Author : Mohammad Hikmat Alasagheirin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (893 download)
Book Synopsis The Association Between Environmental Exposures and the Physical Growth Status, Bone Growth Status, and Metabolic Risk Factors of Children of Sudanese Immigrant Families Living in the USA by : Mohammad Hikmat Alasagheirin
Download or read book The Association Between Environmental Exposures and the Physical Growth Status, Bone Growth Status, and Metabolic Risk Factors of Children of Sudanese Immigrant Families Living in the USA written by Mohammad Hikmat Alasagheirin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objectives The purpose of this research was to describe the physical growth status, bone mineral content, areal bone mineral density, body composition, and metabolic risk level of children of Sudanese immigrant families, and to determine the relationship between these outcome measures and exposure to an adverse environment. Exposure was defined as the time spent in Sudan or neighboring countries and timing was defined as the age a child arrived in the USA. Two major modifying factors were considered; current nutritional status (food quality and food security) and current physical activity levels. Study Design and Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted between July 2011 and April 2012. Subjects were recruited from the Iowa City, Iowa metropolitan area. The sample included 64 children between the ages of five and eighteen; 33 females and 31 males. Physical growth measures included weight, height, and BMI. Bone growth measures (body bone mineral content and areal bone mass density at the hip and spine) and body composition measures (lean mass, fat mass, and body fat percent) were measured using DXA. Metabolic risk factors included fasting blood glucose, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and C Reactive Protein (CRP) levels, and Homeostasis Model of Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Physical activity was measured by self-report physical activity questionnaire for children and adolescents (modified PAQ-A and PAQ-C) and by direct measure using Omron Pedometers (HJ-720 IT). Other collected data included food quality, food security, food frequency, and pubertal development using a puberty developmental scale. Results The mean age for all children was 10.1 ± 3.3 years. More than half of the children (n=33, 51.6%) were born in the USA, 14 children (21.9%) were born in Sudan, and the other children were born in other countries. The majority of the children (63.6%) lived in low income households reporting annual income less than USD $19,000.
