674040724
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Myth of the French Bourgeoisie by : Sarah Maza

Download or read book The Myth of the French Bourgeoisie written by Sarah Maza and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who, exactly, were the French bourgeoisie? Unlike the Anglo-Americans, who widely embraced middle-class ideals and values, the French--even the most affluent and conservative--have always rejected and maligned bourgeois values and identity. In this new approach to the old question of the bourgeoisie, Sarah Maza focuses on the crucial period before, during, and after the French Revolution, and offers a provocative answer: the French bourgeoisie has never existed. Despite the large numbers of respectable middling town-dwellers, no group identified themselves as bourgeois. Drawing on political and economic theory and history, personal and polemical writings, and works of fiction, Maza argues that the bourgeoisie was never the social norm. In fact, it functioned as a critical counter-norm, an imagined and threatening embodiment of materialism, self-interest, commercialism, and mass culture, which defined all that the French rejected. A challenge to conventional wisdom about modern French history, this book poses broader questions about the role of anti-bourgeois sentiment in French culture, by suggesting parallels between the figures of the bourgeois, the Jew, and the American in the French social imaginary. It is a brilliant and timely foray into our beliefs and fantasies about the social world and our definition of a social class.

Popular Legitimism and the Monarchy in France

Author : Bernard Rulof
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030527581
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Popular Legitimism and the Monarchy in France by : Bernard Rulof

Download or read book Popular Legitimism and the Monarchy in France written by Bernard Rulof and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-10 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores mid-nineteenth-century French legitimism and the implications of popular support for a movement that has traditionally been portrayed as an aristocratic force intent on restoring the Old Regime. This type of monarchism has often been understood as a form of elitist patronage politics or, alternatively, identified with ultramontane Catholicism. Although historians have offered a more nuanced view in the last few decades, their work, nevertheless, has predominantly focused on legitimist leaders rather than their followers and their professed feelings of loyalty to monarchy and monarch. This book’s originality therefore is twofold: firstly as an analysis of popular rather than élite monarchism; and secondly, as a study which portrays this form of royalism as a political movement characteristic of a period which saw the emergence of mass politics, while parties were still non-existent. It not only discusses the social and cultural settings of (popular) monarchism, but also contributes to the history of political parties, citizenship and democracy.

Marianne in the Market

Author : Lisa Tiersten
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520925653
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Marianne in the Market by : Lisa Tiersten

Download or read book Marianne in the Market written by Lisa Tiersten and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2001-09-20 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late nineteenth century, controversy over the social ramifications of the emerging consumer marketplace beset the industrialized nations of the West. In France, various commentators expressed concern that rampant commercialization threatened the republican ideal of civic-mindedness as well as the French reputation for good taste. The female bourgeois consumer was a particularly charged figure because she represented consumption run amok. Critics feared that the marketplace compromised her morality and aesthetic discernment, with dire repercussions for domestic life and public order. Marianne in the Market traces debates about the woman consumer to examine the complex encounter between the market and the republic in nineteenth-century France. It explores how agents of capitalism—advertisers, department store managers, fashion journalists, self-styled taste experts—addressed fears of consumerism through the forging of an aesthetics of the marketplace: a "marketplace modernism." In so doing, they constructed an image of the bourgeois woman as the solution to the problem of unrestrained, individualized, and irrational consumption. Commercial professionals used taste to civilize the market and to produce consumers who would preserve the French aesthetic patrimony. Tasteful consumption legitimized women’s presence in the urban public and reconciled their roles as consumers with their domestic and civic responsibilities. A fascinating case study, Marianne in the Market builds on a wide range of sources such as the feminine press, decorating handbooks, exposition reports, advertising materials, novels, and etiquette books. Lisa Tiersten draws on these materials to make the compelling argument that market professionals used the allure of aesthetically informed consumerism to promote new models of the female consumer and the market in keeping with Republican ideals.

The Business of Transition

Author : Paris Papamichos Chronakis
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1503640930
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis The Business of Transition by : Paris Papamichos Chronakis

Download or read book The Business of Transition written by Paris Papamichos Chronakis and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2024-10-22 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Business of Transition examines how the cosmopolitan bourgeoisie of the Eastern Mediterranean navigated the transition from empire to nation-state in the early twentieth century. In this social and cultural history, Paris Papamichos Chronakis shows how the Jewish and Greek merchants of Salonica (present-day Thessaloniki) skillfully managed the tumultuous shift from Ottoman to Greek rule amidst revolution and war, rising ethnic tensions, and heightened class conflict. Bringing their once powerful voices back into the historical narrative, he traces their entangled trajectories as businessmen, community members, and civic leaders to illustrate how the self-reinvention of a Jewish-led bourgeoisie made a city Greek. Papamichos Chronakis draws on previously untapped local archival material to weave a rich narrative of individual portraits, introducing us to revered philanthropists and committed patriots as well as vilified profiteers and victimized Salonicans. Offering a kaleidoscopic view of a city in transition, this book reveals how the collapse of empire shook all the constitutive elements of Jewish and Greek identities, and how Jews and Greeks reinvented themselves amidst these larger political and economic disruptions.

The Melodramatic Thread

Author : James R. Lehning
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253117011
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (531 download)

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Book Synopsis The Melodramatic Thread by : James R. Lehning

Download or read book The Melodramatic Thread written by James R. Lehning and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2007-07-09 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This ambitious undertaking is concerned with the melodramatic form in theatre and film and its impact on French political culture.” —H-France Review In France, both political culture and theatrical performances have drawn upon melodrama. This “melodramatic thread” helped weave the country’s political life as it moved from monarchy to democracy. By examining the relationship between public ceremonies and theatrical performance, James R. Lehning sheds light on democratization in modern France. He explores the extent to which the dramatic forms were present in the public performance of political power. By concentrating on the Republic and the Revolution and on theatrical performance, Lehning affirms the importance of examining the performative aspects of French political culture for understanding the political differences that have marked France in the years since 1789. “In this thoroughly researched and persuasive book, Lehning provides a fascinating reading of public performances in modern France . . . This is an important contribution to the study of French culture and the democratization process . . . Essential.” —Choice “Lehning’s application of the themes of melodrama to French political culture offers new insights into French history. His style is lively, clear, and highly readable.” —Venita Datta, Wellesley College “The analyses in this book make a real contribution to debates about the ways in which art, particularly popular art, and politics interact; how politics itself is theatrical in the French case; and the role of ritual in politics and the function of politics as ritual and ceremony.” —John Gaffney, Aston University

A History of Modern France

Author : Jeremy D. Popkin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315508192
Total Pages : 848 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (155 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Modern France by : Jeremy D. Popkin

Download or read book A History of Modern France written by Jeremy D. Popkin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organized chronologically, A History of Modern France presents a survey of the dramatic events that have punctuated French history, including the French Revolution, the upheavals of the 19th century, the world wars of the 20th century, and France's current role in the European Union. Written for today's undergraduate students, the text presents scholarly controversies in an unbiased manner and reflects the best of contemporary scholarship in French history.

Voluntary Associations in Tsarist Russia

Author : Joseph Bradley
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674032798
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Voluntary Associations in Tsarist Russia by : Joseph Bradley

Download or read book Voluntary Associations in Tsarist Russia written by Joseph Bradley and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text investigates the role of learned, mostly scientific societies in building civil society in imperial Russia. It challenges the idea that Russia did not have the building blocks of a democratic society.

Organizing for War

Author : Rachel Chrastil
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807138126
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Organizing for War by : Rachel Chrastil

Download or read book Organizing for War written by Rachel Chrastil and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the end of the Franco-Prussian War (1870--71), Germany occupied one-third of French territory, thousands of Alsatians and Lorrainers had flooded into France, and 140,000 French soldiers had died. France's crushing defeat in the most significant European armed conflict between the Napoleonic wars and World War I cast long shadows over military garrisons, meeting halls, and kitchen tables throughout the nation. Until now, no study has adequately addressed the complex, lasting effects of the war on the lives of ordinary French men and women. In this stimulating new book, Rachel Chrastil provides a lively history of French provincial citizens after the Franco-Prussian War as they came to terms with defeat and began to prepare themselves for a seemingly inevitable future conflict. Chrastil provides the first examination of the problems facing provincial France following the war and the negotiations between the state and citizen organizations over the best ways to resolve these issues. She also reinterprets postwar commemorative practices as an aspect of civil society, rather than as an issue of collective memory. By the 1880s, Chrastil shows, the Franco-Prussian War had receded far enough into the past for French citizens to reassess their roles during the war and reorient themselves toward the future. Believing that they had failed in their duties during the Franco-Prussian War, many French men and women argued that citizens could and should take responsibility for the nation's war effort, even before hostilities began. To this end, they joined the Red Cross, gymnastics clubs, and commemorative organizations like the Souvenir Français, especially in areas of the country that had faced occupation and that anticipated future invasion. Using extensive archival and published sources, Chrastil deftly traces the evolution of these private or semiprivate associations and the ways in which those associations affected the relationship of citizens with the French state. Through a novel interpretation of these civilian groups, Chrastil asserts that the associations encouraged French citizens to accept and even to prolong World War I.

"Interior Portraiture and Masculine Identity in France, 1789?914 "

Author : HeatherBelnap Jensen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351562606
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis "Interior Portraiture and Masculine Identity in France, 1789?914 " by : HeatherBelnap Jensen

Download or read book "Interior Portraiture and Masculine Identity in France, 1789?914 " written by HeatherBelnap Jensen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing specifically on portraiture as a genre, this volume challenges scholarly assumptions that regard interior spaces as uniquely feminine. Contributors analyze portraits of men in domestic and studio spaces in France during the long nineteenth century; the preponderance of such portraits alone supports the book's premise that the alignment of men with public life is oversimplified and more myth than reality. The volume offers analysis of works by a mix of artists, from familiar names such as David, Delacroix, Courbet, Manet, Rodin, and Matisse to less well-known image makers including Dominique Doncre, Constance Mayer, Anders Zorn and Lucien-Etienne Melingue. The essays cover a range of media from paintings and prints to photographs and sculpture that allows exploration of the relation between masculinity and interiority across the visual culture of the period. The home and other interior spaces emerge from these studies as rich and complex locations for both masculine self-expression and artistic creativity. Interior Portraiture and Masculine Identity in France, 1789-1914 provides a much-needed rethinking of modern masculinity in this period.

Women Readers in French Painting 1870?890

Author : Kathryn Brown
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351536648
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Women Readers in French Painting 1870?890 by : Kathryn Brown

Download or read book Women Readers in French Painting 1870?890 written by Kathryn Brown and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first monograph to examine the depiction of reading women in French art of the early Third Republic, Women Readers in French Painting 1870-1890 evaluates the pictorial significance of this imagery, its critical reception, and its impact on notions of femininity and social relations. Covering a broad range of paintings, prints, and sculptures, this book shows how the liseuse was subjected to unprecedented levels of pictorial innovation by artists with widely differing aesthetic aims and styles. Depictions of readers are interpreted as contributions to changing notions of public and private life, female agency, and women's participation in cultural and political debates beyond the domestic household. This highly original book explores images of women readers from a range of social classes in both urban and rural settings. Such images are shown to have articulated concerns about the impact of female literacy on labour environments and family life while, in many cases, challenging conventions of gendered reading. Kathryn Brown also presents an alternative way of conceiving of modernity in relation to nineteenth-century art, a methodological departure from much recent art historical literature. Artists discussed range from Manet, Cassatt and Degas, to less familiar figures such as Lavieille, Carri?, Toulmouche and Tissot.

Civil Society, Associations and Urban Places

Author : Boudien de Vries
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351951106
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Civil Society, Associations and Urban Places by : Boudien de Vries

Download or read book Civil Society, Associations and Urban Places written by Boudien de Vries and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the concept of 'civil society' has become central to the historian's understanding of class, cultural and political power in the nineteenth-century town and city. Increasingly clubs and voluntary societies have been regarded as an important step in the formation of formal political parties, particularly for the working and middle classes. The result of this is the assertion that the more associations existing in a particular society, the deeper democracy becomes entrenched. In order to test this hypothesis, this volume brings together essays by an international group of urban historians who examine the construction of civil society from associational activity in the urban place. From their studies, it soon becomes clear that such simple propositions do not adequately reflect the dynamics of nineteenth-century urban society and politics. Urban associations were ideological in purpose and deliberately discriminatory and as such set the boundaries of civil society. Thus competing and segmented associations were not only an indication of pluralism and strength, but also highlighted a fundamental weakness when faced down by the interests of the state. Through a wide array of urban associations in a broad range of settings, comprising Austria and Bratislava, France and Italy, the Netherlands, Austro-Hungary, England, Scotland and the US, this volume reflects on the construction of class, nation and culture in the associations of the nineteenth-century urban place. In so doing it shows that a deep and interlocking civil society does not automatically lead to a rise in democratic activity. Expansion of the networks of urban association could equally result in greater subdivision and to the fragmentation and isolation of certain groups. Partition as much as coherence is our understanding of civil society and associations in the nineteenth-century urban place.

Fellow Men

Author : Bridget Alsdorf
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400845122
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Fellow Men by : Bridget Alsdorf

Download or read book Fellow Men written by Bridget Alsdorf and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-12 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the art of Henri Fantin-Latour (1836-1904) and his colleagues Gustave Courbet, Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Frédéric Bazille, and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Fellow Men argues for the importance of the group as a defining subject of nineteenth-century French painting. Through close readings of some of the most ambitious paintings of the realist and impressionist generation, Bridget Alsdorf offers new insights into how French painters understood the shifting boundaries of their social world, and reveals the fragile masculine bonds that made up the avant-garde. A dedicated realist who veered between extremes of sociability and hermetic isolation, Fantin-Latour painted group dynamics over the course of two decades, from 1864 to 1885. This was a period of dramatic change in French history and art--events like the Paris Commune and the rise and fall of impressionism raised serious doubts about the power of collectivism in art and life. Fantin-Latour's monumental group portraits, and related works by his friends and colleagues from the 1850s through the 1880s, represent varied visions of collective identity and test the limits of association as both a social and an artistic pursuit. By examining the bonds and frictions that animated their social circles, Fantin-Latour and his cohorts developed a new pictorial language for the modern group: one of fragmentation, exclusion, and willful withdrawal into interior space that nonetheless presented individuality as radically relational.

Romantic Catholics

Author : Carol E. Harrison
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801470595
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Romantic Catholics by : Carol E. Harrison

Download or read book Romantic Catholics written by Carol E. Harrison and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-11 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this well-written and imaginatively structured book, Carol E. Harrison brings to life a cohort of nineteenth-century French men and women who argued that a reformed Catholicism could reconcile the divisions in French culture and society that were the legacy of revolution and empire. They include, most prominently, Charles de Montalembert, Pauline Craven, Amélie and Frédéric Ozanam, Léopoldine Hugo, Maurice de Guérin, and Victorine Monniot. The men and women whose stories appear in Romantic Catholics were bound together by filial love, friendship, and in some cases marriage. Harrison draws on their diaries, letters, and published works to construct a portrait of a generation linked by a determination to live their faith in a modern world. Rejecting both the atomizing force of revolutionary liberalism and the increasing intransigence of the church hierarchy, the romantic Catholics advocated a middle way, in which a revitalized Catholic faith and liberty formed the basis for modern society. Harrison traces the history of nineteenth-century France and, in parallel, the life course of these individuals as they grow up, learn independence, and take on the responsibilities and disappointments of adulthood. Although the shared goals of the romantic Catholics were never realized in French politics and culture, Harrison's work offers a significant corrective to the traditional understanding of the opposition between religion and the secular republican tradition in France.

Interpreting Social Violence in French Culture

Author : Cynthia A. Bouton
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807146374
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Interpreting Social Violence in French Culture by : Cynthia A. Bouton

Download or read book Interpreting Social Violence in French Culture written by Cynthia A. Bouton and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In January 1847, a grain convoy passed through Buzançais, an obscure village in a remote region of central France that was suffering from hunger, high prices, and widespread unemployment. Villagers intercepted the shipment, invaded granaries and mills, and forced resale of the grain at a just price set by the people. What started as a classic subsistence movement, however, triggered two days of rioting and class hostility punctuated by uncommon property damage and death. Disorder soon spread throughout the region. The Buzançais riot quickly became an evocative symbol of the rights of the people, and stories about the riot have survived into the twenty-first century. In Interpreting Social Violence in French Culture, Cynthia A. Bouton traces how the production and marketing of the Buzançais riot story served political commentators, publishers, authors, illustrators, and local enthusiasts, enabling them to draw upon key points from the 1847 uprising to negotiate issues relevant to their own times. Bouton argues that over time, especially from the 1970s, the persistent integration of stories of social protest into a widening variety of media has helped shape French political identity as one in which the politics of the street has become as customary as the politics of political assemblies. Bouton examines representations of the riot in newspapers, novels, illustrations, popular and scholarly historical narratives, cartoons, television, local spectacles, and on the Internet. She analyzes power relations embedded in texts and in images; the ways in which texts and images complement, complicate, and contradict each other; and the ways in which history, memory, and fiction intersect. Both in 1847 and subsequently, she shows, efforts to reorder the disorder at Buzançais have exposed aspects of French social and cultural attitudes and practices. She demonstrates that the particular media employed to tell the Buzançais story both constrained and empowered the messages conveyed by textual and visual narratives of it, perhaps as much as the ideological positions of authors, illustrators, or producers. By probing the relationship between medium and story in relation to the Buzançais riot, Interpreting Social Violence in French Culture offers a new interpretation of this defining moment in French history.