Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Temperature Dependence And Variability Of Fracture Toughness In The Transition Regime For A508 Grade 4n Pressure Vessel Steel
Download Temperature Dependence And Variability Of Fracture Toughness In The Transition Regime For A508 Grade 4n Pressure Vessel Steel full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Temperature Dependence And Variability Of Fracture Toughness In The Transition Regime For A508 Grade 4n Pressure Vessel Steel ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Temperature Dependence and Variability of Fracture Toughness in the Transition Regime for A508 Grade 4N Pressure Vessel Steel by : T. R. Leax
Download or read book Temperature Dependence and Variability of Fracture Toughness in the Transition Regime for A508 Grade 4N Pressure Vessel Steel written by T. R. Leax and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A508 Grade 4N is a high nickel (3.4 %) pressure vessel steel with a relatively high yield strength (585 MPa minimum for Class 1) and a relatively low transition temperature (47 J transition temperature of -29°C or below). Published fracture toughness data on this steel are nonexistent, and so they have not been included in prior assessments of the applicability of the Master Curve approach to pressure vessel steels. The purpose of this study is to compare the temperature dependence and data scatter for this steel with the behavior predicted by the Master Curve. The available database consists of approximately 800 fracture toughness tests on 51 material heats, some of which were given a temper embrittling heat treatment. As an additional basis of comparison, test data on A508 Grades 2 and 3, 1 % nickel weld metal, and several high nickel (1.3-3.8 %) steels (NiCrMo and NiCrMoV) were included in the assessment. Maximum likelihood techniques were used to fit the toughness data, and Monte Carlo methods were used to assess the observed distribution of Weibull slopes (related to the extent of variability). The results of this assessment show that the Master Curve provides a good description of the shape (temperature dependence) of the toughness curve for moderate and high transition temperatures. However, for heats with low transition temperatures below the range observed in other pressure vessel steels, the shape of the toughness curve deviates from the Master Curve. The lower the transition temperature, the larger the deviation from the Master Curve. Based on the test data, a model describing the behavior of A508 Grade 4N has been developed. This model also accurately describes the toughness behavior of the other pressure vessel steels included in this study. With respect to variability, the Weibull slope of A508 Grade 4N is consistent with the value of four prescribed by the Master Curve. However, the Weibull slope for the other pressure vessel steels included in this assessment is close to 3.4. This lower value of the Weibull slope, which indicates larger variability, is likely the result of material inhomogeneity.
Book Synopsis Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics by : Richard Edward Link
Download or read book Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics written by Richard Edward Link and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Temperature Dependence of the Fracture Toughness and the Cleavage Fracture Strength of a Pressure Vessel Steel by : H. Kotilainen
Download or read book Temperature Dependence of the Fracture Toughness and the Cleavage Fracture Strength of a Pressure Vessel Steel written by H. Kotilainen and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new model for the temperature dependence of the fracture toughness has been sought. It is based on the yielding processes at the crack tip, which are thought to be competitive with fracture. Using this method a good correlation between measured and calculated values of fracture toughness has been found for a Cr-Mo-V pressure vessel steel as well as for A533B. It has been thought that the application of this method can reduce the number of surveillance specimens in nuclear reactors.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Ductile Brittle Fracture Transition in Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels Using a Cohesive Zone Model Based Approach by :
Download or read book Modeling the Ductile Brittle Fracture Transition in Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels Using a Cohesive Zone Model Based Approach written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fracture properties of Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) steels show large variations with changes in temperature and irradiation levels. Brittle behavior is observed at lower temperatures and/or higher irradiation levels whereas ductile mode of failure is predominant at higher temperatures and/or lower irradiation levels. In addition to such temperature and radiation dependent fracture behavior, significant scatter in fracture toughness has also been observed. As a consequence of such variability in fracture behavior, accurate estimates of fracture properties of RPV steels are of utmost importance for safe and reliable operation of reactor pressure vessels. A cohesive zone based approach is being pursued in the present study where an attempt is made to obtain a unified law capturing both stable crack growth (ductile fracture) and unstable failure (cleavage fracture). The parameters of the constitutive model are dependent on both temperature and failure probability. The effect of irradiation has not been considered in the present study. The use of such a cohesive zone based approach would allow the modeling of explicit crack growth at both stable and unstable regimes of fracture. Also it would provide the possibility to incorporate more physical lower length scale models to predict DBT. Such a multi-scale approach would significantly improve the predictive capabilities of the model, which is still largely empirical.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Initiation Fracture Toughness of a Pressure Vessel Steel in the Transition Region by : SM. Graham
Download or read book Dynamic Initiation Fracture Toughness of a Pressure Vessel Steel in the Transition Region written by SM. Graham and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamic fracture toughness of an ASTM A533, Grade B steel plate was determined at several temperatures in the ductile-brittle transition region. Crack-tip loading rates ranged from approximately 103 to 105 MPa?m/s. The fracture toughness was shown to decrease with increased loading rate. The dynamic fracture toughness was compared with results from previous investigations and it was shown that the decrease in toughness due to increased loading rate at the highest test temperature was not as severe as reported in previous investigations. It was also shown that the reference temperature, T0, was a better index of the fracture toughness vs. temperature relationship than the nil-ductility temperature, RTNDT for this material.
Book Synopsis A Study of Variability, Size, and Temperature Effects on the Fracture Toughness of an Arctic-Grade Steel Plate by : B. Faucher
Download or read book A Study of Variability, Size, and Temperature Effects on the Fracture Toughness of an Arctic-Grade Steel Plate written by B. Faucher and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fracture toughness of a 75-mm-thick plate of an LT60 grade steel developed by Algoma Steel has been evaluated by three-point bend tests on specimens 10, 20, and 50 mm thick. The fracture toughness measured by the value of the J-integral at onset of cleavage fracture is higher with thin specimens than with thick ones. The statistical model of Tyson and Marandet describes the temperature dependence, the experimental scatter, and, to a considerable extent, the size dependence of fracture toughness. Loss of constraint in thin specimens may be significant when the size requirements of the ASTM Test Method for J1c, a Measure of Fracture Toughness (E 813-81) are not met.
Book Synopsis Study of the Effects of Various Geometrical and Loading Parameters on the Fracture Resistance Behaviour of a Reactor-Grade Pressure Vessel Steel in the Upper Shelf as Well as DBTT Regime by : M. K. Samal
Download or read book Study of the Effects of Various Geometrical and Loading Parameters on the Fracture Resistance Behaviour of a Reactor-Grade Pressure Vessel Steel in the Upper Shelf as Well as DBTT Regime written by M. K. Samal and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike mechanical properties, the fracture resistance behaviour of ductile materials depends upon the state of stress existing ahead of the growing crack-tip. For ductile materials, the fracture resistance, expressed in terms of J-R curve, goes on changing with crack growth. The J-R curves are influenced by the specimen geometry, size, crack-depth, and loading and boundary conditions, etc. Another complicacy arises in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature regime, where the fracture toughness exhibits considerable scatter and dependency upon temperature. For structural integrity analysis of safety-critical components, fracture resistance data are required in the upper-shelf as well as in the transition regime in order to account for the design-basis postulated accidental loading conditions. It may not always be possible to carry out fracture tests on real-life components due to several limitations, including those of irradiation environment apart from the prohibitive cost and time required for the tests. Finite element (FE) analysis of the components with postulated cracks and loading conditions offer an impressive alternative to safety-analysts. In this work, experiments were conducted on two different types of fracture mechanics specimens not only in the upper-shelf but also in the transition regime. The effect of crack-depth on the fracture behaviour was studied using shallow-cracked and deep-cracked specimens. The size effect was studied using specimens with different thickness values. The effect of specimen geometry and loading condition was studied using a compact-tension and a single-edged-notched-bend specimen. For the FE analysis, nonlocal Rousselier's damage model was used. We extensively studied the effects of several variables on the fracture toughness of a ferritic pressure vessel steel, which have not received much attention in the literature. Extensive experiments were conducted to verify the numerical simulation results of nonlocal damage models.
Book Synopsis Prediction of Characteristic Length and Fracture Toughness in Ductile-Brittle Transition by :
Download or read book Prediction of Characteristic Length and Fracture Toughness in Ductile-Brittle Transition written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finite element method was used to analyze the three-point bend experimental data of A533B-1 pressure vessel steel obtained by Sherry, Lidbury, and Beardsmore [1] from -160 to -45 C within the ductile-brittle transition regime. As many researchers have shown, the failure stress ([sigma]{sub f}) of the material could be approximated as a constant. The characteristic length, or the critical distance (r{sub c}) from the crack tip, at which [sigma]{sub f} is reached, is shown to be temperature dependent based on the crack tip stress field calculated by the finite element method. With the J-A2 two-parameter constraint theory in fracture mechanics, the fracture toughness (J{sub C} or K{sub JC}) can be expressed as a function of the constraint level (A2) and the critical distance r{sub c}. This relationship is used to predict the fracture toughness of A533B-1 in the ductile-brittle transition regime with a constant [sigma]{sub f} and a set of temperature-dependent r{sub c}. It can be shown that the prediction agrees well with the test data for wide range of constraint levels from shallow cracks (a/W= 0.075) to deep cracks (a/W= 0.5), where a is the crack length and W is the specimen width.
Book Synopsis Static Fracture Toughness Transition Temperature Relationshipsfor Modern PWR Pressure Vessel Steels by : T. Ingham
Download or read book Static Fracture Toughness Transition Temperature Relationshipsfor Modern PWR Pressure Vessel Steels written by T. Ingham and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamic Fracture Toughness Measurements in the Ductile-to- Brittle Region Using Small Specimens by : RE. Link
Download or read book Dynamic Fracture Toughness Measurements in the Ductile-to- Brittle Region Using Small Specimens written by RE. Link and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamic fracture toughness of a reactor pressure vessel steel was investigated using small specimens. Precracked Charpy-size SE(B) specimens and circumferentially cracked round bars (CRB) loaded in tension were used to investigate the dynamic fracture toughness of an A533, Gr. B steel plate within the ductile-brittle transition region. The specimens used in this investigation were removed from the broken halves of conventional 4T C(T) specimens that had been utilized in a previous investigation of the dynamic fracture toughness of this material. Crack-tip loading rates in excess of 104 MPa-m1/2/s were achieved in the current tests. Multiple specimens were tested at each temperature in order to permit the determination of the reference temperature, T0. A fracture toughness scaling model for the circumferentially cracked round bar developed by Sciabetta was used to account for the loss of constraint in this specimen. A master curve approach was used to characterize the dynamic toughness in the ductile-brittle region. The shift in transition temperature was compared to a model for the strain rate dependence of T0 developed by Wallin. The shift in transition temperature of the CRB specimen was accurately predicted by the model. The CRB specimen and the dynamic SE(B) specimens gave good results considering the material inhomogeneity typical of the plate tested.
Book Synopsis Static fracture toughness transition temperature relationships for 'modern' PWR pressure vessel steels by : T. Ingham
Download or read book Static fracture toughness transition temperature relationships for 'modern' PWR pressure vessel steels written by T. Ingham and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fracture Toughness Measurements in the Transition Regime Using Small Size Samples by : R. Chaouadi
Download or read book Fracture Toughness Measurements in the Transition Regime Using Small Size Samples written by R. Chaouadi and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present paper reports the treatment of fracture toughness data in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime by using Charpy size specimens. Size effect and statistical variation are taken into account according to a statistical model associated to the weakest link model. The methodology is first calibrated on a reference reactor pressure vessel material, for which fracture toughness data obtained on large samples are available. This methodology is successfully applied to a number of RPV steels to determine the fracture toughness behaviour in the transition regime. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to determine the confidence interval of the reference temperature as derived from a small number of tests.
Book Synopsis Fracture Toughness/temperature Transition Data for A533B-1 and A508-3 Steels by : T. Ingham
Download or read book Fracture Toughness/temperature Transition Data for A533B-1 and A508-3 Steels written by T. Ingham and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fracture Properties of Specially Heat-Treated ASTM A508 Class 2 Pressure Vessel Steel by : DJ. Alexander
Download or read book Fracture Properties of Specially Heat-Treated ASTM A508 Class 2 Pressure Vessel Steel written by DJ. Alexander and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanical properties of ASTM A508 Class 2 pressure vessel steel quenched and tempered to simulate the effects of irradiation have been measured. The tensile, Charpy impact, fracture toughness, and crack arrest properties were measured as a function of temperature. The fracture toughness was measured using 1T, 2T, and 4T compact specimens. The maximum dimensions of the 4T specimens exceeded the test cylinder thickness, so compound specimens were successfully fabricated by electron-beam welding arms to the material. Compact crack arrest specimens were used to determine the arrest toughness. Two sizes of specimens were tested: 150 by 150 by 32 mm and 75 by 75 by 25 mm. The larger specimens used a brittle weld bead and notch as the crack starter. Two different notches (blunt and fatigue precracked) were used with the smaller specimens. The blunt notch was not successful, but the fatigue-precracked specimens provided valid data without the need for warm prestressing. The results from the small fatigue-precracked specimens were consistent with the data from the larger weld-embrittled specimens.
Book Synopsis Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics by : Ravinder Chona
Download or read book Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics written by Ravinder Chona and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Constraint on Toughness of a Pressure Vessel Steel by : K. Edsinger
Download or read book The Effect of Constraint on Toughness of a Pressure Vessel Steel written by K. Edsinger and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One-third-sized pre-cracked Charpy bars (MPCC, a/W ~ 0.5) were tested over a range of temperatures. Initiation by unstable fracture or extensive pop-in/arrest events took place in the low and intermediate temperature/toughness regime; at higher temperatures/toughness levels, crack growth was limited to blunting/local damage. The small specimen toughness curve is shifted down in temperature and has steeper transition slopes compared with data for larger compact tension (CT) specimens from the literature. Full size pre-cracked Charpy (PCC) specimens with a/W ratios of nominally 0.1 and 0.5 were tested at -73°C. The toughness for PCCs with a/W = 0.1 was higher by factors of 2 to 4. Confocal microscopy (CM), fracture reconstruction (FR) and finite element method (FEM) simulations were used to evaluate the local conditions at cleavage fracture. For a/W = 0.5 (PCC and MPCC), initiation took place at a single critical stress-critical area criteria independent of size and temperature. However, for the a/W = 0.1 specimens, the critical stress was lower with a correspondingly larger critical area. This is consistent with the reduced stress field present in shallow cracks. Failure by cleavage initiation at a lower critical stress is tentatively attributed to the effects of higher local strains modifying cleavage conditions.
Book Synopsis Dislocation Mechanics Basis and Stress State Dependency of the Master Curve by : M. Wagenhofer
Download or read book Dislocation Mechanics Basis and Stress State Dependency of the Master Curve written by M. Wagenhofer and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Master Curve approach to characterizing fracture toughness transition behavior of pressure vessel steels is based on statistical analysis of empirical data and not on a physics-based understanding of the fracture behavior of these steels. While there is an over-abundance of empirical data that supports the idea of a single curve shape for all pressure vessel steels, this cannot replace the need for solid physical modeling. The lack of fracture toughness data for a considerable proportion of the nuclear fleet suggests that a purely empirical argument cannot validate the Master Curve for all conditions of interest. In order to validate the Master Curve approach research has been undertaken to provide a physical understanding of the fracture behavior of pressure vessel steels. This will provide the basis for defining the limits of the Master Curve as well as for enabling extrapolation of the Master Curve model to other material conditions with only limited testing. A previous paper [1] detailed a dislocation mechanics-based constitutive model approach to describe the link between microstructure and temperature dependence of flow and fracture toughness behavior. In this paper, the strain to fracture under the appropriate stress state will be discussed in terms of the dislocation mechanics-based constitutive models and the effect on the shape of the Master Curve.
