Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Techno Economic Analysis Of Biochemical Scenarios For Production Of Cellulosic Ethanol
Download Techno Economic Analysis Of Biochemical Scenarios For Production Of Cellulosic Ethanol full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Techno Economic Analysis Of Biochemical Scenarios For Production Of Cellulosic Ethanol ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Techno-economic Analysis of Biochemical Scenarios for Production of Cellulosic Ethanol by :
Download or read book Techno-economic Analysis of Biochemical Scenarios for Production of Cellulosic Ethanol written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A techno-economic analysis on the production of cellulosic ethanol by fermentation was conducted to understand the viability of liquid biofuel production processes within the next 5-8 years. Initially, 35 technologies were reviewed, then a two-step down selection was performed to choose scenarios to be evaluated in a more detailed economic analysis. The lignocellulosic ethanol process was selected because it is well studied and portions of the process have been tested at pilot scales. Seven process variations were selected and examined in detail. Process designs were constrained to public data published in 2007 or earlier, without projecting for future process improvements. Economic analysis was performed for an 'nth plant' (mature technology) to obtain total investment and product value (PV). Sensitivity analysis was performed on PV to assess the impact of variations in process and economic parameters. Results show that the modeled dilute acid pretreatment process without any downstream process variation had the lowest PV of $3.40/gal of ethanol ($5.15/gallon of gasoline equivalent) in 2007 dollars. Sensitivity analysis shows that PV is most sensitive to feedstock and enzyme costs.
Book Synopsis Techno-economic Analysis of Biochemical Scenarios for Production of Cellulosic Ethanol by :
Download or read book Techno-economic Analysis of Biochemical Scenarios for Production of Cellulosic Ethanol written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A techno-economic analysis on the production of cellulosic ethanol by fermentation was conducted to understand the viability of liquid biofuel production processes within the next 5-8 years. Initially, 35 technologies were reviewed, then a two-step down selection was performed to choose scenarios to be evaluated in a more detailed economic analysis. The lignocellulosic ethanol process was selected because it is well studied and portions of the process have been tested at pilot scales. Seven process variations were selected and examined in detail. Process designs were constrained to public data published in 2007 or earlier, without projecting for future process improvements. Economic analysis was performed for an 'nth plant' (mature technology) to obtain total investment and product value (PV). Sensitivity analysis was performed on PV to assess the impact of variations in process and economic parameters. Results show that the modeled dilute acid pretreatment process without any downstream process variation had the lowest PV of $3.40/gal of ethanol ($5.15/gallon of gasoline equivalent) in 2007 dollars. Sensitivity analysis shows that PV is most sensitive to feedstock and enzyme costs.
Book Synopsis Techno-economic Analysis for Production of Sugarcane Cellulosic Ethanol in Brazil by : Tiago De Assis
Download or read book Techno-economic Analysis for Production of Sugarcane Cellulosic Ethanol in Brazil written by Tiago De Assis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Techno-economic Implications of Fed-batch Enzymatic Hydrolysis by : Ellen Emanuel
Download or read book Techno-economic Implications of Fed-batch Enzymatic Hydrolysis written by Ellen Emanuel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As ethanol production continues to increase in the United States, cellulosic ethanol continues to gain traction as a viable option for meeting ethanol demands. In this work, a literature review of techno-economic analyses for cellulosic ethanol was conducted. It was found that pretreatment methods greatly affect the ethanol production costs. There is a lack of techno-economic data comparing a batch enzymatic hydrolysis to a fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis for a separate hydrolysis and fermentation production process. Consequently, a techno-economic analysis comparing cellulosic ethanol production using batch versus fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted. SuperPro Designer software (Intelligen, Scotch Plains, New Jersey), a process simulation tool, was used to simulate ethanol production. The simulation revealed that the biggest difference between batch and fed-batch hydrolysis was facilities costs, which decreased by 41% when using fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis. A sensitivity analysis revealed that our ethanol production costs were most sensitive to the cost of the corn stover biomass. In general our results support the idea that fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis does improve the techno-economics of cellulosic ethanol production, even if the improvements came in process steps we did not expect.
Book Synopsis A Techno-economic Analysis of Ethanol Production from Hydrolysis of Cellulose with Nanoscale Magnetic Solid Acid Catalysts by : Trevor Joseph Ault
Download or read book A Techno-economic Analysis of Ethanol Production from Hydrolysis of Cellulose with Nanoscale Magnetic Solid Acid Catalysts written by Trevor Joseph Ault and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acid catalysts have been shown to be very successful in the pretreatment of cellulosic biomass to improve glucose yield and improve overall yield of ethanol. This report presents the results of a techno-economic study that looks into the use of nanoscale magnetic solid acid catalysts for glucose production. Magnetic solid acid catalysts are an improvement over using diluted acid due to eliminating acid-waste generation and corrosion hazards. Their magnetic nature also allows them to be easily separated from reaction products by an external magnetic force. After the technology is analyzed, a series of unit operations is proposed to go from the laboratory scale to the industrial plant scale. The next step was to develop material and energy balances using HYSYS process simulation software. Capital and operating costs are estimated and all the information is combined into a discounted cash flow economic model. The economic portion of the report uses a probabilistic cost assessment. It is used to quantify the range of risks in the project from swings in feedstock costs, differences in yield from catalysts, and any other significant variables. Both capital costs (initial equipment & construction investment) and operating costs (feedstock supply, chemicals, and personnell) are included with ranges of error based on databases and expert opinion. This method of evaluating investment efficiency can be helpful for predicting the cost benefits of proposed future research. The yield and percent catalyst magnetically recovered is assumed based on laboratory research to simplify the model. A 2000 metric tons of biomass per day facility was analyzed. Using the magnetic solid acid catalyst technology, the capital costs are estimated to be $160 million and this technology saves around 10% of capital costs compared to ethanol plants that uses conventional acid hydrolysis. The yield of the magnetic solid acid catalysts should be around 75% to compete with existing ethanol technologies. The metric used for this report is the discount profitability index (DPI) which is the ratio of future cash flows divided by investment. A DPI "hurdle rate" of 1.3 is used, which is similar to industry economic metrics of projects that include new process plants. The calculated DPI for the project is 1.38 DPI which is higher than using conventional cellulose treatment technologies. The recommendation is continue to study this technology's large scale applicability before attempting any plant pilot studies.
Book Synopsis Techno-economic Comparison of Hot Water and Dilute Acid Pretreatment for Biochemical Production of Ethanol from Corn Stover and Evaluation of Alternative Scenarios to Purchasing Cellulase Enzymes by : Joshua A. Fortman
Download or read book Techno-economic Comparison of Hot Water and Dilute Acid Pretreatment for Biochemical Production of Ethanol from Corn Stover and Evaluation of Alternative Scenarios to Purchasing Cellulase Enzymes written by Joshua A. Fortman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ethanol Production, Current Facts, Future Scenarios, and Techno-Economic Assessment of Different Biorefinery Configurations by : Jes√∫s David Coral Medina
Download or read book Ethanol Production, Current Facts, Future Scenarios, and Techno-Economic Assessment of Different Biorefinery Configurations written by Jes√∫s David Coral Medina and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, the continuous depletion of non-renewable resources of fuels and chemicals has promoted the research and development of different alternatives for the replacement of fossil resources as the feedstock of fuels and chemicals. At present, one of the most important biofuels in the current economy, is bioethanol, contributing to 65% of the total biofuels production. The production of bioethanol is an attractive alternative because it would be produced using indigenous and native raw material, therefore, the socioeconomic impact mainly in developing countries would be measured by the economic incomes and increase the quality of life of small and middle farmers. The first-generation ethanol production from sugarcane, corn, or beet sugar is broadly implemented at an industrial scale. However, the second-generation ethanol (2GE) is currently still in development stages, looking for different alternatives according to each region under study. The 2GE is also subject of diverse opinions about its economic viability and its real impact on the environment, especially due to the CO2 footprint. Consequently, this chapter has presented an overview of 2GE production, the possibilities of co-production of molecules of high value-added, and their economic and environmental assessment, including CO2 release, water consumption, solid residues disposal, and economic analysis to determine the best bioethanol based biorefinery configuration.
Book Synopsis Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol by : Deepak Kumar
Download or read book Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol written by Deepak Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstock has been under intense scrutiny as a transportation fuel due to its potential to address concerns of increasing energy consumption, limited fossil energy resources, climate changes due to greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels, and especially use of non-food biomaterials, which address the biggest limitation of first generation bioethanol. Despite these advantages, the lignocellulosic ethanol production on commercial scale is still on verge because of high processing costs of ethanol production. In the biochemical conversion process, biomass is converted to ethanol by sequential steps of pretreatment (to reduce the recalcitrance of biomass), hydrolysis (conversion of sugar polymers to monomers) and fermentation (sugars to ethanol). Every year, about a million ton of grass straw is available as agricultural residue in Pacific Northwest. There were no previous comprehensive studies to evaluate the technical feasibility, economic viability and environmental sustainability of the bioethanol produced using grass straw in Willamette valley. The focus of this dissertation was to investigate the potential of cellulosic ethanol production from grass straw, assess the techno-economic viability and environmental impacts of the bioethanol production and development of a stochastic molecular model for modeling cellulose hydrolysis. This dissertation was divided into four studies focused on individual aspects of the overall objective. The first study evaluated the ethanol production potential from straws produced from three major grass seed varieties (perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and bentgrass (Agrostis sp.)) in Pacific Northwest. Feedstocks were pretreated using three chemical pretreatments (dilute acid, dilute alkali, and hot water) and subsequently hydrolyzed enzymatically to investigate the effect of pretreatment and estimate the potential ethanol yields. Carbohydrate content in biomass varied from 40.6 to 52.9%, with tall fescue having the maximum cellulose content of 32.4%. All pretreatment were effective in increasing the hydrolysis yields, and theoretical maximum ethanol yields were in the range of 276 to 360 L per ton of biomass. The second study performed the comprehensive techno-economic analysis of ethanol production from tall fescue using dilute acid, dilute alkali, hot water, and steam explosion pretreatment technologies. Detailed process models incorporating all unit operations in lignocellulosic ethanol plant with 250,000 metric ton biomass/ year processing capacity were developed in SuperPro Designer. The ethanol production cost were estimated from $0.81 to $0.88/ L of ethanol, and were found highly sensitive to biomass price, enzyme cost, and pentose sugar fermentation efficiency. Energy from lignin residue burning was found sufficient to meet the steam requirement in the production process. Third study performed the life cycle assessment for bioethanol production from grass straw considering various pretreatment technology options. The study revealed that ethanol production from grass straw provide environmental benefits compared to use of gasoline, with 57.43-112.67% reduction in fossil energy use to produce 10,000 MJ of fuel. The GHG emissions during life cycle of ethanol production were estimated in the range of -131 to -555.4 kg CO2 eq. per 10,000 MJ of fuel. It was observed that assumptions and allocation procedure used during the analysis had a significant effect on the LCA results. During the techno-economic assessment of bioethanol process, it was found that cost of cellulose enzymes was significant fraction of the total ethanol production cost. A comprehensive enzymatic hydrolysis model can play critical role in optimizing the enzyme composition and dosage, improving understanding of the process mechanism and reducing the cost of enzymes, a major bottleneck in the ethanol production process. A novel approach of stochastic molecular modeling, in which each hydrolysis event is translated into a discrete event, was used to develop a mechanistic model for cellulose hydrolysis in the fourth study. Cellulose structure was modeled as a group of microfibrils consisting of elementary fibrils bundles, where each elementary fibril was represented as a three dimensional matrix of glucose molecules. Major structural properties: crystallinity, degree of polymerization, surface accessibility, and enzyme characteristics: mode of action, binding and surface blockage, inhibition, along with the dynamic morphological changes in structure of cellulose were incorporated in the model. Hydrolysis of cellulose was simulated based on Monte Carlo simulation technique. Hydrolysis results predicted by model simulations had shown a good fit with the experimental data from hydrolysis of pure cellulose using purified enzymes for various hydrolysis conditions. The model was effective in capturing the dynamic behavior of cellulose hydrolysis during action of individual as well as multiple cellulases. Model was able to simulate and validate all the important expected experimental observations: effect of structural properties, enzyme inhibition and enzyme loadings on the hydrolysis and degree of synergism on different substrates. The work from this dissertation proved the significance of choosing technology options, drew a comparison among different pretreatment technologies, identified the critical processes and inputs that have significant effect on the ethanol production cost, net energy, and GHG emissions. Results from the last study confirmed the validity of using the stochastic molecular modeling approach to quantitatively and qualitatively describe the cellulose hydrolysis, which has wide potential application in bioethanol production research to reduce the enzyme cost.
Book Synopsis Cellulosic Ethanol from Switchgrass - Cost Analysis - Ethanol E81A by : Intratec
Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Switchgrass - Cost Analysis - Ethanol E81A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from switchgrass based on a biochemical conversion process. The process examined is similar to the process reported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This process involves the following steps in the production of hydrous Ethanol: biomass pretreatment with dilute acid and ammonia conditioning; enzymatic hydrolysis; and fermentation. Electricity is also generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Humbird, D., et al., "Process Design and Economics for Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol, " Report NREL/TP-5100-47764, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 2011 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, 2nd Generation, Cellulosic Sugar, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Author :Marcos Silveira Buckeridge Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :0387927409 Total Pages :272 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (879 download)
Book Synopsis Routes to Cellulosic Ethanol by : Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
Download or read book Routes to Cellulosic Ethanol written by Marcos Silveira Buckeridge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-07 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The perception that civilization is crossing a period of Global Climatic Changes that can seriously threaten our lifestyle, along with energy security and the search for prosperity, are the main drivers that are pushing men to use more biomass as a source of energy. It will be crucial that such intent will include a large parcel of sustainability so that more renewable energy becomes available for populations. Because large amounts of energy are “hidden” in carbon polymers made by plants, notably carbohydrates, it is obvious that if technologies are developed to produce liquid fuels such as ethanol from carbohydrate polymers such as cellulose, men could significantly increase energy sustainability . This book reviews general aspects of biomass utilization for bioenergy production as well as strategies using biochemistry, molecular biology, chemistry and physics to disassemble plant cell walls. Recent discoveries of basic science under development in several laboratories in the world are reviewed by experts that have been intensively working with many aspects that will impact the development of the technology of production of cellulosic ethanol.
Book Synopsis 12th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering and 25th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering by :
Download or read book 12th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering and 25th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-07-14 with total page 2667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 25th European Symposium on Computer-Aided Process Engineering contains the papers presented at the 12th Process Systems Engineering (PSE) and 25th European Society of Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) Joint Event held in Copenhagen, Denmark, 31 May - 4 June 2015. The purpose of these series is to bring together the international community of researchers and engineers who are interested in computing-based methods in process engineering. This conference highlights the contributions of the PSE/CAPE community towards the sustainability of modern society. Contributors from academia and industry establish the core products of PSE/CAPE, define the new and changing scope of our results, and future challenges. Plenary and keynote lectures discuss real-world challenges (globalization, energy, environment, and health) and contribute to discussions on the widening scope of PSE/CAPE versus the consolidation of the core topics of PSE/CAPE. Highlights how the Process Systems Engineering/Computer-Aided Process Engineering community contributes to the sustainability of modern society Presents findings and discussions from both the 12th Process Systems Engineering (PSE) and 25th European Society of Computer-Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) Events Establishes the core products of Process Systems Engineering/Computer Aided Process Engineering Defines the future challenges of the Process Systems Engineering/Computer Aided Process Engineering community
Book Synopsis Cellulosic Ethanol from Corn Stover - Cost Analysis - Ethanol E12A by : Intratec
Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Corn Stover - Cost Analysis - Ethanol E12A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from corn stover based on a biochemical conversion process The process examined is similar to the process reported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This process involves the following steps in the production of hydrous Ethanol: corn stover pretreatment with dilute acid and overliming; enzymatic hydrolysis; and fermentation. Electricity is also generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Aden, A., et al., "Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol Process Design and Economics Utilizing Co-Current Dilute Acid Prehydrolysis and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Corn Stover", Report NREL/TP-510-32438, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2002 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Book Synopsis Lignocellulose Conversion by : Vincenza Faraco
Download or read book Lignocellulose Conversion written by Vincenza Faraco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioethanol has been recognized as a potential alternative to petroleum-derived transportation fuels. Even if cellulosic biomass is less expensive than corn and sugarcane, the higher costs for its conversion make the near-term price of cellulosic ethanol higher than that of corn ethanol and even more than that of sugarcane ethanol. Conventional process for bioethanol production from lignocellulose includes a chemical/physical pre-treatment of lignocellulose for lignin removal, mostly based on auto hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis, followed by saccharification of the free accessible cellulose portions of the biomass. The highest yields of fermentable sugars from cellulose portion are achieved by means of enzymatic hydrolysis, currently carried out using a mix of cellulases from the fungus Trichoderma reesei. Reduction of (hemi)cellulases production costs is strongly required to increase competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production. The final step is the fermentation of sugars obtained from saccharification, typically performed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The current process is optimized for 6-carbon sugars fermentation, since most of yeasts cannot ferment 5-carbon sugars. Thus, research is aimed at exploring new engineered yeasts abilities to co-ferment 5- and 6-carbon sugars. Among the main routes to advance cellulosic ethanol, consolidate bio-processing, namely direct conversion of biomass into ethanol by a genetically modified microbes, holds tremendous potential to reduce ethanol production costs. Finally, the use of all the components of lignocellulose to produce a large spectra of biobased products is another challenge for further improving competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production, developing a biorefinery.
Book Synopsis The Impacts of Xylitol Production from Hemicellulose Residues by : Kelsey Gerbrandt
Download or read book The Impacts of Xylitol Production from Hemicellulose Residues written by Kelsey Gerbrandt and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellulosic ethanol is a promising low-carbon replacement for transportation fuels. The viability of commercial cellulosic ethanol production is restricted by high process costs. The inclusion of xylitol as a high-value co-product was investigated as a strategy to offset the high process costs and provide additional environmental benefits to the production of cellulosic ethanol. Two pathways for xylitol production are studied: chemical hydrogenation and biological fermentation. Additional scenarios based on process structure and performance are constructed for both pathways to assess the assumptions and limitations of the process designs. Results show that while xylitol hydrogenation can improve the environmental performance of cellulosic ethanol, fermentation may have the greater potential for improvements, pending the development of inhibitor tolerant organisms, though results are location dependent. Both hydrogenation and fermentation have the potential to improve the techno-economic performance of cellulosic ethanol, though hydrogenation may offer greater improvements in the near-term.
Book Synopsis Cellulosic Ethanol from Corn Stover - Cost Analysis - Ethanol E11A by : Intratec
Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Corn Stover - Cost Analysis - Ethanol E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-05-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from corn stover via a biochemical conversion process. The process examined is similar to the process reported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This process involves the following steps in the production of hydrous Ethanol: corn stover pretreatment with dilute acid and ammonia conditioning; enzymatic hydrolysis; and fermentation. Electricity is also generated as by-product. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Humbird, D., et al., "Process Design and Economics for Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol, " Report NREL/TP-5100-47764, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 2011 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, 2nd Generation, Cellulosic Sugar, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Book Synopsis Green Fuels Technology by : Carlos Ricardo Soccol
Download or read book Green Fuels Technology written by Carlos Ricardo Soccol and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents key recent developments in biofuel policy, products, processes, patents and innovative technologies. It presents several case studies, which maximize reader insights into how innovative green energy technologies can be implemented on an industrial scale, with illustrations, photos and new approaches. It also analyzes in detail several different technological aspects of the research into and production of green fuels from the first, second and third generation, such as, bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, biobutanol, biofuels from pyrolysis, and discusses their economic and environmental impacts. A new source of information for engineers, technicians and students involved in production and research in the biofuels sector, this book also provides a valuable resource for industry, covering the current and future status of biofuels.
Download or read book Biorefineries written by Nasib Qureshi and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-08-19 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biorefineries outlines the processes and steps to successfully scale up production of two types of biofuels, butanol and ethanol, from cellulosic residues for commercial purposes. It covers practical topics, including biomass availability, pretreatment, fermentation, and water recycling, as well as policy and economic factors. This reflects the unique expertise of the editor team, whose backgrounds range from wood and herbaceous feedstocks to process economics and industrial expertise. The strategies presented in this book help readers to design integrated and efficient processes to reduce the cost of production and achieve an economically viable end product Outlines the economic benefits of designing a single operational process. Includes all currently available processes on pretreatment, fermentation and recovery Covers all pretreatment, fermentation, and product recovery options Focuses on biofuels but acts as a stepping stone to develop cost-efficient processes for an array of commodity chemicals
