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The Behaviour Of Crude Oil Spilled Under Multi Year Ice
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Author :Canada. Dept. of the Environment. Environmental Protection Service. Environmental Impact Control Directorate Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :96 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The Behaviour of Crude Oil Spilled Under Multi-year Ice by : Canada. Dept. of the Environment. Environmental Protection Service. Environmental Impact Control Directorate
Download or read book The Behaviour of Crude Oil Spilled Under Multi-year Ice written by Canada. Dept. of the Environment. Environmental Protection Service. Environmental Impact Control Directorate and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In June 1978 crude oil was discharged at 3 locations under a multi-year ice cover in Griper Bay, Northwest Territories. This report describes the results of a site investigation that was carried out in September 1979 to determine the fate of the spilled oil.
Book Synopsis Behaviour of Crude Oil Spilled Under Multi-year Ice by :
Download or read book Behaviour of Crude Oil Spilled Under Multi-year Ice written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Investigation of the Behaviour of Crude Oil Spilled Under Multi-year Ice at Griper Bay, N.W.T. by : G. Comfort
Download or read book An Investigation of the Behaviour of Crude Oil Spilled Under Multi-year Ice at Griper Bay, N.W.T. written by G. Comfort and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In June of 1978, a total of 1.8 [cubic-meters] of Norman Wells crude oil was discharged at three separate locations under a multi-year ice cover in Griper Bay, N.W.T. This report descripes the results of a site investigation that was carried out on September 9, 1979 at which time the fate of the spilled oil was determined. The three spill sites were cored and drilled and the quantity of oil remaining in hte ice sheet was estimated. Samples of surfaced oil and oil still within the ice sheet were collected and analyzed to obtain estimates of the amount of weathering of the oil. There was little oil remaining in the ice sheet (i.e. a maximum of 10% of hte volume of the oil originally discharged). Oil on the surface was severley weathered (i.e. an average of >42% evaporation by weight) and was dispersed over a large area--Leaf i.
Book Synopsis Oil in the Sea III by : National Research Council
Download or read book Oil in the Sea III written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.
Book Synopsis Field Research Spills to Investigate the Physical and Chemical Fate of Oil in Pack Ice by : I. A. Buist
Download or read book Field Research Spills to Investigate the Physical and Chemical Fate of Oil in Pack Ice written by I. A. Buist and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes three experimental crude oil spills of one cubic metre each carried out in pack ice offshore of Cape Breton Island. The spills were conducted to study the behaviour and fate of oil spilled in pack ice conditions (pack ice concentrations of 50 to 90 percent). Specifically, the spills were designed to: relate oil spreading behaviour to ice conditions; evaluate the fate of oil spilled in leads and brash ice according to processes of evaporation, emulsification, dispersion, and incorporation into or on top of the ice; and identify possible countermeasures strategies for crude oil spills in ice through observation of the oil behaviour. Results are presented with regard to oil spreading as determined by aerial remote sensing; comparison of observed spreading with those predicted by a model; oil drift; oil/ice interactions; changes occurring during weathering; and experience with in-situ burning of the spill.
Book Synopsis A Field Guide for Arctic Oil Spill Behavior by : Robert H. Schulze
Download or read book A Field Guide for Arctic Oil Spill Behavior written by Robert H. Schulze and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Crude Oil Behavior on Arctic Winter Ice by : T. J. McMinn
Download or read book Crude Oil Behavior on Arctic Winter Ice written by T. J. McMinn and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil spill behavior in an Arctic winter environment is investigated. Several small controlled oil spills were conducted on the Bering Sea in Northwestern Alaska. To duplicate a real world spill as closely as possible, a Prudhoe Bay crude oil was used as the test oil. Investigated were oil spread rate on snow and ice, oil absorbtion into snow and ice surfaces, aging of oil on snow and ice surfaces, and effectiveness of various cleanup procedures. (Author).
Book Synopsis Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment by : National Research Council
Download or read book Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. Arctic waters north of the Bering Strait and west of the Canadian border encompass a vast area that is usually ice covered for much of the year, but is increasingly experiencing longer periods and larger areas of open water due to climate change. Sparsely inhabited with a wide variety of ecosystems found nowhere else, this region is vulnerable to damage from human activities. As oil and gas, shipping, and tourism activities increase, the possibilities of an oil spill also increase. How can we best prepare to respond to such an event in this challenging environment? Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill response and environmental assessment in the Arctic region north of the Bering Strait, with emphasis on the potential impacts in U.S. waters. This report describes the unique ecosystems and environment of the Arctic and makes recommendations to provide an effective response effort in these challenging conditions. According to Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment, a full range of proven oil spill response technologies is needed in order to minimize the impacts on people and sensitive ecosystems. This report identifies key oil spill research priorities, critical data and monitoring needs, mitigation strategies, and important operational and logistical issues. The Arctic acts as an integrating, regulating, and mediating component of the physical, atmospheric and cryospheric systems that govern life on Earth. Not only does the Arctic serve as regulator of many of the Earth's large-scale systems and processes, but it is also an area where choices made have substantial impact on life and choices everywhere on planet Earth. This report's recommendations will assist environmentalists, industry, state and local policymakers, and anyone interested in the future of this special region to preserve and protect it from damaging oil spills.
Book Synopsis A Study of the Behavior of Oil Spills in the Arctic by : John L. Glaeser
Download or read book A Study of the Behavior of Oil Spills in the Arctic written by John L. Glaeser and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Behaviour of Oil Spilled in Ice-covered Rivers by : E. C. Chen
Download or read book Behaviour of Oil Spilled in Ice-covered Rivers written by E. C. Chen and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments were carried out in a cold room at -15 C to investigate the behaviour of Norman Wells crude oil spilled under freshwater ice. The oil, when released in water under ice, separates into droplets and rises to the icewater interface where the oil drops coalesce to form a slick. The spreading of oil under ice is complicated by the coalescence of oil drops at the interface. In calm water, the radius of the oil slick under ice is approximately proportional to 0.25 power of the elapsed time. In turbulent waters, however, the oil drops travel some distance, following the flow direction of water, before reaching the interface. Some of the small drops are suspended and dispersed in the water colummn. The slick formed at the ice-water interface does not adhere to the ice and contains some water-in-oil emulsions. If the oil is spilled under the ice and the ice continues to grow, the oil will be sandwiched between the ice layers. An oil lens trapped between the ice layers acts as an insulator and increases the temperature drop across the ice. The behaviour of accidental oil spills in Canadian rivers was surveyed and analyzed. Observations of these accidental spills show that the oil, when spilled in a river, is quickly dispersed downstream.
Book Synopsis Petroleum Spills in the Marine Environment by : James R. Payne
Download or read book Petroleum Spills in the Marine Environment written by James R. Payne and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers research completed between 1981 and May 1985 and includes: reviews of recent studies, sitings and investigations at spills-of-opportunity as well as results of recent arctic and sub-Arctic oil weathering experiments and observations on the behavior of crude oil in the presence of ice. Topics covered include the following: laboratory studies of formation and stability of water-in-oil emulsions; selected case histories of the more detailed chemistry studies of mousse behavior and long term fate in near-coastal and open ocean oil spills/blowouts; tar ball formation and distribution; and algorithms and computer programs to simulate the formation of water-in-oil emulsion.
Book Synopsis A Study of the Behavior of Oil Spills in the Arctic by : John L. Glaeser
Download or read book A Study of the Behavior of Oil Spills in the Arctic written by John L. Glaeser and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Oil Spill Science and Technology by : Merv Fingas
Download or read book Handbook of Oil Spill Science and Technology written by Merv Fingas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-02 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a scientific basis for the cleanup and for the assessment of oil spills Enables Non-scientific officers to understand the science they use on a daily basis Multi-disciplinary approach covering fields as diverse as biology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, oceanography and toxicology Covers the science of oil spills from risk analysis to cleanup and through the effects on the environment Includes case studies examining and analyzing spills, such as Tasman Spirit oil spill on the Karachi Coast, and provides lessons to prevent these in the future
Book Synopsis Oil in the Arctic by : David P. Hoult
Download or read book Oil in the Arctic written by David P. Hoult and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the results of research on the behavior of oil spilled in the arctic, including studies on evaporation, spreading and maximum extent of oil spilled on ice, and the behavior of oil spilled under ice. Physically sound theories are developed which correlate well with laboratory and field data.
Book Synopsis Selected Water Resources Abstracts by :
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Under Ice Crude Oil Spills on Sympagic Biota of the Arctic by : Kyle B. Dilliplaine
Download or read book The Effect of Under Ice Crude Oil Spills on Sympagic Biota of the Arctic written by Kyle B. Dilliplaine and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic marine environment is facing increasing risks of oil spills due to growing maritime activities such as tourism and resource exploration. Encapsulation and migration of spilled oil through the brine channel system in sea ice poses significant risk to ice-associated biological communities. The first objective of this study was to establish mesocosms that allow the growth of artificial sea ice leading to sea ice physical properties similar to young natural sea ice. In addition, the mesocosms should be capable of growing and maintaining a sea ice community. Six sea water tanks with 360 l capacity each were inoculated with biological cultures collected from landfast sea ice near Utqiaġvik AK in April 2014 (year 1) and March 2015 (year 2). The two experiments lasted 24 and 27 days, and final ice thickness reached a mean value of 33 cm. The light conditions under the ice mimicked natural spring irradiances of 15 umol photons m2 s−1. Different inoculation approaches for ice biota were used. In year 1 we did not observe any algal growth. In year 2, biological characteristics in the ice prior to oil release (chlorophyll a, Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) concentrations and algal and bacterial abundances) were similar to natural concentrations from early spring first year ice. The second objective was to evaluate the impact of Alaska North Slope crude oil on sea ice biota. Two different oil spill scenarios were tested in the mesocosms: discrete oil lenses and dispersed emulsions. Tanks were sampled prior to oil release and 13 or 10 days post-release in year 1 and year 2, respectively. In year 1, bacterial abundances increased after oil release, while establishment of algal populations was unsuccessful. In year 2, algal growth rates and EPS production increased over time in the control tanks, while they did not change in the oil exposed tanks. Differential response of bacteria and algae between year 1 and 2 not only point to the potential of nutrient competition, but also to the need of measuring several biological properties to detect effects of oil exposure in the event of a spill. Future studies can build upon the developed experimental framework including biological responses to low, sub-lethal oil dosing.
Book Synopsis Processes in GeoMedia—Volume V by : Tatiana Chaplina
Download or read book Processes in GeoMedia—Volume V written by Tatiana Chaplina and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book corresponds to the fifth volume of the series focused on Processes in GeoMedia and their research on the dynamic of natural systems, including theoretical and experimental studies of the processes occurring in the earth's bowels, the ocean, and the atmosphere. This volume pays particular attention to geomechanical aspects of the production of hydrocarbons. This fifth volume of Processes in GeoMedia corresponds to the English edition of the journal Processes in GeoMedia, published originally in Russian.
