Teleology And Modernity

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Teleology and Modernity

Author : William Gibson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351141864
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis Teleology and Modernity by : William Gibson

Download or read book Teleology and Modernity written by William Gibson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-31 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main and original contribution of this volume is to offer a discussion of teleology through the prism of religion, philosophy and history. The goal is to incorporate teleology within discussions across these three disciplines rather than restrict it to one as is customarily the case. The chapters cover a wide range of topics, from individual teleologies to collective ones; ideas put forward by the French aristocrat Arthur de Gobineau and the Scottish philosopher David Hume, by the Anglican theologian and founder of Methodism, John Wesley, and the English naturalist Charles Darwin.

Teleology

Author : Jeffrey K. McDonough
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190845732
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Teleology by : Jeffrey K. McDonough

Download or read book Teleology written by Jeffrey K. McDonough and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-08 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teleology is the belief that some things happen, or exist for the sake of other things. It is the belief that, for example, salmon swim upstream in order to spawn, and that bears have claws for the sake of catching fish. This volume takes up the intuitive yet puzzling concept of teleology as it has been treated by philosophers from ancient times to the present day. It includes nine main chapters centered on the treatment of teleology in Plato, Aristotle, the Islamic medieval tradition, the Jewish medieval tradition, the Latin medieval tradition, the early modern era, Kant, Hegel, and contemporary philosophy. Each chapter probes central questions such as: is teleology inherent in its subjects or is it imposed on them from the outside? Does teleology necessarily involve intentionality, that is, a subject's cognizing some end, goal, or purpose? What is the scope of teleology? Is it, for example, applicable to elements and animals, or only to rational beings? Finally, is teleology explanatory? When we say that salmon swim upstream in order to spawn, have we explained why they swim upstream? When we say that bears have claws for catching fish, have we explained why bears have claws? The philosophical discussions of the main chapters are enlivened and contextualized by four reflection pieces exploring the implications of teleology in medicine, art, poetry, and music.

Sexual Myths of Modernity

Author : Alison M. Moore
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 1498530737
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Sexual Myths of Modernity by : Alison M. Moore

Download or read book Sexual Myths of Modernity written by Alison M. Moore and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2015-11-19 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion of sexual sadism emerged from nineteenth-century alienist attempts to imagine the pleasure of the torturer or mass killer. This was a time in which sexuality was mapped to social progress, so that perversions were always related either to degeneration or decadence. These ideas were internalized in later Freudian views of the drives within the self, and of their repression under the demands of modern European civilization. Sadism was always presented as the barbarous past that lurked within each of us, ready to burst forth into murderous violence, crime, anti-Semitism, and finally genocide. This idea maintained its currency in European thought after the Second World War as Freudian-influenced accounts of the history of philosophy configured the Marquis de Sade as a kind of Kantian “superego” in a framework that viewed the Western Enlightenment as unraveled by its own inner demons. In this way, a straight line was imagined from the late eighteenth century to the Holocaust. These ideas have had an ongoing legacy in debates about sexual perversion, feminism, genocide representation, and historical memory of Nazism. However, recent genocide research has massively debunked assumptions that perpetrators of mass violence are especially sexually motivated in their cruelty. This book considers how the late twentieth-century imagination eroticized Nazism for its own ends, but also how it has been informed by nineteenth-century formulations of the idea of mass violence as a sexual problem.

God and Design

Author : Neil A. Manson
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1134574606
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (345 download)

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Book Synopsis God and Design by : Neil A. Manson

Download or read book God and Design written by Neil A. Manson and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent discoveries in physics, cosmology, and biochemistry have captured the public imagination and made the Design Argument - the theory that God created the world according to a specific plan - the object of renewed scientific and philosophical interest. This accessible but serious introduction to the design problem brings together new perspectives from prominent scientists and philosophers including Paul Davies, Richard Swinburne, Sir Martin Rees, Michael Behe, Elliot Sober and Peter van Inwagen. It probes the relationship between modern science and religious belief, considering their points of conflict and their many points of similarity. Is the real God of creationism the 'master clockmaker' who sets the world's mechanism on a perfectly enduring course, or a miraculous presence who continually intervenes in and alters the world we know? Are science and faith, or evolution and creation, really in conflict at all? Expanding the parameters of a lively and urgent debate, God and Design considers how perennial questions of origin continue to fascinate and disturb us.

Historical Teleologies in the Modern World

Author : Henning Trüper
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1474221084
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Teleologies in the Modern World by : Henning Trüper

Download or read book Historical Teleologies in the Modern World written by Henning Trüper and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-24 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historical Teleologies in the Modern World tracks the fragmentation and proliferation of teleological understandings of history – the notion that history had to be explained as a goal-directed process – in Europe and beyond throughout the 19th and into the 20th century. Historical teleologies have profoundly informed a variety of other disciplines, including modern philosophy, natural history, literature, humanitarian and religious philanthropism, the political thought and practice of revolution, emancipation, imperialism, colonialism and anti-colonialism, the conceptualization of universal humankind, and the understanding of modernity in general. By exploring the extension and plurality of historical teleology, the essays in this volume revise the history of historicity in the modern period. Historical Teleologies in the Modern World casts doubt on the idea that a single, if powerful, conception of time could function as the unifying principle of all modern historicity, instead pursuing an investigation of the plurality of modern historicities and its underlying structures. By bringing together Western and non-Western histories, this book provides the first extended treatment of the idea of historical teleology. It will be of great value to students and scholars of modern global and intellectual history.

The Strategy of Life

Author : T. Lenoir
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9789027713636
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis The Strategy of Life by : T. Lenoir

Download or read book The Strategy of Life written by T. Lenoir and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1982-09-30 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teleological thinking has been steadfastly resisted by modern biology. And yet, in nearly every area of research biologists are hard pressed to find language that does not impute purposiveness to living forms. The life of the individual organism, if not life itself, seems to make use of a variety of strate gems in achieving its purposes. But in an age when physical models dominate our imagination and when physics itself has become accustomed to uncertainty relations and complementarity, biologists have learned to live with a kind of schizophrenic language, employing terms like 'selfish genes' and 'survival machines' to describe the behavior of organisms as if they were somehow purposive yet all the while intending that they are highly complicated mechanisms. The present study treats a period in the history of the life sciences when the imputation of purposiveness to biological organization was not regarded an embarrassment but rather an accepted fact, and when the principal goal was to reap the benefits of mechanistic explanations by finding a. means of in corporating them within the guidelines of a teleological fmmework. Whereas the history of German biology in the early nineteenth century is usually dismissed as an unfortunate era dominated by arid speculation, the present study aims to reverse that judgment by showing that a consistent, workable program of research was elaborated by a well-connected group of German biologists and that it was based squarely on the unification of teleological and mechanistic models of explanation.

Explanation and Teleology in Aristotle's Science of Nature

Author : Mariska Leunissen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139490419
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Explanation and Teleology in Aristotle's Science of Nature by : Mariska Leunissen

Download or read book Explanation and Teleology in Aristotle's Science of Nature written by Mariska Leunissen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Aristotle's teleological view of the world, natural things come to be and are present for the sake of some function or end (for example, wings are present in birds for the sake of flying). Whereas much of recent scholarship has focused on uncovering the (meta-)physical underpinnings of Aristotle's teleology and its contrasts with his notions of chance and necessity, this book examines Aristotle's use of the theory of natural teleology in producing explanations of natural phenomena. Close analyses of Aristotle's natural treatises and his Posterior Analytics show what methods are used for the discovery of functions or ends that figure in teleological explanations, how these explanations are structured, and how well they work in making sense of phenomena. The book will be valuable for all who are interested in Aristotle's natural science, his philosophy of science, and his biology.

Aristotle on Teleology

Author : Monte Ransome Johnson
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191536504
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Aristotle on Teleology by : Monte Ransome Johnson

Download or read book Aristotle on Teleology written by Monte Ransome Johnson and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2005-11-03 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monte Johnson examines one of the most controversial aspects of Aristiotle's natural philosophy: his teleology. Is teleology about causation or explanation? Does it exclude or obviate mechanism, determinism, or materialism? Is it focused on the good of individual organisms, or is god or man the ultimate end of all processes and entities? Is teleology restricted to living things, or does it apply to the cosmos as a whole? Does it identify objectively existent causes in the world, or is it merely a heuristic for our understanding of other causal processes? Johnson argues that Aristotle's aporetic approach drives a middle course between these traditional oppositions, and avoids the dilemma, frequently urged against teleology, between backwards causation and anthropomorphism. Although these issues have been debated with extraordinary depth by Aristotle scholars, and touched upon by many in the wider philosophical and scientific community as well, there has been no comprehensive historical treatment of the issue. Aristotle is commonly considered the inventor of teleology, although the precise term originated in the eighteenth century. But if teleology means the use of ends and goals in natural science, then Aristotle was rather a critical innovator of teleological explanation. Teleological notions were widespread among his predecessors, but Aristotle rejected their conception of extrinsic causes such as mind or god as the primary causes for natural things. Aristotle's radical alternative was to assert nature itself as an internal principle of change and an end, and his teleological explanations focus on the intrinsic ends of natural substances - those ends that benefit the natural thing itself. Aristotle's use of ends was subsequently conflated with incompatible 'teleological' notions, including proofs for the existence of a providential or designer god, vitalism and animism, opposition to mechanism and non-teleological causation, and anthropocentrism. Johnson addresses these misconceptions through an elaboration of Aristotle's methodological statements, as well as an examination of the explanations actually offered in the scientific works.

Reasons and Purposes

Author : G. F. Schueler
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191530530
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasons and Purposes by : G. F. Schueler

Download or read book Reasons and Purposes written by G. F. Schueler and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2003-01-16 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People do things for reasons. But philosophers have disagreed sharply about how 'reasons explanations' of actions actually work and hence about their implications for human freedom and autonomy. The dominant view in contemporary philosophy is the (Humean) idea that the beliefs and desires that constitute our reasons for acting simply cause us to act as we do. Fred Schueler seeks to replace such causal views, arguing that they leave out two essential elements of these explanations. Reasons explanations are inherently teleological in the sense that the agent's reasons always explain the purpose for which he acted. They are also inherently normative since it is always possible that an agent's reasons for doing something are not good reasons. Schueler argues that causal accounts of reasons explanations make no sense of either of these features; he argues instead for an account based on practical deliberation, our ability to evaluate the reasons we accept.

Ethics in the Conflicts of Modernity

Author : Alasdair MacIntyre
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110717645X
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethics in the Conflicts of Modernity by : Alasdair MacIntyre

Download or read book Ethics in the Conflicts of Modernity written by Alasdair MacIntyre and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-14 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MacIntyre explores the philosophical, political, and moral issues encountered in understanding what the virtues require in contemporary social contexts.

Ontology, Epistemology, and Teleology for Modeling and Simulation

Author : Andreas Tolk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642311407
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Ontology, Epistemology, and Teleology for Modeling and Simulation by : Andreas Tolk

Download or read book Ontology, Epistemology, and Teleology for Modeling and Simulation written by Andreas Tolk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-10 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, internationally recognized experts in philosophy of science, computer science, and modeling and simulation are contributing to the discussion on how ontology, epistemology, and teleology will contribute to enable the next generation of intelligent modeling and simulation applications. It is well understood that a simulation can provide the technical means to display the behavior of a system over time, including following observed trends to predict future possible states, but how reliable and trustworthy are such predictions? The questions about what we can know (ontology), how we gain new knowledge (epistemology), and what we do with this knowledge (teleology) are therefore illuminated from these very different perspectives, as each experts uses a different facet to look at these challenges. The result of bringing these perspectives into one book is a challenging compendium that gives room for a spectrum of challenges: from general philosophy questions, such as can we use modeling and simulation and other computational means at all to discover new knowledge, down to computational methods to improve semantic interoperability between systems or methods addressing how to apply the recent insights of service oriented approaches to support distributed artificial intelligence. As such, this book has been compiled as an entry point to new domains for students, scholars, and practitioners and to raise the curiosity in them to learn more to fully address the topics of ontology, epistemology, and teleology from philosophical, computational, and conceptual viewpoints.

The Sentences

Author : Peter Lombard (Bishop of Paris)
Publisher : Sapientia Press Ave Maria Univ
ISBN 13 : 9781932589740
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sentences by : Peter Lombard (Bishop of Paris)

Download or read book The Sentences written by Peter Lombard (Bishop of Paris) and published by Sapientia Press Ave Maria Univ. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although he wrote sermons, letters, and commentaries on Holy Scripture, Lombard's Four Books of Sentences (1148-51) established his reputation and subsequent fame, earning him the title of magister senteniarum ("master of the sentences: ). The Sentences, a collection of teachings of the Church Fathers and opinions of medieval masters arranged as a systematic treatise, marked the culmination of a long tradition of theological pedagogy, and until the 16th century it was the official textbook in the universities. Hundreds of scholars wrote commentaries on it, including the celebrated philosopher St. Thomas Aquinas.

The Modern Turn

Author : Michael Rohlf
Publisher : CUA Press
ISBN 13 : 0813230055
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis The Modern Turn by : Michael Rohlf

Download or read book The Modern Turn written by Michael Rohlf and published by CUA Press. This book was released on 2017-12 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the modern turn in philosophy? In other words, what are the features that make modern philosophy distinctively “modern” in contrast with the pre-modern philosophy from which it emerged – for example, medieval scholasticism, Renaissance philosophy, and ancient Greek and Roman thought? How did the modern turn in philosophy transpire? That is, what did specific philosophers contribute that shaped the distinctive character of modern philosophy? The twelve essays in this volume seek to address these questions, and in doing so they exemplify and contribute to a rich debate about the nature and value of modern philosophy. This volume approaches the modern turn not as an event that occurred all at once, but rather as a series of shifts in different areas of philosophy at different times. The essays are arranged broadly in chronological order of the topics they treat. Among the themes that recur most often in these essays are, first, that modern philosophy is characteristically preoccupied with questions about foundations and, second, that it ultimately prioritizes practice over theory. But the virtues of this text is in presenting a wide range or perspectives on modern philosophy – what constitutes it as modern, when it arose, and what its shortcomings may be.

Experience and Teleology in Ancient Historiography

Author : Jonas Grethlein
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107040280
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Experience and Teleology in Ancient Historiography by : Jonas Grethlein

Download or read book Experience and Teleology in Ancient Historiography written by Jonas Grethlein and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-17 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the tension in ancient historiography between teleological design and narrating the past as it was experienced by historical characters.

The Teleology of Action in Plato's Republic

Author : Andrew Payne
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019252397X
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Teleology of Action in Plato's Republic by : Andrew Payne

Download or read book The Teleology of Action in Plato's Republic written by Andrew Payne and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many discussions of ancient philosophy, teleology is acknowledged as an important theme. How do we act for a particular end or purpose? One common answer describes humans as acting with the intention of achieving a goal. A person selects particular actions with the thought that these actions will lead to that goal. Andrew Payne accepts that this is one good answer to our question but proposes that it is not the only one. In Plato's Republic, Socrates appeals to a different understanding of how humans act for the sake of ends as they live together in political communities and pursue knowledge. As they carry out activities that are necessary for human flourishing, their actions can produce unintended results that signal the full completion of human capacities. For example, performing the actions of a just individual can help promote the establishment of a just society as an unintended result. Such unintended results qualify as ends or purposes of human action. This volume fully explores this functional teleology of action in Plato's Republic.

Mind and Cosmos

Author : Thomas Nagel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199919755
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Mind and Cosmos by : Thomas Nagel

Download or read book Mind and Cosmos written by Thomas Nagel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-22 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The modern materialist approach to life has conspicuously failed to explain such central mind-related features of our world as consciousness, intentionality, meaning, and value. This failure to account for something so integral to nature as mind, argues philosopher Thomas Nagel, is a major problem, threatening to unravel the entire naturalistic world picture, extending to biology, evolutionary theory, and cosmology. Since minds are features of biological systems that have developed through evolution, the standard materialist version of evolutionary biology is fundamentally incomplete. And the cosmological history that led to the origin of life and the coming into existence of the conditions for evolution cannot be a merely materialist history, either. An adequate conception of nature would have to explain the appearance in the universe of materially irreducible conscious minds, as such. Nagel's skepticism is not based on religious belief or on a belief in any definite alternative. In Mind and Cosmos, he does suggest that if the materialist account is wrong, then principles of a different kind may also be at work in the history of nature, principles of the growth of order that are in their logical form teleological rather than mechanistic. In spite of the great achievements of the physical sciences, reductive materialism is a world view ripe for displacement. Nagel shows that to recognize its limits is the first step in looking for alternatives, or at least in being open to their possibility.

Vital Forces, Teleology and Organization

Author : Andrea Gambarotto
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319654152
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Vital Forces, Teleology and Organization by : Andrea Gambarotto

Download or read book Vital Forces, Teleology and Organization written by Andrea Gambarotto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-03 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive account of vitalism and the Romantic philosophy of nature. The author explores the rise of biology as a unified science in Germany by reconstructing the history of the notion of “vital force,” starting from the mid-eighteenth through the early nineteenth century. Further, he argues that Romantic Naturphilosophie played a crucial role in the rise of biology in Germany, especially thanks to its treatment of teleology. In fact, both post-Kantian philosophers and naturalists were guided by teleological principles in defining the object of biological research. The book begins by considering the problem of generation, focusing on the debate over the notion of “formative force.” Readers are invited to engage with the epistemological status of this formative force, i.e. the question of the principle behind organization. The second chapter provides a reconstruction of the physiology of vital forces as it was elaborated in the mid- to late-eighteenth century by the group of physicians and naturalists known as the “Göttingen School.” Readers are shown how these authors developed an understanding of the animal kingdom as a graded series of organisms with increasing functional complexity. Chapter three tracks the development of such framework in Romantic Naturphilosophie. The author introduces the reader to the problem of classification, showing how Romantic philosophers of nature regarded classification as articulated by a unified plan that connects all living forms with one another, relying on the idea of living nature as a universal organism. In the closing chapter, this analysis shows how the three instances of pre-biological discourse on living beings – theory of generation, physiology and natural history – converged to form the consolidated disciplinary matrix of a general biology. The book offers an insightful read for all scholars interested in classical German philosophy, especially those researching the philosophy of nature, as well as the history and philosophy of biology.