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The Acute Effects Of A Heavy Weight Training Session On Vo2 Max And Running Economy In Female Distance Runners
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Book Synopsis The Acute Effects of a Heavy Weight Training Session on VO2 Max and Running Economy in Female Distance Runners by : Amanda Jo Bell
Download or read book The Acute Effects of a Heavy Weight Training Session on VO2 Max and Running Economy in Female Distance Runners written by Amanda Jo Bell and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examined the acute effects of a single heavy weight training session on running economy and VO2 max in female distance runners. A heavy resistance session typically leads to acute fatigue in the neuromuscular system. Two subjects completed a control week of testing, followed by the experimental week which began with a heavy strength training session. Each test consisted of a steady state exercise lasting 3 minutes, followed by a graded exercise ramp protocol until volitional exhaustion. Post-training effects were recorded at 8 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 5 days after the strength training session. Results showed that VO2 max declined by 14.9%. Running economy during the steady-state exercise increased % VO2 max by 7%. Ventilation threshold increased 4.3% of % VO2 max. Detraining of the subjects contributed to the decreases in VO2 max and ventilation threshold and the increase in respiratory exchange ratio. Delayed onset muscle soreness contributed to decreases in running economy and length of tests and led to increases in lactate concentrations and respiratory exchange ratios, due to the severity of muscle damage.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Concurrent Strength Training and Endurance Training on Running Economy for Trained Female Collegiate Cross-country Runners by : Sadie M. Knickrehm
Download or read book The Effects of Concurrent Strength Training and Endurance Training on Running Economy for Trained Female Collegiate Cross-country Runners written by Sadie M. Knickrehm and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerobic capacity for runners is generally achieved through running mileage, but strength training may also be beneficial to distance runners. The purpose of this study was to compare steady state VO2 at 8.0 MPH and 8.6 MPH, VO2max, percent of body fat, and muscular strength for cross-country runners who particpated in either endurance only training or concurrent endurance and strength training during a competitive season. The subjects were female runners with a mean age of 19.85 years. A 2 x 2 ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine differences between pre and post training. Results showed no significant interaction between time and group or any difference between groups for steady state VO2, VO2max, percent body fat, and muscular strength. However, there were significant changes (pre vs. post) in VO2max (M=48.03 ml.kg-1.min-1 vs. M=50.49ml.kg-1.min-1), back squat (M=130.45 lb. vs. M=147.27 lb.), and percent body fat (M=18.40 percent vs. M=19.86) for all runners. Findings from this study showed no significant improvement in VO2max for both training programs. No significant differences were found between the two training groups.
Book Synopsis VO2peak and Running Economy in Female Collegiate Soccer Players Across a Competitive Season by : Johanna R. Olson
Download or read book VO2peak and Running Economy in Female Collegiate Soccer Players Across a Competitive Season written by Johanna R. Olson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Running economy (RE) is the amount of oxygen utilized (ml.kg−1min−1) when running a fixed speed, and it has been demonstrated to be an important factor determining race performance in distance runners. There is evidence that running economy and/or maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) improves over the course of a training season in distance runners. However, little research has examined RE in high-level team sports that require athletes to cover large distances over the course of a competition. PURPOSE: To examine RE and VO2max values across a season in female NCAA Division I soccer athletes. METHODS: Fourteen female soccer players from a Pacific Athletic Conference team completed pre-season and post-season aerobic testing on a motorized treadmill; 14 weeks separated the testing sessions. Players performed a combined RE/VO2max test that consisted of a 3-minute warm-up at 6mph, two continuous 6-minute bouts at 7 mph and 8 mph, during which RE was assessed, and a final, continuous segment that maintained the treadmill velocity at 8 mph and increased treadmill incline by 2% the next minute and 1% each successive minute until volitional exhaustion was reached. Minute-average data was collected from exhaled air using a ParvoMedics TrueMax 2400 metabolic cart. RE was defined as the average of the oxygen uptake for the last three minutes of the 7 and 8 mph bouts. VO2peak was determined with the highest one-minute average oxygen uptake value for each participant. RESULTS: Paired t-tests showed no significant differences between any of the RE or VO2peak values from the pre-season and post-season test sessions. The mean subject height was 169.14 ± 3.37 cm. The mean body mass pre- and post-test was 63.83 ± 6.88 kg and 63.70 ± 6.60 kg, respectively. There was no difference between pre- and post-testing for RE at 7 mph or 8 mph, p > 0.05, (36.32 ± 1.40 ml.kg−1min−1 vs. 35.92 ± 1.23 ml.kg−1min−1 and 41.33 ± 1.27 ml.kg−1min−1 vs. 41.17 ± 1.75 ml.kg−1min−1). There was also no significant change in VO2peak, p > 0.05, (46.19 ± 3.87 vs. 46.16 ± 4.54 ml.kg−1min−1). CONCLUSIONS: High-level soccer training and competition does not appear to elicit measurable changes in RE or VO2peak over the course of a season.
Book Synopsis Physical Fitness/sports Medicine by :
Download or read book Physical Fitness/sports Medicine written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consists of citations selected from those contained in the National Library of Medicine's Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Science of Running by : Steve Magness
Download or read book The Science of Running written by Steve Magness and published by Origin Press (CA). This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews of The Science of Running:"The Science of Running sets the new standard for training theory and physiological data. Every veteran and beginner distance coach needs to have this on their book shelf."-Alan WebbAmerican Record Holder-Mile 3:46.91 "For anyone serious about running, The Science of Running offers the latest information and research for optimizing not only your understanding of training but also your performance. If you want to delve deeper into the world of running and training, this book is for you. You will never look at running the same."-Jackie Areson, 15th at the 2013 World Championships in the 5k. 15:12 5,000m best If you are looking for how to finish your first 5k, this book isn't for you. The Science of Running is written for those of us looking to maximize our performance, get as close to our limits as possible, and more than anything find out how good we can be, or how good our athletes can be. In The Science of Running, elite coach and exercise physiologist Steve Magness integrates the latest research with the training processes of the world's best runners, to deliver an in depth look at how to maximize your performance. It is a unique book that conquers both the scientific and practical points of running in two different sections. The first is aimed at identifying what limits running performance from a scientific standpoint. You will take a tour through the inside of the body, learning what causes fatigue, how we produce energy to run, and how the brain functions to hold you back from super-human performance. In section two, we turn to the practical application of this information and focus on the process of training to achieve your goals. You will learn how to develop training plans and to look at training in a completely different way. The Science of Running does not hold back information and is sure to challenge you to become a better athlete, coach, or exercise scientist in covering such topics as:· What is fatigue? The latest research on looking at fatigue from a brain centered view.· Why VO2max is the most overrated and misunderstood concept in both the lab and on the track· Why "zone" training leads to suboptimal performance.· How to properly individualize training for your own unique physiology.· How to look at the training process in a unique way in terms of stimulus and adaptation.· Full sample training programs from 800m to the marathon.
Book Synopsis Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training by : Moritz Schumann
Download or read book Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training written by Moritz Schumann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an extensive guide for exercise and health professionals, students, scientists, sport coaches, athletes of various sports and those with a general interest in concurrent aerobic and strength training. Following a brief historical overview of the past decades of research on concurrent training, in section 1 the epigenetic as well as physiological and neuromuscular differences of aerobic and strength training are discussed. Thereafter, section 2 aims at providing an up-to-date analysis of existing explanations for the interference phenomenon, while in section 3 the training-methodological difficulties of combined aerobic and strength training are elucidated. In section 4 and 5, the theoretical considerations reviewed in previous sections will then be practically applied to specific populations, ranging from children and elderly to athletes of various sports. Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training: Scientific Basics and Practical Applications is a novel book on one of the “hot topics” of exercise training. The Editors' highest priority is to make this book an easily understandable and at the same time scientifically supported guide for the daily practice.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Training on Running Economy in Collegiate, Female Athletes by : Kenneth Lee Owen
Download or read book The Effects of Training on Running Economy in Collegiate, Female Athletes written by Kenneth Lee Owen and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Female Endurance Athletes by : Barbara L. Drinkwater
Download or read book Female Endurance Athletes written by Barbara L. Drinkwater and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 13. 1984 by : Centre de Documentation pour le Sport
Download or read book 13. 1984 written by Centre de Documentation pour le Sport and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of a Circuit Weight Training Program on Selected Physiological Parameters in Female Distance Runners During the "off" Season by : Doreen Dressell
Download or read book The Effects of a Circuit Weight Training Program on Selected Physiological Parameters in Female Distance Runners During the "off" Season written by Doreen Dressell and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Altitude written by Erik R. Swenson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade the science and medicine of high altitude and hypoxia adaptation has seen great advances. High Altitude: Human Adaptation to Hypoxia addresses the challenges in dealing with the changes in human physiology and the particular medical conditions that arise from exposure to high altitude. In-depth and comprehensive chapters cover both the basic science and the clinical consequences of exposure to high altitude. Genetic, cellular, organ and whole body system responses to high altitudes are covered and chapters discuss these effects on a wide range of diseases. Expert authors provide insight into the care of patients with pre-existing medical conditions that fail in some cases to adapt as well as offer insights into how high altitude research can help critically ill patients. High Altitude: Human Adaptation to Hypoxia is an important new volume that offers a window into greater understanding and more successful treatment of hypoxic human diseases.
Book Synopsis Impact of Low Energy Availability on Ovarian Function, Training Adaptations, and the Acute Exercise Response in Female Runners by : Karine Schaal
Download or read book Impact of Low Energy Availability on Ovarian Function, Training Adaptations, and the Acute Exercise Response in Female Runners written by Karine Schaal and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practice of many endurance and aesthetic sports at a high level of competition imposes a very large energy expenditure on a daily basis. In certain sports, this energy demand can be so high that it becomes challenging for athletes to consume enough food to maintain adequate energy balance. In addition to this energetic challenge, many athletes partaking in these sports may strive to maintain a low body weight and minimize fat mass by restricting their energy intake, as a lean and light body type is thought to confer a performance advantage in weight-bearing endurance sports. Over time, the persistent mismatch between energy intake and expenditure leads such athletes into an energy-conserving, catabolic state. The direct endocrine and metabolic consequences of low energy availability are well documented, and include suppressed ovarian function, compromised bone health and immune function, and adverse changes in lipid profile and endothelial function. However, less attention has been paid to the impact that a hypometabolic state may have on the physiological response to exercise, training adaptations, and competitive performance outcomes in these women. Therefore, the studies presented in this dissertation aimed to 1), investigate the impact of both chronically low and acutely decreased energy availability on the neuroendocrine, cardiovascular and metabolic response to high intensity exercise in female runners, and 2), determine whether acutely decreased energy availability during a period of heavy training may increase the risk of developing a state of excessive fatigue, compromising training adaptations and performance outcomes. Chapter 1 presents a review of the existing literature on the endocrine-metabolic adaptations to low energy availability in exercising women, and discusses how low energy availability may also impair exercise performance and lead athletes to a state of excessive fatigue such as non-functional overreaching (NFOR) or overtraining syndrome (OTS). In Chapter 2, we compared the physiological response to exercise of female distance runners with hypothalamic amenorrhea (AM) with that of their eumenorrheic (EU), age and training-matched counterparts. We showed that AM runners’ catecholamine and lactate response to exercise was very strongly blunted compared to EU, together with a tendency for higher fatigue scores on the Profile of Mood States. These trends are similar to those previously reported in overtrained athletes, suggesting that the chronically hypometabolic state reflected by hypothalamic amenorrhea may predispose these athletes to excessive fatigue that may undermine high intensity exercise performance and training adaptations, despite their rigorous training regimen. In Chapter 3, we showed that in female runners reporting regular menstrual cycles, the ability to maintain their baseline energy availability through a 4 week period of intensified training (IT) was closely tied to the type of training adaptation obtained at the outcome of a 4-week phase of intensified training. Well adapted (WA) runners, who showed marked improvements in performance, successfully maintained their baseline EA during IT, as they reported an increase in perceived hunger and spontaneously increased their energy intake to match the increase in ExEE. By contrast, non-functionally overreached (NFOR) runners, who showed high perceived fatigue and prolonged impairment in running performance, showed no change in energy intake or hunger, resulting in a significant decrease in EA and plasma [leptin]. Furthermore, the magnitude of change in EA was strongly correlated to the change in running performance (R=0.61). Even though menstrual cycle length did not change, signs of ovarian suppression also appeared in NFOR, including decreased luteal phase length and reduced salivary [estradiol] at the mid-cycle peak and during the luteal phase. Finally NFOR runners did not show greater fat or weight loss than WA runners despite their energy-restricted state. Given the strong relationship between changes in EA during heavy training, and the type of training response obtained, this study highlights the importance, for NFOR-prone athletes, to increase their energy intake “by discipline”, as rather than to let their intake be solely be guided by changes in hunger. Finally, in Chapter 4, we described the changes in the physiological response to exercise of the same NFOR and WA runners. We showed that together with their impaired peak running performance, NFOR runners displayed blunted peak norepinephrine, epinephrine and lactate concentrations, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure responses at volitional exhaustion. They also showed a complete lack of any of the physiological adaptations to fixed submaximal running speeds that would be expected to occur as a result of IT, such as decreased sympathetic activation, heart rate or [lactate] at a given submaximal speeds - all desirable adaptations, that were observed in WA runners. By showing the drastic difference in training adaptations obtained between WA and NFOR runners, these findings highlight the importance of monitoring athletes closely during IT in attempt to avoid such excessive fatigue accumulation in susceptible individuals. Taken together, the studies presented here show that female runners maintaining either chronically low or acutely decreased energy availability are at increased risk of excessive fatigue accumulation that would severely undermine the fitness and performance gains intended from their rigorous training regimen. While the lack of menstrual periods in amenorrheic runners in Chapter 2 constitutes easily noticeable evidence of insufficient energy availability, the NFOR runners in Chapters 3 and 4 did not show any evident signs of energy conservation that would be easily noticed by the athletes themselves going about their daily lives; no increase in hunger, no significant weight loss, and seemingly regular, normal-length menstrual cycles. Therefore, NFOR-prone runners should be aware that a hypometabolic state may be the culprit for recurrent excessive fatigue, impairing performance and blunting training adaptations – while yielding no greater weight or fat loss than observed in their energy balanced, well adapted counterparts.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Negative Grade Interval Training on VO2max, Running Economy and Five Kilometer Run Time by : John Mitchell Figas
Download or read book The Effects of Negative Grade Interval Training on VO2max, Running Economy and Five Kilometer Run Time written by John Mitchell Figas and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of a High Intensity Exhaustive Run on Running Mechanics and Running Economy During Steady State Exercise in Women by : Deborah L. King
Download or read book The Effects of a High Intensity Exhaustive Run on Running Mechanics and Running Economy During Steady State Exercise in Women written by Deborah L. King and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia - Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks by : Olivier Girard
Download or read book High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia - Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks written by Olivier Girard and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, ‘traditional’ moderate-intensity continuous training (60-75% peak heart rate) was the type of physical activity most frequently recommended for both athletes and clinical populations (cf. American College of Sports Medicine guidelines). However, growing evidence indicates that high-intensity interval training (80-100% peak heart rate) could actually be associated with larger cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic function benefits and, thereby, physical performance gains for athletes. Similarly, recent data in obese and hypertensive individuals indicate that various mechanisms – further improvement in endothelial function, reductions in sympathetic neural activity, or in arterial stiffness – might be involved in the larger cardiovascular protective effects associated with training at high exercise intensities. Concerning hypoxic training, similar trends have been observed from ‘traditional’ prolonged altitude sojourns (‘Live High Train High’ or ‘Live High Train Low’), which result in increased hemoglobin mass and blood carrying capacity. Recent innovative ‘Live Low Train High’ methods (‘Resistance Training in Hypoxia’ or ‘Repeated Sprint Training in Hypoxia’) have resulted in peripheral adaptations, such as hypertrophy or delay in muscle fatigue. Other interventions inducing peripheral hypoxia, such as vascular occlusion during endurance/resistance training or remote ischemic preconditioning (i.e. succession of ischemia/reperfusion episodes), have been proposed as methods for improving subsequent exercise performance or altitude tolerance (e.g. reduced severity of acute-mountain sickness symptoms). Postulated mechanisms behind these metabolic, neuro-humoral, hemodynamics, and systemic adaptations include stimulation of nitric oxide synthase, increase in anti-oxidant enzymes, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, although the amount of evidence is not yet significant enough. Improved O2 delivery/utilization conferred by hypoxic training interventions might also be effective in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, as well as contributing to improve exercise tolerance and health status of patients. For example, in obese subjects, combining exercise with hypoxic exposure enhances the negative energy balance, which further reduces weight and improves cardio-metabolic health. In hypertensive patients, the larger lowering of blood pressure through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and the associated compensatory vasodilation is taken to reflect the superiority of exercising in hypoxia compared to normoxia. A hypoxic stimulus, in addition to exercise at high vs. moderate intensity, has the potential to further ameliorate various aspects of the vascular function, as observed in healthy populations. This may have clinical implications for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Key open questions are therefore of interest for patients suffering from chronic vascular or cellular hypoxia (e.g. work-rest or ischemia/reperfusion intermittent pattern; exercise intensity; hypoxic severity and exposure duration; type of hypoxia (normobaric vs. hypobaric); health risks; magnitude and maintenance of the benefits). Outside any potential beneficial effects of exercising in O2-deprived environments, there may also be long-term adverse consequences of chronic intermittent severe hypoxia. Sleep apnea syndrome, for instance, leads to oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately systemic inflammation. Postulated pathophysiological changes associated with intermittent hypoxic exposure include alteration in baroreflex activity, increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and hematocrit, changes in heart structure and function, and an alteration in endothelial-dependent vasodilation in cerebral and muscular arteries. There is a need to explore the combination of exercising in hypoxia and association of hypertension, developmental defects, neuro-pathological and neuro-cognitive deficits, enhanced susceptibility to oxidative injury, and possibly increased myocardial and cerebral infarction in individuals sensitive to hypoxic stress. The aim of this Research Topic is to shed more light on the transcriptional, vascular, hemodynamics, neuro-humoral, and systemic consequences of training at high intensities under various hypoxic conditions.
Download or read book Running written by Richard C. Crandall and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
