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The Biogeochemical Role Of Zooplankton For Nitrogen And Phosphorus Recycling In The Ocean
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Book Synopsis The Biogeochemical Role of Zooplankton for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recycling in the Ocean by : Valentina Valdés
Download or read book The Biogeochemical Role of Zooplankton for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recycling in the Ocean written by Valentina Valdés and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zooplankton are important suppliers of bioreactive compounds for marine bacteria through fecal pellet production, sloppy feeding and excretion of dissolved compounds. However, the interaction between zooplankton metabolism and microbial loop is poorly understand. Based on experimental approach we determine the role of zooplankton in the recycling of N and P in the central/southern Chile and in western tropical south pacific (WTSP). DON was the main excretion product under autumn/winter conditions, and ammonium and DOP in spring/summer in central/southern Chile. in the autumn/winter ammonium was rapidly consumed by microbial community and this consumption coincided with increased archaea and bacteria ammonia-oxidizing amoA transcript copies in copepods fed with the larger-sized fraction, whereas a different microbial community, probably heterotrophic, reacted to the input by copepods fed with the smaller-sized fraction. During spring/summer a shift in the composition of active bacterial community was associated with the response of common-opportunistic seawater surface phyla, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. In the WTSP, copepods contributed elevated levels of ammonium, DON and DOP. Copepod excretion can enhance the remineralization process and reshape the composition of the active bacterial community, characterized by shifts in Alteromonadales and SAR11. We concluded that N and P excreted by copepods can be used directly by microbial community, including nitrifying ones, providing significant remineralized N for sustaining new and regenerated production in the upper ocean of different marine ecosystems.
Book Synopsis The Role of Zooplankton for Carbon Export, Nutrient Recycling and Phytoplankton Bloom Phenology in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model by : Onur Karakuş
Download or read book The Role of Zooplankton for Carbon Export, Nutrient Recycling and Phytoplankton Bloom Phenology in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model written by Onur Karakuş and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine zooplankton, i.e., heterotrophic marine plankton, serve as trophic links between primary producers and higher trophic levels, and as recyclers for nutrients and carbon in the pelagic ecosystem. In addition, they play a major role for the carbon export flux due to fecal pellet production and fragmentation of particles. They are distributed all over the ocean and constitute a large variety of organisms. Because of large uncertainties in the estimation of parameters and the forms of equations, zooplankton are often parameterized in strongly simplified forms in ocean biogeochemical models. Nowadays, however, increasing data availability from experiments and observations makes it possible to implement different zooplankton functional types in models. This thesis presents the implementation of new zooplankton functional types into an ocean biogeochemical model. Subsequently, the sensitivity of net primary production, carbon export and nutrients to the implementation of these new zooplankton functional types was analyzed. In my thesis, I use a global setup of the biogeochemical model Regulated Ocean Ecosystem Model (REcoM) coupled with the Finite Element Sea-Ice Ocean Model (FESOM). I implemented an explicit parametrization of micro-, meso-, and polar macrozooplankton based on process rates and biomass observations from the literature, as well as a representation of fast-sinking detritus. This extended version of REcoM was used to analyze the role of zooplankton for carbon export, nutrient recycling, and phytoplankton bloom phenology. In a second step, a new sinking routine that considers the roles of mineral ballasting and seawater viscosity on the particle sinking speed and the effect of oxygen on remineralization rates was added to the model. This set-up was used to assess the role of each factor (ballast minerals, seawater viscosity, and oxygen concentration) for the export and transfer efficiencies of carbon, i.e. the amount of particulate organic carbon that is exported across the euphotic depth and reaches the deep ocean. The implementation of the new zooplankton groups changes the carbon transfer efficiency and net primary production in the model. Publication I and III highlight the influence of zooplankton on the transfer efficiency of carbon. Publication I shows that the transfer efficiency of carbon reaches up to 50% due to the high biomass of polar macrozooplankton in the Southern Ocean. Similarly, it was illustrated in Publication III that the high mesozooplankton biomass increases the transfer efficiency of carbon to 80% in the Equatorial Pacific. In addition, the model results presented in Publication I and II show the stimulation of net primary production due to the fast recycling of nutrients. After the parametrization of three zooplankton functional types, the new state of the model leads to a 25% increase in annual mean net primary production. In addition to the effects on annual mean bulk fluxes, the more complex representation of zooplankton also affects the timing of phytoplankton blooms and biogeochemical fluxes. Zooplankton fecal pellets constitute an important share of sinking particulate organic carbon depending on the season in the Southern Ocean. In Publication I, it is shown that the typical shift from a dominance of phytodetrital aggregates in spring to zooplankton fecal pellets later in the year is now reasonably reproduced by the model after the implementation of polar macrozooplankton. Zooplankton grazing can play a decisive role in phytoplankton bloom phenology since it is a loss mechanism for phytoplankton. In Publication II, it is shown that the increased loss rates of phytoplankton due to stronger zooplankton grazing lead to the later start of the spring bloom. In addition, nutrient recycling by zooplankton prevents the fast exhaustion of nutrients by phytoplankton and consequently leads to a later end date of the bloom. In the end, the more complex parametrization of zooplankton provides a modeled phytoplankton bloom phenology closer to observations. The results also indicate that the explaining mechanism behind the bloom phenology changes. While the start of the spring bloom is explained better with the 'Critical Depth Hypothesis' in the low grazing scenario, the system aligns with the 'Dilution-Recoupling Hypothesis' in the high grazing loss simulation. Finally, the global spatial distribution of export and transfer efficiencies are analyzed in Publication III. In particular, I examined the impact of ballast minerals, seawater viscosity, and oxygen-dependent remineralization on export and transfer efficiencies. These three processes are often not considered in biogeochemical models. My results show that the global mean of export efficiency across the euphotic zone stays similar ( 13%) when the effects of mineral ballasting, seawater viscosity, and oxygen-dependent remineralization are added to the model. However, the global mean carbon transfer efficiency is more sensitive to these processes and varies between 25% and 32% in different simulations dependent on the representation of these processes. The magnitude of the effect of each process varies spatially. While the effect of ballast minerals can increase the transfer efficiency by a factor of nine in high latitudes and subtropical gyres, including oxygen-dependent remineralization can increase the transfer efficiency by 28% in low latitudes. The influence of seawater viscosity on the transfer efficiency is smaller compared to the other effects, and it increases the transfer efficiency 8% in subtropical gyres. The thesis highlights that the zooplankton compartment in biogeochemical models should not only be treated as a closure term, and zooplankton functional types should be implemented in the global ocean biogeochemical models by using available datasets from the literature. It further underscores that missing out process representations of mechanisms that underlie carbon export has considerable effects on estimated carbon transfer efficiencies in biogeochemical models. Thus, further attention should be paid on the representation of missing processes related to particle formation and sinking.
Book Synopsis Clean Coastal Waters by : National Research Council
Download or read book Clean Coastal Waters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.
Book Synopsis Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of crustacean zooplankton in the Baltic Sea by : J. WALVE
Download or read book Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of crustacean zooplankton in the Baltic Sea written by J. WALVE and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas by : National Research Council
Download or read book Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Close to one-half of all Americans live in coastal counties. The resulting flood of wastewater, stormwater, and pollutants discharged into coastal waters is a major concern. This book offers a well-delineated approach to integrated coastal management beginning with wastewater and stormwater control. The committee presents an overview of current management practices and problems. The core of the volume is a detailed model for integrated coastal management, offering basic principles and methods, a direction for moving from general concerns to day-to-day activities, specific steps from goal setting through monitoring performance, and a base of scientific and technical information. Success stories from the Chesapeake and Santa Monica bays are included. The volume discusses potential barriers to integrated coastal management and how they may be overcome and suggests steps for introducing this concept into current programs and legislation. This practical volume will be important to anyone concerned about management of coastal waters: policymakers, resource and municipal managers, environmental professionals, concerned community groups, and researchers, as well as faculty and students in environmental studies.
Book Synopsis Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea by : Paul G. Falkowski
Download or read book Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea written by Paul G. Falkowski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological processes in the oceans play a crucial role in regulating the fluxes of many important elements such as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, phosphorus, and silicon. As we come to the end of the 20th century, oceanographers have increasingly focussed on how these elements are cycled within the ocean, the interdependencies of these cycles, and the effect of the cycle on the composition of the earth's atmosphere and climate. Many techniques and tools have been developed or adapted over the past decade to help in this effort. These include satellite sensors of upper ocean phytoplankton distributions, flow cytometry, molecular biological probes, sophisticated moored and shipboard instrumentation, and vastly increased numerical modeling capabilities. This volume is the result of the 37th Brookhaven Symposium in Biology, in which a wide spectrum of oceanographers, chemists, biologists, and modelers discussed the progress in understanding the role of primary producers in biogeochemical cycles. The symposium is dedicated to Dr. Richard W. Eppley, an intellectual giant in biological oceanography, who inspired a generation of scientists to delve into problems of understanding biogeochemical cycles in the sea. We gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Electric Power Research Institute, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Special thanks to Claire Lamberti for her help in producing this volume.
Book Synopsis Ocean Biogeochemistry by : Michael J.R. Fasham
Download or read book Ocean Biogeochemistry written by Michael J.R. Fasham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceans account for 50% of the anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere. During the past 15 years an international programme, the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), has been studying the ocean carbon cycle to quantify and model the biological and physical processes whereby CO2 is pumped from the ocean's surface to the depths of the ocean, where it can remain for hundreds of years. This project is one of the largest multi-disciplinary studies of the oceans ever carried out and this book synthesises the results. It covers all aspects of the topic ranging from air-sea exchange with CO2, the role of physical mixing, the uptake of CO2 by marine algae, the fluxes of carbon and nitrogen through the marine food chain to the subsequent export of carbon to the depths of the ocean. Special emphasis is laid on predicting future climatic change.
Book Synopsis Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea by : Paul G. Falkowski
Download or read book Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea written by Paul G. Falkowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological processes in the oceans play a crucial role in regulating the fluxes of many important elements such as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, phosphorus, and silicon. As we come to the end of the 20th century, oceanographers have increasingly focussed on how these elements are cycled within the ocean, the interdependencies of these cycles, and the effect of the cycle on the composition of the earth's atmosphere and climate. Many techniques and tools have been developed or adapted over the past decade to help in this effort. These include satellite sensors of upper ocean phytoplankton distributions, flow cytometry, molecular biological probes, sophisticated moored and shipboard instrumentation, and vastly increased numerical modeling capabilities. This volume is the result of the 37th Brookhaven Symposium in Biology, in which a wide spectrum of oceanographers, chemists, biologists, and modelers discussed the progress in understanding the role of primary producers in biogeochemical cycles. The symposium is dedicated to Dr. Richard W. Eppley, an intellectual giant in biological oceanography, who inspired a generation of scientists to delve into problems of understanding biogeochemical cycles in the sea. We gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Electric Power Research Institute, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Special thanks to Claire Lamberti for her help in producing this volume.
Book Synopsis Aquatic Invasions in the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas by : Henri J. Dumont
Download or read book Aquatic Invasions in the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas written by Henri J. Dumont and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas, the rivers and canals that connect them, and the enormous volume of shipping in the region, represent a conduit for aquatic invasion, whose consequences are only now beginning to be understood. This book provides an up-to-date overview of jelly invasions in the Ponto-Caspian which have affected local ecosystems since the early 1980s, contrasting that with other biological invasions, in search of underlying principles.
Book Synopsis Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate by : A. J. Dolman
Download or read book Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate written by A. J. Dolman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the interaction of greenhouse gasses with the Earth System. It takes the perspective of the Earth as an integrated system and provides examples of both changes in our current climate and those in the geological past. The book gives a required elementary description of the physics of the earth system, the atmosphere and ocean.
Book Synopsis The Biogeochemical Cycle of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Ocean by : Yasuo Miyake
Download or read book The Biogeochemical Cycle of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Ocean written by Yasuo Miyake and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Review of Jellyfish Blooms in the Mediterranean and Black Sea by : Ferdinando Boero
Download or read book Review of Jellyfish Blooms in the Mediterranean and Black Sea written by Ferdinando Boero and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2013 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is clear that a new type of human approach to marine ecosystems is needed to confront phenomena such as jellyfish blooms. This document provides an updated overview of this phenomenon in the Mediterranean and Black Sea and illustrates how the problem is affecting societies. It reviews current knowledge on gelatinous plankton in the affected region, providing a framework for its inclusion into fisheries science and the management of human activities such as tourism and coastal development. Fact sheets on the most important gelatinous plankters of the Mediterranean and Black Seas are included as an appendix.
Book Synopsis Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate by : Han Dolman
Download or read book Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate written by Han Dolman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changing concentrations of greenhouse gasses are key to our changing climate. Biogochemical Cycles and Climate examines the interaction of the main biogeochemical cycles of the earth with the physics of climate from the perspective of the earth as an integrated system. Biogeochemical cycles play a fundamental role in the Earth's system - they describe the movement of matter and transfer of energy around the planet. This text aims to answer some fundamental questions. How have the cycles of key nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and water changed, both in the geological past and more recently through the impact of humans on the Earth System? How do these cycles interact with each other and affect the physical properties of climate? How can we use this knowledge to mitigate some of the impacts of changing biogeochemistry on climate, and the Earth's habitability and resilience? Understanding the complex interactions of biogeochemistry with the Earth's climate is crucial for understanding past and current changes in climate and above all, for the future sustainable management of our planet.
Download or read book Surface Ocean written by Corinne Le Quéré and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 187. The focus of Surface Ocean: Lower Atmosphere Processes is biogeochemical interactions between the surface ocean and the lower atmosphere. This volume is an outgrowth of the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) Summer School. The volume is designed to provide graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers from a wide range of academic backgrounds with a basis for understanding the nature of ocean-atmosphere interactions and the current research issues in this area. The volume highlights include the following: Background material on ocean and atmosphere structure, circulation, and chemistry and on marine ecosystems Integrative chapters on the global carbon cycle and ocean biogeochemistry Issue-oriented chapters on the iron cycle and dimethylsulfide Tool-oriented chapters on biogeochemical modeling and remote sensing A framework of underlying physical/chemical/biological principles, as well as perspectives on current research issues in the field. The readership for this book will include graduate students and/or advanced undergraduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and researchers in the fields of oceanography and atmospheric science. It will also be useful for experienced researchers in specific other disciplines who wish to broaden their perspectives on the complex biogeochemical coupling between ocean and atmosphere and the importance of this coupling to understanding global change.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Marine Biogeochemistry by : Susan M. Libes
Download or read book An Introduction to Marine Biogeochemistry written by Susan M. Libes and published by . This book was released on 1992-01-20 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on the ocean's role in the global biogeochemical cycling of selected elements and the impact of humans on the transport of these elements. Among the topics covered are the chemical composition of seawater from the perspectives of elemental speciation and the impact of solutes on water's physical behavior; biogeochemical phenomena which control accumulation and preservation of marine sediments; marine chemistry of radioactive and stable isotopes; seawater pollution. Contains many examples as well as steady-state models to aid readers in understanding this relatively young, growing and complex science.
Book Synopsis Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental Margins by : Kon-Kee Liu
Download or read book Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental Margins written by Kon-Kee Liu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-11 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a product of the joint JGOFS (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study)/LOICZ (Land–Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone) Continental Margins Task Team which was established to facilitate continental margins research in the two projects. It contains signi cant information on the physical, biogeochemical, and ecosystems of continental margins nationally and regionally and provides a very valuable synthesis of this information and the physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem processes which occur on continental margins. The publication of this book is timely as it provides a very strong foundation for the development of the joint IMBER (Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems Research)/LOICZ Science Plan and Implemen- tion Strategy for biogeochemical and ecosystems research in the continental margins and the impacts of global change on these systems. This initiative will move forward integrated biogeochemical and ecosystems research in the continental margins. We thank all the contributors to this volume and especially Kon-Kee Liu who has dedicated a great deal of time to ensuring a high-quality book is published. IMBER Scienti c Steering Committee Julie Hall LOICZ Scienti c Steering Committee Jozef Pacyna v 1 Preface In general, interfaces between the Earth’s larger material reservoirs (i. e. , the land, atmosphere, ocean, and sediments) are important in the control of the biogeoche- cal dynamics and cycling of the major bio-essential elements, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and silicon (Si), found in organic matter and the inorganic skeletons, shells, and tests of benthic and marine organisms.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Marine Ecosystems by : Alan R. Longhurst
Download or read book Analysis of Marine Ecosystems written by Alan R. Longhurst and published by London ; Toronto : Academic Press. This book was released on 1981 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
