The Battle For Stalingrad

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Enemy at the Gates

Author : William J. Craig
Publisher : Open Road Media
ISBN 13 : 1504021347
Total Pages : 509 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Enemy at the Gates by : William J. Craig

Download or read book Enemy at the Gates written by William J. Craig and published by Open Road Media. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New York Times bestseller that brings to life one of the bloodiest battles of World War II—and the beginning of the end of the Third Reich. On August 5, 1942, giant pillars of dust rose over the Russian steppe, marking the advance of the 6th Army, an elite German combat unit dispatched by Hitler to capture the industrial city of Stalingrad and press on to the oil fields of Azerbaijan. The Germans were supremely confident; in three years, they had not suffered a single defeat.The Luftwaffe had already bombed the city into ruins. German soldiers hoped to complete their mission and be home in time for Christmas. The siege of Stalingrad lasted five months, one week, and three days. Nearly two million men and women died, and the 6th Army was completely destroyed. Considered by many historians to be the turning point of World War II in Europe, the Soviet Army’s victory foreshadowed Hitler’s downfall and the rise of a communist superpower. Bestselling author William Craig spent five years researching this epic clash of military titans, traveling to three continents in order to review documents and interview hundreds of survivors. Enemy at the Gates is the enthralling result: the definitive account of one of the most important battles in world history. It became a New York Times bestseller and was also the inspiration for the 2001 film of the same name, starring Joseph Fiennes and Jude Law.

Victory at Stalingrad

Author : Geoffrey Roberts
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317868900
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis Victory at Stalingrad by : Geoffrey Roberts

Download or read book Victory at Stalingrad written by Geoffrey Roberts and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Victory at Stalingrad tells the gripping strategic and military story of that battle. The hard-won Soviet victory prevented Hitler from waging the Second World War for another ten years and set the Germans on the road to defeat. The Soviet victory also prevented the Nazis from completing the Final Solution, the wholesale destruction of European Jewry, which began with Hitler’s "War of Annihilation" against the Soviets on the Eastern Front. Geoffrey Roberts places the conflict in the context of the clash between two mighty powers:their world views and their leaders. He presents a great human drama, highlighting the contribution made by political and military leaders on both sides. He shows that the real story of the battle was the Soviets’ failure to achieve their greatest ambition: to deliver an immediate, war-winning knockout blow to the Germans. This provocative reassessment presents new evidence and challenges the myths and legends that surround both the battle and the key personalities who led and planned it.

Stalingrad

Author : Antony Beevor
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1101153563
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Stalingrad by : Antony Beevor

Download or read book Stalingrad written by Antony Beevor and published by Penguin. This book was released on 1999-05-01 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Battle of Stalingrad was not only the psychological turning point of World War II: it also changed the face of modern warfare. From Antony Beevor, the internationally bestselling author of D-Day and The Battle of Arnhem. In August 1942, Hitler's huge Sixth Army reached the city that bore Stalin's name. In the five-month siege that followed, the Russians fought to hold Stalingrad at any cost; then, in an astonishing reversal, encircled and trapped their Nazi enemy. This battle for the ruins of a city cost more than a million lives. Stalingrad conveys the experience of soldiers on both sides, fighting in inhuman conditions, and of civilians trapped on an urban battlefield. Antony Beevor has itnerviewed survivors and discovered completely new material in a wide range of German and Soviet archives, including prisoner interrogations and reports of desertions and executions. As a story of cruelty, courage, and human suffering, Stalingrad is unprecedented and unforgettable. Historians and reviewers worldwide have hailed Antony Beevor's magisterial Stalingrad as the definitive account of World War II's most harrowing battle.

Stalingrad

Author : Jochen Hellbeck
Publisher : PublicAffairs
ISBN 13 : 1610394976
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Stalingrad by : Jochen Hellbeck

Download or read book Stalingrad written by Jochen Hellbeck and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just days after the Germans surrendered at Stalingrad, legendary Red Army sniper Vasily Zaytsev described the horrors he witnessed during the five-month long conflict: “one sees the young girls, the children who hang from trees in the park... I have unsteady nerves and I'm constantly shaking.” He was being interviewed, along with 214 other men and women—soldiers, officers, civilians, administrative staffers and others—amidst the rubble that remained of Stalingrad by members of Moscow's Historical Commission. Sent by the Kremlin, their aim was to record a comprehensive, historical documentary of the tremendous hardships overcome and heroic triumphs achieved during the battle. 20 soldiers of the 38th Rifle Division vividly recount how they stumbled upon the commander of the German troops, Field Marshal Friederich Paulus, defeated and hiding in a bed that reeked like a latrine. A lieutenant colonel remembers the brave 20 year-old adjutant who wrapped his arms around his commander's body to protect him from a flying grenade. Working around the clock, Nurse Vera Gurova describes a 24 hour period during which her hospital received over than 600 wounded men – equivalent to one every two and an half minutes. Countless soldiers endured shrapnel wounds and received blood transfusions in the trenches, but she can't forget the young amputee who begged her to avenge his suffering at Stalingrad. This harrowing montage of distinct voices was so candid that the Kremlin forbade its publication and consigned the bulk of these documents to a Moscow archive where they remained forgotten for decades, until now. Jochen Hellbeck's Stalingrad is a definitive portrait of perhaps the greatest urban battle of the Second World War—a pivotal moment in the course of the war re-created with absolute candor and chilling veracity by the voices of the men and women who fought there.

Stalingrad

Author : Vasily Grossman
Publisher : New York Review of Books
ISBN 13 : 1681373270
Total Pages : 1089 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (813 download)

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Book Synopsis Stalingrad by : Vasily Grossman

Download or read book Stalingrad written by Vasily Grossman and published by New York Review of Books. This book was released on 2019-06-11 with total page 1089 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in English for the first time, the prequel to Vasily Grossman's Life and Fate, the War and Peace of the twentieth Century. In April 1942, Hitler and Mussolini meet in Salzburg where they agree on a renewed assault on the Soviet Union. Launched in the summer, the campaign soon picks up speed, as the routed Red Army is driven back to the industrial center of Stalingrad on the banks of the Volga. In the rubble of the bombed-out city, Soviet forces dig in for a last stand. The story told in Vasily Grossman’s Stalingrad unfolds across the length and breadth of Russia and Europe, and its characters include mothers and daughters, husbands and brothers, generals, nurses, political activists, steelworkers, and peasants, along with Hitler and other historical figures. At the heart of the novel is the Shaposhnikov family. Even as the Germans advance, the matriarch, Alexandra Vladimirovna, refuses to leave Stalingrad. Far from the front, her eldest daughter, Ludmila, is unhappily married to the Jewish physicist Viktor Shtrum. Viktor’s research may be of crucial military importance, but he is distracted by thoughts of his mother in the Ukraine, lost behind German lines. In Stalingrad, published here for the first time in English translation, and in its celebrated sequel, Life and Fate, Grossman writes with extraordinary power and deep compassion about the disasters of war and the ruthlessness of totalitarianism, without, however, losing sight of the little things that are the daily currency of human existence or of humanity’s inextinguishable, saving attachment to nature and life. Grossman’s two-volume masterpiece can now be seen as one of the supreme accomplishments of twentieth-century literature, tender and fearless, intimate and epic.

Stalingrad

Author : Rupert Matthews
Publisher : Arcturus Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782122583
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (821 download)

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Book Synopsis Stalingrad by : Rupert Matthews

Download or read book Stalingrad written by Rupert Matthews and published by Arcturus Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-02 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bitter Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point of WWII on the Eastern Front. The relentless and unstoppable German advances that had seen the panzers sweep hundreds of miles into Russia was finally brought to a halt at Stalingrad. The elite German 6th Army was first fought to a standstill, then surrounded and forced to surrender. For the ...

Stalingrad 1942–43 (2)

Author : Robert Forczyk
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472842707
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Stalingrad 1942–43 (2) by : Robert Forczyk

Download or read book Stalingrad 1942–43 (2) written by Robert Forczyk and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second in a three-part series examining the Stalingrad campaign, one of the most decisive military operations in World War II, that set the stage for the ultimate defeat of the Third Reich. By early September 1942, 6.Armee and 4.Panzer-Armee had reached the outskirts of Stalingrad, and Hitler believed it was about to fall. He ordered for the capture of the city as soon as possible, but this was easier said than done. On 13 September, a direct German assault was launched against the city on the Volga and a protracted urban battle followed amid the ruins, already devastated by massive Luftwaffe raids. Although hit hard by the initial German offensive, a ruthless and obstinate Red Army was able to hold onto the city through a costly battle of attrition that sacrificed huge amounts of men and materiel. This second volume in the Stalingrad trilogy, written by a leading expert on the military history of the Eastern Front, brings the fighting in the city to life in full visual detail, including the iconic battles at the Krasny Oktyabr Steel Plant, the Grain Elevator, the Barrikady and STZ factories, the 'Tennis Racquet' and Rynok–Spartanovka. Drawing from sources on both sides, this book offers a truly comprehensive account of history's greatest urban battle.

The Battle for Stalingrad

Author : Vasiliĭ Ivanovich Chuĭkov
Publisher : New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Battle for Stalingrad by : Vasiliĭ Ivanovich Chuĭkov

Download or read book The Battle for Stalingrad written by Vasiliĭ Ivanovich Chuĭkov and published by New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston. This book was released on 1964 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The commander of the 62nd Siberian Army tells what happened during the Battle of Stalingrad, analyzing Russian military strategy and giving a bird's-eye view of how Soviet generals planned the war and Russian soldiers fought it. His account questions the myth that the Germans were beaten by the climate and the greater numbers of Russian troops. Confessing the view he held at the time, Chuikov explains the background to the orders he gave, describing in detail how he broke up the traditional military units to create myriads of small, flexible storm troops to conduct house-to-house fighting. Referring to the diaries and letters of soldiers (both Russian and German), he evokes the hell that was Stalingrad, a shattered city where soldiers were fighting in sewers, from rubble, and from holes in the frozen earth.

To the Gates of Stalingrad

Author : David M. Glantz
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700616306
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis To the Gates of Stalingrad by : David M. Glantz

Download or read book To the Gates of Stalingrad written by David M. Glantz and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The confrontation between German and Soviet forces at Stalingrad was a titanic clash of armies on an unprecedented scale-a campaign that was both a turning point in World War II and a lasting symbol of that war's power and devastation. Yet despite the attention lavished on this epic battle by historians, much about it has been greatly misunderstood or hidden from view-as David Glantz, the world's foremost authority on the Red Army in World War II, now shows. This first volume in Glantz's masterly trilogy draws on previously unseen or neglected sources to provide the definitive account of the opening phase of this iconic Eastern Front campaign. Glantz has combed daily official records from both sides-including the Red Army General Staff, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, the German Sixth Army, and the Soviet 62nd Army-to produce a work of unparalleled detail and fresh interpretations. Jonathan House, an authority on twentieth-century warfare, adds further insight and context. Hitler's original objective was not Stalingrad but the Caucasus oilfields to the south of the city. So he divided his Army Group South into two parts-one to secure the city on his flank, one to capture the oilfields. Glantz reveals for the first time how Stalin, in response, demanded that the Red Army stand and fight rather than withdraw, leading to the numerous little-known combat engagements that seriously eroded the Wehrmacht's strength before it even reached Stalingrad. He shows that, although advancing German forces essentially destroyed the armies of the Soviet Southwestern and Southern Fronts, the Soviets resisted the German advance much more vigorously than has been thought through constant counterattacks, ultimately halting the German offensive at the gates of Stalingrad. This fresh, eye-opening account and the subsequent companion volumes-on the actual battle for the city itself and the successful Soviet counteroffensive that followed-will dramatically revise and expand our understanding of what remains a military campaign for the ages.

Checkpoint Charlie

Author : Iain MacGregor
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1982100052
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (821 download)

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Book Synopsis Checkpoint Charlie by : Iain MacGregor

Download or read book Checkpoint Charlie written by Iain MacGregor and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A “constantly captivating…well-researched and often moving” (The Wall Street Journal) history of Checkpoint Charlie, the famous military gate on the border of East and West Berlin where the United States confronted the USSR during the Cold War. In the early 1960s, East Germany committed a billion dollars to the creation of the Berlin Wall, an eleven-foot-high barrier that consisted of seventy-nine miles of fencing, 300 watchtowers, 250 guard dog runs, twenty bunkers, and was operated around the clock by guards who shot to kill. Over the next twenty-eight years, at least five thousand people attempt to smash through it, swim across it, tunnel under it, or fly over it. In 1989, the East German leadership buckled in the face of a civil revolt that culminated in half a million East Berliners demanding an end to the ban on free movement. The world’s media flocked to capture the moment which, perhaps more than any other, signaled the end of the Cold War. Checkpoint Charlie had been the epicenter of global conflict for nearly three decades. Now, “in capturing the essence of the old Cold War [MacGregor] may just have helped us to understand a bit more about the new one” (The Times, London)—the mistrust, oppression, paranoia, and fear that gripped the world throughout this period. Checkpoint Charlie is about the nerve-wracking confrontation between the West and USSR, highlighting such important global figures as Eisenhower, Stalin, JFK, Nikita Khrushchev, Mao Zedung, Nixon, Reagan, and other politicians of the period. He also includes never-before-heard interviews with the men who built and dismantled the Wall; children who crossed it; relatives and friends who lost loved ones trying to escape over it; military policemen and soldiers who guarded the checkpoints; CIA, MI6, and Stasi operatives who oversaw operations across its borders; politicians whose ambitions shaped it; journalists who recorded its story; and many more whose living memories contributed to the full story of Checkpoint Charlie.

The Stalingrad Cauldron

Author : Frank Ellis
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700619011
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis The Stalingrad Cauldron by : Frank Ellis

Download or read book The Stalingrad Cauldron written by Frank Ellis and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2013-06-27 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The encirclement of the German 6th Army at Stalingrad in mid-November 1942 and its final collapse in February 1943 was a signature defeat for Hitler, as more than 100,000 of his soldiers were marched off into captivity. Frank Ellis tackles this oft-told tale from the unique perspective of the German officers and men trapped inside the Red Army's ever-closing ring of forces. This approach makes palpable the growing desperation of an army that began its campaign confident of victory but that long before the end could see how hopeless their situation had become. Highlighting these pages are three previously unpublished German army division accounts, translated here for the first time by Ellis. Each of these translations follows the combat experiences of a specific division-the 76th Infantry, the 94th Infantry, and the 16th Panzer-and take readers into the cauldron (or Kessel) that was Stalingrad. Together they provide a ground-level view of the horrific fighting and yield insights into everything from tactics and weapons to internal disputes, the debilitating effects of extreme cold and hunger, and the Germans' astonishing sense of duty and the abilities of their junior leaders. Along with these first-hand accounts, Ellis himself takes a new and closer look at a number of fascinating but somewhat neglected or misunderstood aspects of the Stalingrad cauldron including sniping, desertion, spying, and the fate of German prisoners. His coverage of sniping is especially notable for new insights concerning the duel that allegedly took place between Soviet sniper Vasilii Zaitsev and a German sniper, Major Konings, a story told in the film Enemy at the Gates (2001). Ellis also includes an incisive reading of Oberst Arthur Boje's published account of his capture, interrogation, and conviction for war crimes, and explores the theme of reconciliation in the works of two Stalingrad veterans, Kurt Reuber and Vasilii Grossman. Rich in anecdotal detail and revealing moments, Ellis's historical mosaic showcases an army that managed to display a vital resilience and professionalism in the face of inevitable defeat brought on by its leaders. It makes for compelling reading for anyone interested in one of the Eastern Front's monumental battles.

Stalingrad

Author : Christer Bergström
Publisher : Midland Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781857802764
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Stalingrad by : Christer Bergström

Download or read book Stalingrad written by Christer Bergström and published by Midland Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compiled by one of the world's leading experts on the air war over the Eastern Front, this book is the second in a series of books to cover the major phases of World War II in this theatre of operations.

Victory at Stalingrad

Author : Geoffrey Roberts
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317868919
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis Victory at Stalingrad by : Geoffrey Roberts

Download or read book Victory at Stalingrad written by Geoffrey Roberts and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Victory at Stalingrad tells the gripping strategic and military story of that battle. The hard-won Soviet victory prevented Hitler from waging the Second World War for another ten years and set the Germans on the road to defeat. The Soviet victory also prevented the Nazis from completing the Final Solution, the wholesale destruction of European Jewry, which began with Hitler’s "War of Annihilation" against the Soviets on the Eastern Front. Geoffrey Roberts places the conflict in the context of the clash between two mighty powers:their world views and their leaders. He presents a great human drama, highlighting the contribution made by political and military leaders on both sides. He shows that the real story of the battle was the Soviets’ failure to achieve their greatest ambition: to deliver an immediate, war-winning knockout blow to the Germans. This provocative reassessment presents new evidence and challenges the myths and legends that surround both the battle and the key personalities who led and planned it.

Stalingrad: the Turning Point

Author : Geoffrey Jukes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Stalingrad: the Turning Point by : Geoffrey Jukes

Download or read book Stalingrad: the Turning Point written by Geoffrey Jukes and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Battle of Stalingrad

Author : 50 minutes
Publisher : 50Minutes.com
ISBN 13 : 2806275210
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis The Battle of Stalingrad by : 50 minutes

Download or read book The Battle of Stalingrad written by 50 minutes and published by 50Minutes.com. This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keen to learn but short on time? Get to grips with the events of the Battle of Stalingrad in next to no time with this concise guide. 50Minutes.com provides a clear and engaging analysis of the Battle of Stalingrad. In August 1942, three years after the start of the Second World War, Nazi Germany and its allies launched a brutal attack on the Russian city of Stalingrad. However, after months of heavy fighting and extraordinary resistance from the Soviets, the Germans were forced to withdraw. Hitler’s army was significantly weakened after this battle, one of the deadliest in history, and never regained the upper hand in the East. In just 50 minutes you will: • Understand the background to the battle and Germany’s reasons for launching an attack on the USSR • Identify the main commanders and leaders on both sides, and their strategic decisions during the battle • Analyse the impact of the battle and its contribution to the downfall of Nazi Germany ABOUT 50MINUTES.COM | History & Culture 50MINUTES.COM will enable you to quickly understand the main events, people, conflicts and discoveries from world history that have shaped the world we live in today. Our publications present the key information on a wide variety of topics in a quick and accessible way that is guaranteed to save you time on your journey of discovery.

Survivors of Stalingrad

Author : Reinhold Busch
Publisher : Frontline Books
ISBN 13 : 1848327668
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (483 download)

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Book Synopsis Survivors of Stalingrad by : Reinhold Busch

Download or read book Survivors of Stalingrad written by Reinhold Busch and published by Frontline Books. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In November 1942 _ in a devastating counter-attack from outside the city _ Soviet forces smashed the German siege and encircled Stalingrad, trapping some 290,000 soldiers of the 6th Army inside. For almost three months, during the harshest part of the Russian winter, the German troops endured atrocious conditions. Freezing cold and reliant on dwindling food supplies from Luftwaffe air drops, thousands died from starvation, frostbite or infection if not from the fighting itself. ??This important work reconstructs the grim fate of the 6th Army in full for the first time by examining the little-known story of the field hospitals and central dressing stations. The author has trawled through hundreds of previously unpublished reports, interviews, diaries and newspaper accounts to reveal the experiences of soldiers of all ranks, from simple soldiers to generals. ??The book includes first-hand accounts of soldiers who were wounded or fell ill and were flown out of the encirclement; as well as those who fought to the bitter end and were taken prisoner by the Soviets. They reflect on the severity of the fighting, and reveal the slowly ebbing hopes for survival. Together they provide an illuminating and tragic portrait of the appalling events at Stalingrad.

Stalingrad 1942–43 (1)

Author : Robert Forczyk
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472842634
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Stalingrad 1942–43 (1) by : Robert Forczyk

Download or read book Stalingrad 1942–43 (1) written by Robert Forczyk and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After failing to defeat the Soviet Union with Operation Barbarossa in 1941, Adolf Hitler planned a new campaign for the summer of 1942 that was intended to achieve a decisive victory: Operation Blue (Case Blau). In this new campaign, Hitler directed that one army group (Heeresgruppe A) would advance to seize the Soviet oilfields in the Caucasus, while the other (Heeresgruppe B) pushed on to the Volga River. The expectation was for a rapid victory – instead, German forces had to fight hard just to reach the outskirts of Stalingrad, and then found themselves embroiled in a protracted urban battle amid the ruins of a devastated city on the Volga. The Soviet Red Army was hit hard by the initial German offensive but held onto the city and then launched Operation Uranus, a winter counteroffensive that encircled the German 6. Armee at Stalingrad. Despite a desperate German relief operation, the Red Army eventually crushed the German forces and hurled the remnants of the German southern front back in disorder. This first volume in the Stalingrad trilogy covers the period from 28 June to 11 September 1942, including operations around Voronezh. The fighting in the Don Bend, which lasted weeks, comprised some of the largest tank battles of World War II – involving more armour than the tanks employed at Prokhorovka in 1943.