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Download or read book Tarsal Organ Morphology and the Phylogeny of Goblin Spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), with Notes on Basal Genera. (American Museum Novitates, No. 3736). written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Norman I. Platnick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (778 download)
Download or read book Tarsal Organ Morphology and the Phylogeny of Goblin Spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), with Notes on Basal Genera written by Norman I. Platnick and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a survey of a wide variety of oonopid genera and outgroups, we hypothesize new synapomorphies uniting the Oonopidae (minus the South African genus Calculus Purcell, which is transferred to the Orsolobidae). The groundplan of the tarsal organ in Oonopidae is hypothesized to be an exposed organ with a distinctive, longitudinal ridge originating from the proximal end of the organ, and a serially dimorphic pattern of 4-4-3-3 raised receptors on legs I-IV, respectively. Such organs typify the diverse, basal, and ancient genus Orchestina Simon. Several other genera whose members resemble Orchestina in retaining two plesiomorphic features (an H-shaped, transverse eye arrangement and a heavily sclerotized, thick-walled sperm duct within the male palp) are united by having tarsal organs that are partly (in the case of Cortestina Knoflach) or fully capsulate (in the case of Sulsula Simon, Xiombarg Brignoli, and Unicorn Platnick and Brescovit). The remaining oonopids are united by the loss of the heavily sclerotized palpal sperm duct, presumably reflecting a significant transformation in palpal mechanics. Within that large assemblage, a 4-4-3-3 tarsal organ receptor pattern and an H-shaped eye arrangement seem to be retained only in the New Zealand genus Kapitia Forster; the remaining genera are apparently united by a reduction in the tarsal organ pattern to 3-3-2-2 raised receptors on legs I-IV and by the acquisition of a clumped eye arrangement. Three subfamilies of oonopids are recognized: Orchestininae Chamberlin and Ivie (containing only Orchestina; Ferchestina Saaristo and Marusik is placed as a junior synonym of Orchestina), Sulsulinae, new subfamily (containing Sulsula, Xiombarg, Unicorn, and Cortestina), and Oonopinae Simon (containing all the remaining genera, including those previously placed in the Gamasomorphinae). The type species of Sulsula and Kapitia, S. pauper (O. P.-Cambridge) and K. obscura Forster, are redescribed, and the female of S. pauper is described for the first time. A new sulsuline genus, Dalmasula, is established for Sulsula parvimana Simon and four new species from Namibia and South Africa.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (778 download)
Download or read book Tarsal Organ Morphology and the Phylogeny of Goblin Spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), with Notes on Basal Genera written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a survey of a wide variety of oonopid genera and outgroups, we hypothesize new synapomorphies uniting the Oonopidae (minus the South African genus Calculus Purcell, which is transferred to the Orsolobidae). The groundplan of the tarsal organ in Oonopidae is hypothesized to be an exposed organ with a distinctive, longitudinal ridge originating from the proximal end of the organ, and a serially dimorphic pattern of 4-4-3-3 raised receptors on legs I-IV, respectively. Such organs typify the diverse, basal, and ancient genus Orchestina Simon. Several other genera whose members resemble Orchestina in retaining two plesiomorphic features (an H-shaped, transverse eye arrangement and a heavily sclerotized, thick-walled sperm duct within the male palp) are united by having tarsal organs that are partly (in the case of Cortestina Knoflach) or fully capsulate (in the case of Sulsula Simon, Xiombarg Brignoli, and Unicorn Platnick and Brescovit). The remaining oonopids are united by the loss of the heavily sclerotized palpal sperm duct, presumably reflecting a significant transformation in palpal mechanics. Within that large assemblage, a 4-4-3-3 tarsal organ receptor pattern and an H-shaped eye arrangement seem to be retained only in the New Zealand genus Kapitia Forster; the remaining genera are apparently united by a reduction in the tarsal organ pattern to 3-3-2-2 raised receptors on legs I-IV and by the acquisition of a clumped eye arrangement. Three subfamilies of oonopids are recognized: Orchestininae Chamberlin and Ivie (containing only Orchestina; Ferchestina Saaristo and Marusik is placed as a junior synonym of Orchestina), Sulsulinae, new subfamily (containing Sulsula, Xiombarg, Unicorn, and Cortestina), and Oonopinae Simon (containing all the remaining genera, including those previously placed in the Gamasomorphinae). The type species of Sulsula and Kapitia, S. pauper (O.P.-Cambridge) and K. obscura Forster, are redescribed, and the female of S. pauper is described for the first time. A new sulsuline genus, Dalmasula, is established for Sulsula parvimana Simon and four new species from Namibia and South Africa.
Author : Carmen Viera
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319657178
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Behaviour and Ecology of Spiders written by Carmen Viera and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the last few decades, arachnology in the Neotropical region has experienced a great development filling the knowledge gap in one of the most diverse regions of the world. Nevertheless, large geographical areas remain poorly sampled, especially within the Amazon, and new genera and species have been continuously discovered, even in urban areas. In congruence with the recent improvements in research, several aspects of the ecology, behaviour and natural history of spiders, such as interactions with other predators and parasitoids, social interactions, dispersal patterns, habitat requirements, mating behaviors, among others, are being carefully investigated. These recent contributions incorporate substantial information on the preexisting knowledge on these subjects every year. Our main objective with this book is to present a summary on these new researches and on the currently knowledge on the main subjects involved in the general theme, emphasizing the contribution of the rich fauna of the Neotropical region to the research of behaviour and ecology of the spiders.
Author : David Penney
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0957453019
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (574 download)
Download or read book Spider Research in the 21st Century written by David Penney and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The result is a great increase in multi-disciplinary research and novel avenues incorporating spiders as model organisms.
Author : Wouter Fannes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book The Goblin Spider Genus Zyngoonops (Araneae, Oonopidae), with Notes on Related Taxa written by Wouter Fannes and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goblin spider genus Zyngoonops Benoit, 1977 is revised. The type and hitherto only species, Z. clandestinus Benoit from the Democratic Republic of Congo (D.R.C.), is redescribed on the basis of topotypical material. Nine new species are described from the D.R.C. (Z. moffetti, Z. redii, Z. goedaerti, Z. rockoxi, Z. beatriceae, Z. chambersi, Z. swammerdami, Z. marki) and the Central African Republic (Z. walcotti). Members of Zyngoonops show remarkable modifications of the sternum and pedicel tube: the sternum has two heavily sclerotized posterior extensions, and the pedicel tube has a protruding ventral lip. The female genitalia are complex, consisting of an epigastric scape, two uterine sclerites, and a long genital duct. In most species, the distal part of the duct is highly coiled. Males resemble those of Antoonops Fannes and Jocqué and Coxapopha Platnick in having elaborately modified endites, a pair of pleural flaps, and a carapace with extended anterolateral corners. The type species of Coxapopha is redescribed, and new images of the female genitalia of Antoonops and Coxapopha are provided. A cladistic analysis of morphological characters provides support for the monophyly of Zyngoonops and identifies Z. redii as the most basal species of the genus.
Author : Beata Eichenberger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (73 download)
Download or read book Phylogeny and Diversity of an Enigmatic Group of Goblin Spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae: Genus Gamasomorpha) written by Beata Eichenberger and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Goblin Spider Genus Zyngoonops (Araneae, Oonopidae), with Notes on Related Taxa. (Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History, No. 379). written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Goblin Spider Genera Stenoonops and Australoonops (Araneae, Oonopidae), with Notes on Related Taxa. (Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History, No. 340). written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Marco Thoma
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781775573845
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (738 download)
Download or read book The New Southeast Asian Goblin Spider Genus Aposphragisma (Araneae, Oonopidae) written by Marco Thoma and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Luis N. Piacentini
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book An Update of the Goblin Spider Genus Birabenella Grismado, 2010 (Araneae, Oonopidae), with the Description of Three New Species written by Luis N. Piacentini and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The taxonomy of the poorly known South American goblin spider genus Birabenella Grismado (Araneae: Oonopidae) is updated in light of recently collected material. Three new species are described: B. kamanchaca, from northern Chile, B. portai, from northwestern Argentina, and B. chincha, from southern Peru, where the genus is reported for the first time. The diagnosis of the genus is updated; the presence of the ventral digitiform projection on the male copulatory bulb in the three newly described species supports this character as a putative synapomorphy for the genus. Additionally, all species in this genus possess unipectinate tarsal claws. Preliminary observations indicate that there is some degree of variability in tarsal organ morphology.
Author : Norman I. Platnick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (75 download)
Download or read book The Goblin Spider Genera Stenoonops and Australoonops (Araneae, Oonopidae), with Notes on Related Taxa written by Norman I. Platnick and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goblin spider genus Stenoonops Simon is relimited to include those spineless oonopids with a soft abdomen but a well-sclerotized cephalothorax, elevated and pointed sternal extensions separated by distinct grooves, and a dorsal, distal clump of short setae on the male and female palpal tarsi. Most of the 19 species currently assigned to Stenoonops belong elsewhere; the 14 misplaced species include members of six other genera. As relimited, Stenoonops comprises 23 species and is circum-Caribbean in distribution. The Mediterranean type species of Oonopinus Simon, O. angustatus (Simon), is poorly known, but none of the New World taxa that have been placed in Oonopinus are actually congeneric with O. angustatus. Oonopinus pretiosus Bryant is transferred to Stenoonops; O. centralis Gertsch and O. modestus Chickering are transferred to Theotima (Ochyroceratidae). The genus Scaphioides Bryant is removed from the synonymy of Stenoonops; S. minutus Chamberlin and Ivie from Florida, S. reductus (Bryant) and S. nitens Bryant from the Virgin Islands, S. cletus Chickering and S. hoffi Chickering from Jamaica, S. phonetus Chickering and S. econotus Chickering from Puerto Rico, and S. halatus Chickering from Antigua are transferred from Stenoonops to Scaphioides. Members of two other genera resemble those of Stenoonops but lack distinct grooves between the sternal projections. In the new genus Longoonops, also circum-Caribbean, the posterior median eyes are elongated and color patterns often occur on the abdomen or legs; Stenoonops padiscus Chickering, from Jamaica, is transferred to Longoonops. In Australoonops Hewitt, the seam between the male palpal bulb and cymbium has been lost; females of the type species, A. granulatus Hewitt from South Africa, are described for the first time. New species are described in all three genera, including 17 species of Stenoonops (S. peckorum from Florida, S. alazan and S. cabo from Mexico, S. belmopan from Belize, S. murphyorum from Costa Rica, S. canita from Panama, S. tayrona and S. kochalkai from Colombia and Venezuela, S. bimini from the Bahama Islands, S. mandeville from Jamaica, S. jara from Hispaniola, S. luquillo from Puerto Rico, S.saintjohn, S. tortola, and S. exgord from the Virgin Islands, S. saba from Saba Island, and S. simla from Trinidad), three species of Longoonops (L. bicolor from Nicaragua and Costa Rica, L. chickeringi from Panama, and L. gorda from the Virgin Islands), and two species of Australoonops (A. skaife and A. haddadi from South Africa and Mozambique).
Author : Norman I. Platnick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (472 download)
Download or read book The Goblin Spider Genus Heteroonops (Araneae, Oonopidae), with Notes on Oonops written by Norman I. Platnick and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goblin spider genus Heteroonops is relimited to include those soft-bodied oonopids with anteriorly situated, posteriorly directed projections on the endites of males, and elongated, highly spinose pedipalps in females, and is hypothesized to be natively circum-Caribbean. The type species, H. spinimanus (Simon), has attained a pantropical distribution, has been known only from females, and has therefore been hypothesized to be parthenogenetic. Although the species may have some parthenogenetic populations, males have apparently been collected together with females twice, once in the Seychelle Islands and once in Florida. We therefore place Matyotia tetraspinosus Saaristo (a monotypic genus and species established for that Seychelle specimen) as the male (and hence a junior synonym) of H. spinimanus; Oonopinus hunus Suman, described from Hawaii, is also newly synonymized with H. spinimanus, which is newly recorded from Mexico, the Bahama Islands, Colombia, Madeira, Madagascar, the Marquesas Islands, the Cook Islands, Pitcairn Island, Fiji, New Caledonia, and Queensland. Four specific names are transferred to Heteroonops: Oonops singulus Gertsch and Davis (from Mexico), O. validus Bryant (from Hispaniola), O. castellus Chickering (from the Virgin Islands), and O. delegenus Chickering (from Puerto Rico); H. delegenus is placed as a junior synonym of H. castellus, and the female of H. validus is described for the first time. Ten new species are described: H. murphyorum from Costa Rica, H. andros from the Bahama Islands, H. spinigata from Jamaica, H. vega, H. iviei, and H. castelloides from Hispaniola, H. toro from Puerto Rico, H. croix from the Virgin Islands, H. saba from Saba and Montserrat, and H. macaque from Dominica. Because the status of Heteroonops as a genus separate from Oonops Templeton has been questioned, we present a redescription of the family's type species, Oonops pulcher Templeton, based on topotypical specimens from Scotland; it is unlikely that any of the plethora of New World species that have been assigned to Oonops are actually congeneric with O. pulcher.
Author : Norman I. Platnick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (472 download)
Download or read book The Goblin Spider Genus Heteroonops (Araneae, Oonopidae), with Notes on Oonops written by Norman I. Platnick and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goblin spider genus Heteroonops is relimited to include those soft-bodied oonopids with anteriorly situated, posteriorly directed projections on the endites of males, and elongated, highly spinose pedipalps in females, and is hypothesized to be natively circum-Caribbean. The type species, H. spinimanus (Simon), has attained a pantropical distribution, has been known only from females, and has therefore been hypothesized to be parthenogenetic. Although the species may have some parthenogenetic populations, males have apparently been collected together with females twice, once in the Seychelle Islands and once in Florida. We therefore place Matyotia tetraspinosus Saaristo (a monotypic genus and species established for that Seychelle specimen) as the male (and hence a junior synonym) of H. spinimanus; Oonopinus hunus Suman, described from Hawaii, is also newly synonymized with H. spinimanus, which is newly recorded from Mexico, the Bahama Islands, Colombia, Madeira, Madagascar, the Marquesas Islands, the Cook Islands, Pitcairn Island, Fiji, New Caledonia, and Queensland. Four specific names are transferred to Heteroonops: Oonops singulus Gertsch and Davis (from Mexico), O. validus Bryant (from Hispaniola), O. castellus Chickering (from the Virgin Islands), and O. delegenus Chickering (from Puerto Rico); H. delegenus is placed as a junior synonym of H. castellus, and the female of H. validus is described for the first time. Ten new species are described: H. murphyorum from Costa Rica, H. andros from the Bahama Islands, H. spinigata from Jamaica, H. vega, H. iviei, and H. castelloides from Hispaniola, H. toro from Puerto Rico, H. croix from the Virgin Islands, H. saba from Saba and Montserrat, and H. macaque from Dominica. Because the status of Heteroonops as a genus separate from Oonops Templeton has been questioned, we present a redescription of the family's type species, Oonops pulcher Templeton, based on topotypical specimens from Scotland; it is unlikely that any of the plethora of New World species that have been assigned to Oonops are actually congeneric with O. pulcher.
Author : Elisabeth Lipke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (922 download)
Download or read book Evolutionary Morphology of the Primary Male Reproductive System and Spermatozoa of Goblin Spiders (Oonopidae; Araneae) written by Elisabeth Lipke and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Goblin spiders (Oonopidae Simon, 1890) are distributed worldwide and among the most species-rich spider taxa. However, goblin spiders are understudied in many aspects and their phylogenetic relationships are not well resolved. As previously shown for numerous other spider groups the male and female reproductive system bears many characters of phylogenetic relevance. Moreover, the diversity of sperm structures within spiders is astonishingly diverse and often taxon specific. In the present study, we analyzed the primary male reproductive system and spermatozoa of goblin spiders for the first time. We investigated 18 species of 13 genera representing the subfamilies Orchestininae and Oonopinae by means of light and transmission electron microscopy. We scored 44 characters from the gross morphology of the reproductive system as well as spermatozoa including four new characters for the male spider reproductive system. All investigated species transfer sperm as synspermia, a method corroborating with the recently proposed "Synspermiata" clade unifying all ecribellate Haplogynae. Furthermore, goblin spiders show by far the highest diversity of sperm structures in spiders. In total, we recovered 30 unambiguous synapomorphies for different oonopid taxa. In a comparison with all other spider taxa studied to date, we identified the longest sperm (Neoxyphinus termitophilus) and longest sperm conjugates (Orchestina). Moreover and most remarkable is the presence of aflagellate sperm in Opopaea apicalis, which is the first report of the loss of a sperm flagellum in tetrapulmonate arachnids. These findings are of high interest not only because of their phylogenetic implications, but also with regard to their contribution to our understanding of postcopulatory sexual selection in spiders.
Author : Marco Thoma (Biologe.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (69 download)
Download or read book Aposphragisma, a new genus of goblin spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae) from South-East Asia written by Marco Thoma (Biologe.) and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : N©thomas M. Feitosa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781776701308
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Twenty-Seven Species of the Goblin Spider Genus Neoxyphinus Birab©n, 1953 (Araneae: Oonopidae) from Brazil written by N©thomas M. Feitosa and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
