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Author : Lennard Ayres Fisk (Jr.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The Behavior of Cosmic Rays in the Interplanetary Medium written by Lennard Ayres Fisk (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : I.N. Toptygin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400952570
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Comic Rays in Interplanetary Magnetics Fields written by I.N. Toptygin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast particles of natural or1g1n (cosmic rays) have been used for a long time as an important source of astrophysical and geophysical information. A study of cosmic ray spectra, time variations, abundances, gradients, and anisotropy provides a wealth of data on physical conditions in the regions of cosmic ray generation as well as in the media through which cosmic rays propagate. Astrophysical aspects of cosmic ray physics have been considered in a number of monograpqs. The most detailed seems to be "The Origin of Cosmic Rays" by V. L. Ginzburg and S. 1. Syrovatskij (1964) which is, however, concerned mainly with galactic cosmic rays. The physics of the circumsolar space is discussed in this book only rather briefly. Several other monographs have been devoted mostly to the physics of the interplanetary medium and cosmic rays in interplanetary space. These include the books by Dorman (1963, 1975a, b), Parker (1963), Dorman and Miroshnichenko (1968). The present monograph differs from the above mentioned books in two main aspects: (i) It presents a unified theoretical approach to analys{ng the properties of fast particles in interplanetary space, based upon consideration of cosmic rays as a highly energetic component of the interplane~ary plasma, which makes use of the plasma physics methods to describe the behaviour of cosmic rays.
Author : I.N. Toptygin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (41 download)
Download or read book Cosmic Rays in Interplanetary Magnetic Fields written by I.N. Toptygin and published by Springer. This book was released on 1985-12-31 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast particles of natural or1g1n (cosmic rays) have been used for a long time as an important source of astrophysical and geophysical information. A study of cosmic ray spectra, time variations, abundances, gradients, and anisotropy provides a wealth of data on physical conditions in the regions of cosmic ray generation as well as in the media through which cosmic rays propagate. Astrophysical aspects of cosmic ray physics have been considered in a number of monograpqs. The most detailed seems to be "The Origin of Cosmic Rays" by V. L. Ginzburg and S. 1. Syrovatskij (1964) which is, however, concerned mainly with galactic cosmic rays. The physics of the circumsolar space is discussed in this book only rather briefly. Several other monographs have been devoted mostly to the physics of the interplanetary medium and cosmic rays in interplanetary space. These include the books by Dorman (1963, 1975a, b), Parker (1963), Dorman and Miroshnichenko (1968). The present monograph differs from the above mentioned books in two main aspects: (i) It presents a unified theoretical approach to analys{ng the properties of fast particles in interplanetary space, based upon consideration of cosmic rays as a highly energetic component of the interplane~ary plasma, which makes use of the plasma physics methods to describe the behaviour of cosmic rays.
Author : M.M. Shapiro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401131589
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Cosmic Rays, Supernovae and the Interstellar Medium written by M.M. Shapiro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Galactic cosmic rays have far-reaching effects on the interstellar medium, and they are, in turn, profoundly affected by the particles and fields in space. Supernova remnants and their expanding shock fronts pervade the Galaxy, heating the interstellar medium, and accelerating the cosmic rays. The interplay among the cosmic rays, the interstellar medium in which they propagate, and supernovae has been investigated for decades; yet these studies have generated as many enigmas as they have resolved. These puzzles continue to challenge observers and theorists alike. th This volume is devoted to selected lectures presented in the 7 Course of the International School of Cosmic-Ray Astrophysics in Erice, Italy in July-August, 1990. Alltogether, some 400 participants have attended the biennial sessions of this School since its inception in 1978. As its name implies, the School deals with cosmic-ray phenomena viewed in the broader context of astrophysics. Students and Lecturers are attracted from many astrophysical disciplines. Like earlier courses in this series, the present one was organized under the aegis of the Ettore Majorana Centre as a NATO Advanced Study Institute. Given the diverse scientific backgrounds of the students, it was deemed useful to include lectures at the introductory level. Other lectures and contributed talks were at a more advanced level, featuring new developments. If this collection is useful pedagogically, and if it provides some stimulus and information for the mature research worker, then the editors will feel well rewarded.
Author : L.A. Fisk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401711895
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)
Download or read book Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere written by L.A. Fisk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In every scientific discipline there are milestones - periods of significant accom plishment when it is appropriate to pause and summarize the state of the field. Such is the case for the study of the behavior of cosmic rays in the heliosphere. We are just passing through solar minimum conditions, when the heliosphere has a well-ordered and relatively simple configuration. We have been fortunate to have an array of spacecraft - unprecedented in the history of space exploration and unlikely to be repeated for generations - to provide comprehensive measurements of cosmic rays throughout the heliosphere. Ulysses has completed its historic first exploration of the heliosphere at high heliographic latitudes. Pioneer and Voyager have been exploring the outer heliosphere. The durable IMP-8 and now the WIND spacecraft have provided detailed baseline measurements at Earth. Concurrently, there has been a steady improvement in theoretical understanding of cosmic ray behavior through the use of ever more sophisticated numerical models. This milestone in cosmic ray studies was celebrated with a Workshop on Cos mic Rays in the Heliosphere which was convened by L. A. Fisk, J. R. Jokipii.
Author : Leonty Miroshnichenko
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792369288
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (692 download)
Download or read book Solar Cosmic Rays written by Leonty Miroshnichenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-05-31 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It turned out to be really a rare and happy occasion that we know exact1y when and how a new branch of space physics was born, namely, a physics of solar cosmic rays. It happened on February 28 and March 7, 1942 when the fIrst "cosmic ray bursts" were recorded on the Earth, and the Sun was unambiguously identifIed for the fIrst time as the source of high-velocity 10 particles with energies up to > 10 eV. Just due to such a high energy these relativistic particles have been called "solar cosmic rays" (SCR), in distinction from the "true" cosmic rays of galactic origin. Between 1942 and the beginning ofthe space era in 1957 only extremely high energy solar particle events could be occasionally recorded by cosmic ray ground-Ievel detectors and balloon borne sensors. Since then the detection techniques varied considerably and the study of SCR turned into essential part of solar and solar-terrestrial physics.
Author : N. G. Basov
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Cosmic Rays in the Stratosphere and in Near Space written by N. G. Basov and published by Springer. This book was released on 1978-09 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrew P. Jordan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (756 download)
Download or read book Probing the Small-scale Structure of the Interplanetary Medium with High Time Resolution Galactic Cosmic Ray Observations written by Andrew P. Jordan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are relativistic charged particles that fill interplanetary and interstellar space. The Sun's magnetic field, carried radially outward by the solar wind (collectively called the interplanetary medium or IPM), is the dominant modulator of GCR fluxes near Earth. GCR variations can uncover IPM structure beyond what single-point IPM measurements reveal. While such research in the past has been successful on larger scales, little work has considered how the IPM affects GCRs on small scales (scales on the order of at most an hour in time or gigameters in space). This dissertation represents the first use of GCR observations to explore the nature of small-scale structure in the IPM, an area of active study. To begin, I test the validity of an important traditional model based on low time resolution observations. This model describes how interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), their shocks, and their sheaths create two-step Forbush decreases (Fds) in GCR flux ( Forbush , 1937). I analyze 82 Fds from 1998 to 2006 and discover that the model is too idealized to account for the majority of Fds. Small-scale structure in the sheath of ICMEs appears to be important for creating a variety of time-profiles, instead of only the two steps predicted by the model. Next, I use space-based, high time resolution GCR data to investigate on even smaller scales how ICME sheath structure affects cosmic rays. Because the spacecraft instruments were not designed to detect GCRs, I first show that the space-based data are reliable. In three of the five observed Fds, planar magnetic structures within the ICME sheaths appear to have contributed to the initiation of the decreases. Finally, I explore thirty instances of a newly discovered phenomenon: small-scale local maxima in the GCR flux that occur within ICME sheaths during the initial stages of Fds. I discover that magnetic structure, not turbulence, in ICME sheaths is responsible for the majority of these maxima. This dissertation highlights the important contribution that high time resolution GCR data can make to understanding the nature of small-scale structure in the IPM.
Author : V. L. Ginzburg
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483181316
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book The Origin of Cosmic Rays written by V. L. Ginzburg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Origin of Cosmic Rays examines the astrophysical phenomena that cause cosmic rays. The title details the concerns in the study of tracing the sources of cosmic rays. The text presents the primary cosmic rays on earth, and then proceeds to tackling ling the cosmic magnetic bremsstrahlung radio emission and cosmic rays in the universe. Next, the selection deals with the motion of cosmic rays in the interstellar medium and the origin of cosmic rays. The text also talks about the quantitative galactic theory of the origin of cosmic rays. The book will be of great use to astronomers, astrophysicists, and scientists who studies phenomena that involves celestial bodies.
Author : E. C. Roelof
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Transport of Cosmic Rays in the Interplanetary Medium written by E. C. Roelof and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By quasilinearization of the Liouville equation for a charged particle in an electromagnetic field combined with an ensemble average over field configurations, a transport equation is derived for the ensemble average particle-distribution function. The resulting integro-differential equation is rewritten in terms of a simpler characteristic function which, when found, gives the complete solution in terms of the particle orbits in the ensemble mean fields. With the appropriate approximations, the equation reduces to the Fokker-Planck form applied recently by Jokipii to galactic cosmic-ray modulation, and by the author to energetic solar-flare particle propagation. It is argued that the equation, although complicated, offers several advantages as a starting point for transport theory over the simpler but less appropriate Fokker-Planck and Boltzmann equations. (Author).
Author : Michael W. Friedlander
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674009894
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)
Download or read book A Thin Cosmic Rain written by Michael W. Friedlander and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2002-11-30 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enigmatic for many years, cosmic rays are now known to be not rays at all, but particles, the nuclei of atoms, raining down continually on the earth, where they can be detected throughout the atmosphere and sometimes even thousands of feet underground. This book tells the long-running detective story behind the discovery and study of cosmic rays, a story that stretches from the early days of subatomic particle physics in the 1890s to the frontiers of high-energy astrophysics today. Writing for the amateur scientist and the educated general reader, Michael Friedlander, a cosmic ray researcher, relates the history of cosmic ray science from its accidental discovery to its present status. He explains how cosmic rays are identified and how their energies are measured, then surveys current knowledge and theories of thin cosmic rain. The most thorough, up-to-date, and readable account of these intriguing phenomena, his book makes us party to the search into the nature, behavior, and origins of cosmic rays—and into the sources of their enormous energy, sometimes hundreds of millions times greater than the energy achievable in the most powerful earthbound particle accelerators. As this search led unexpectedly to the discovery of new particles such as the muon, pion, kaon, and hyperon, and as it reveals scenes of awesome violence in the cosmos and offers clues about black holes, supernovas, neutron stars, quasars, and neutrinos, we see clearly why cosmic rays remain central to an astonishingly diverse range of research studies on scales infinitesimally small and large. Attractively illustrated, engagingly written, this is a fascinating inside look at a science at the center of our understanding of our universe.
Author : M.M. Shapiro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400971664
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Composition and Origin of Cosmic Rays written by M.M. Shapiro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Ettore Majorana Centre, Erice, Sicily, Italy, June 20-30, 1982
Author : Veniamin Sergeevich Berezinskiĭ
Publisher : Elsevier Science & Technology
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Astrophysics of Cosmic Rays written by Veniamin Sergeevich Berezinskiĭ and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1990 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the astrophysics of cosmic rays, especially the origin of the cosmic rays observed on Earth. The problem of the propagation and acceleration of cosmic rays in the interstellar medium and, in general, in the galaxy is discussed. Topics of gamma- and X-ray astronomy and of high-energy neutrino astronomy related to cosmic rays are also discussed. Summaries of the observational and experimental results are given."
Author : Lev Dorman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402092393
Total Pages : 770 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets written by Lev Dorman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-20 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of cosmic ray (CR) geomagnetic effects came to the fore at the beg- ning of the 1930s after the famous expeditions by J. Clay onboard ship (Slamat) between the Netherlands and Java using an ionization chamber. Many CR la- tude expeditions were organized by the famous scientists and Nobel Laureates R. Millikan and A. Compton. From the obtained latitude curves it follows that CRs cannot be gamma rays (as many scientists thought at that time), but must be charged particles. From measurements of azimuthally geomagnetic effect at that time it also followed that these charged particles must be mostly positive (see Chapter 1, and for more details on the history of the problem see monographs of Irina Dorman, M1981, M1989). The ?rst explanations of obtained results were based on the simple dipole - proximation of the geomagnetic ?eld and the theory of energetic charged particles moving in dipole magnetic ?elds, developed in 1907 by C. Stormer ̈ to explain the aurora phenomenon. Let us note that it was made about 5 years before V. Hess discovered CRs, and received the Nobel Prize in 1936 together with K. Anderson (for the discovery of CR and positrons in CR).
Author : Stephen Rosen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Selected Papers on Cosmic Ray Origin Theories written by Stephen Rosen and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. M. Hillas
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483151921
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Cosmic Rays written by A. M. Hillas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic Rays is a two-part book that first elucidates the discovery, nature, and particles produced by cosmic rays. This part also looks into the primary cosmic radiation; radio waves from the galaxy; extensive air showers; origin of cosmic rays; and other cosmic radiations. Part 2 consists of reprinted papers involving cosmic rays. Papers 1 to 10 treat the nature of the radiation, arranged chronologically; in Papers 11 to 16 the scene moves away from the Earth.
Author : Steff Jaywan
Publisher : Dedona Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Cosmic Rays written by Steff Jaywan and published by Dedona Publishing. This book was released on with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic rays are an intriguing aspect of astrophysics, originating from various sources in the universe, such as supernovae, pulsars, and even black holes. They consist of charged particles accelerated to incredible energies, often far beyond what our most powerful particle accelerators on Earth can achieve. These particles, when they collide with the Earth's atmosphere, create secondary particles in a cascade of interactions, leading to a fascinating array of phenomena. Studying cosmic rays provides valuable insights into the universe's most extreme environments and processes. They offer clues about the composition of cosmic objects, the nature of dark matter, and the magnetic fields permeating space. Moreover, understanding cosmic rays is crucial for space exploration, as they pose radiation hazards to astronauts and spacecraft. Researchers use ground-based detectors, high-altitude balloons, and even satellites to study cosmic rays from different vantage points. By analyzing the energy spectrum, arrival directions, and particle types, scientists aim to unlock the mysteries surrounding these enigmatic messengers from the cosmos.
