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Author : Christian Krause
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (914 download)
Download or read book The Balance Between Conventional Forces in Europe written by Christian Krause and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John H. Hawes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Improving the Balance of Conventional Forces in Europe written by John H. Hawes and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. H. HAWES
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (563 download)
Download or read book Improving the Balance of Conventional Forces in Europe written by J. H. HAWES and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Laurinda L. Rohn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Conventional Forces in Europe written by Laurinda L. Rohn and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "balance (or imbalance) of conventional forces" is an expression of the degree to which the capabilities of the conventional military forces deployed by two sides are in some way equal. This balance is a central factor in determining the degree to which a given situation is stable. "Conventional stability" is a broader concept than balance; it also encompasses perceptions of the balance, differences in the nature of the operational tasks imposed on the forces of both sides, and other factors. Conventional stability rests on the degree to which both sides believe they could achieve their military objectives in wartime. The author suggests a new analytic framework relating measurements of military capabilities, balance assessment methodologies, and defense objectives to conventional stability. Application of the framework to the conventional balance in Europe suggests some tentative conclusions regarding the potential role of arms control in stabilizing the balance: the most productive use of arms control seems to be to decrease the offensive potential of the two sides' forces.
Author : Christian Krause
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)
Download or read book The Balance Between Conventional Forces in Europe written by Christian Krause and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Frances M. Lussier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)
Download or read book Budgetary and Military Effects of a Treaty Limiting Conventional Forces in Europe written by Frances M. Lussier and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jane Sharp
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134325827
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (343 download)
Download or read book Striving for Military Stability in Europe written by Jane Sharp and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-04-05 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2004. This new book traces the changing relationship between Russia and NATO through the prism of conventional arms control, and focuses on the negotiation, implementation and adaptation of the Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty. It shows that arms control agreements reflect rather than affect rela tions between parties. The CFE Treaty codified parity between NATO and the Soviet-led Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO) in November 1990, reflecting the status quo at the end of the cold war. The benefits were short lived for Russia, however. Although still widely viewed in the West as the cornerstone of security and stability in post-cold war Europe, from the Russian perspective the treaty was soon overtaken by events. With the collapse of the WTO and the Soviet Union in 1991, it became impossible to talk of a military balance between east and west in Europe, especially as all the former WTO states opted for membership in NATO. This study details how the other state parties worked hard to adjust and adapt the treaty to meet Russian concerns about its new weakness relative to NATO, and the issues that complicated Russian acceptance of CFE limits. This book will be of great interest to all students of Russia, NATO, European politics, international relations and strategic studies in general.
Author : Stuart Croft
Publisher : Dartmouth Publishing Group
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty written by Stuart Croft and published by Dartmouth Publishing Group. This book was released on 1994 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book examines the CFE Treaty both in terms of the Treaty commitments, and in terms of the debate over the Treaty and its ratification in order to deepen understanding of the different national attitudes to security at the end of the Cold War." "It is a piece of contemporary history as well as a book which sets out the legal obligations over the size of the armed forces of most of the countries of Europe in perpetuity. It includes an analysis not only of the Treaty of November 1990, but also the revised version of 1992 (which set out the limits for all the ex-Soviet states), and the CFE 1A agreement, in which states declared maximum levels for their military personnel."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book U.S. Ground Forces and the Conventional Balance in Europe written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deterrence of war in Europe or, if necessary, its successful prosecution- is a key goal of U.S. defense strategy. Achieving that goal depends in part on the balance of conventional forces between the United States and its allies in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies. (Conventional forces include all military forces other than those employing nuclear weapons.) Assessments of the conventional balance of military forces in Europe depend on many highly uncertain assumptions. Adding to the uncertainty is the contribution of nuclear weapons, which are thought to deter both sides from starting a war. Uncertainties notwithstanding, the Warsaw Pact has more weapons than NATO, particularly more heavy weapons like tanks. NATO's conventional forces also suffer important vulnerabilities. Some analysts believe those vulnerabilities will be heightened after intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF) have been eliminated under the terms of the recently enacted treaty or if long-range nuclear weapons are reduced under future treaties. These concerns have led to proposals for improving NATO's conventional military capability. The improvements could cost tens of billions of dollars, a matter of concern in this period of fiscal restraint. Thus, it is important to understand how much such improvements would add to costs and capability, and to determine the status of the conventional balance offerees that these proposals seek to alter.
Author : Alex Raymond McKeown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book An Analysis of the Conventional Military Balance on the European Central Front written by Alex Raymond McKeown and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Seung-Jong Song
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1014 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (364 download)
Download or read book Conventional Arms Control in Europe written by Seung-Jong Song and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study seeks to address and solve the puzzle that "why does security cooperation emerge in some cases and not in others?" The history of conventional arms control in Europe--Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction (MBFR) and Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE)--is analyzed in order to identify, the factors that are crucial for answering the question that "Why the MBFR failed to reach an agreement, while the CFE successfully reached an agreement?" This study focuses on the process and context of conventional arms control negotiations that may make a difference between creating stalemates and overcoming impasses. Drawing upon the mainstream theories of international relations, including structural realism, regional integration theory, regime theory, theory of cooperation on one hand, and theories of bargaining and negotiations, and the balance of power theory on the other hand, four independent variables were selected: negotiations strategies (Tit-for-Tat or reciprocal, GRIT or unilateral concession, and "Tough" strategies), verification, military balance, and economic effects. Four sets of hypotheses were constructed according to clusters of independent variables: (1) A Tit-for-Tat (or unilateral, or tough) strategy would facilitate arms control agreement; (2) A verification regime is a necessary precondition of arms control agreement; (3) the existence of parity of military balance is essential for arms control agreement; and (4) The higher the anticipated economic costs, the more likely that the negotiations will end in agreement. The major findings of this study suggests: (1) The repetition of Tit-for-Tat does not always lead to cooperation. Mutual adoption of tough strategies tend to lead to deadlock. The combination of the two strategies is most likely to result in agreement: A GRIT strategy would be applied first to induce movement toward conciliation and then Tit-for-Tat would be employed to produce full cooperation; (2) A verification regime is a precondition to the success of agreement. In the absence of a certain level of trust between opponents, it might be impossible to reach an arms control agreements; (3) The existence or prospect of rough military balance has been a precondition to agreements; (4) The economic effects were found to be mixed--while an economic effect was minimal in MBFR, it was dominant agenda in CFE talks.
Author : Robert Shishko
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Overlooked Dimensions of the Conventional Balance in Europe written by Robert Shishko and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Traditional views of the conventional military balance in the Central Region emphasize a comparison of the number of major weapon systems each side has in its inventory, or of the number of military personnel or formations. These traditional statements of the balance dramatically tend to favor the Warsaw Pact. In this paper, the author addresses some of the overlooked dimensions in the conventional military balance: (1) the reliability of allies, (2) the role of surprise, (3) the contribution of logistic support, and (4) the role of command-control-communication and electronic warfare. Of these four, the first two might be called scenario-related variables, while the last two are generally called "force multipliers." The effect each might have in wartime is uncertain and not easily factored into the balance analytically. The author gives a brief indication of how one might attempt to do so, or what results are generally obtained when those attempts have been made." -- Rand abstracts.
Author : Roger Hill
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780662163510
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (635 download)
Download or read book The Conventional Military Balance in Europe written by Roger Hill and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : William R. Bowman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Limiting Conventional Forces in Europe written by William R. Bowman and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Roger L. L. Facer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Conventional Forces and the NATO Strategy of Flexible Response written by Roger L. L. Facer and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concern has grown in recent years about Europe's dependence on nuclear weapons for its security. The credibility of the current NATO strategy of flexible response is being questioned. It is widely felt that NATO should strengthen its conventional force capability in order to raise the nuclear threshold. New developments in technology appear to offer hope that a main obstacle to an effective conventional defense against conventional attack, its cost, can at last be overcome. This report gives a wide overview of the implications of these developments. Concentrating on central Europe, it examines the question whether the continued maintenance of an effective strategy of deterrence requires a change in the relationship between the conventional and nuclear elements of it. It considers the adoption of a no-first-use policy buttressed by conventional force improvements large enough to create a permanent conventional force balance in Europe. The report concludes that improving conventional forces to the point of equivalence with the Warsaw Pact would risk decoupling the defense of Europe against conventional attack from the United States' nuclear umbrella and would thus reduce deterrence as well as damage the cohesion of the Alliance.
Author : Robert Shishko
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book The European Conventional Balance written by Robert Shishko and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is on the balance in the European Central region largely on the grounds that is where the largest NATO/Warsaw Pact concentrations of force are found and where most of the post-mobilization reinforcements would flow. Why all the recent pessimism avbout the conventional military balance in the Central Region? Such pessimism has not always existed, but in fact has waxed and wa ned over NATO's 30 plus year history. In NATO's earliest days, it was thought that a mixed conventional/nuclear defense of Europe would require about 100 divisions, a goal clearly in excess of what politicians were willing to support. In 1954, a 'new look' at NATO's requirements suggested that perhaps 50 divisions would suffice if greater reliance was placed on nuclear weapons. In practice NATO never reached that goal, but it didn't seem to matter because U.S. strategic nuclear superiority gave the 'massive retaliation' doctrine at least some credibility. By the early 1960's, that credibility was in doubt as the U.S. homeland could be attacked by city-busting Soviet ICBMs. Under Secretary of Defense McNamara, the U.S. placed greater emphasis on conventional forces for Europe and the resources to support this emphasis were found. As a result, there was at least some belief through the late 1960s that NATO could conduct a successful conventional or low level nuclear defense in Europe if given strategic warning of about 30 days. (Author).
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (884 download)
Download or read book Conventional Forces and the European Balance written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
