Talking Financial Inclusion in Liberalised India

Download Talking Financial Inclusion in Liberalised India PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1351336819
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Talking Financial Inclusion in Liberalised India by : M. S. Sriram

Download or read book Talking Financial Inclusion in Liberalised India written by M. S. Sriram and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-10-04 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a set of conversations with five former Governors of Reserve Bank of India (from 1992 onwards) on the topic of financial inclusion. Two key aspects are introduced in the conversations with each Governor: the initiatives that were undertaken during their tenure and their responses to some of the current issues. Further, they examine the reasons and justifications for significant decisions and measures that were undertaken or withheld. The discussion captures the evolution and approach of the central bank in addressing a variety of questions pertaining to financial inclusion. The volume is an important contribution to the study of India’s continuous but not entirely successful efforts in increasing the reach of its formal financial sector. It reconstructs how the policy approach to inclusive banking has progressed and resisted commercial and market imperatives to safeguard the deprived and dispossessed sections of society. With its wide-ranging blend of conversations, documentation, research and commentary coupled with its engaging style, the book will interest students and researchers in the areas of development, banking, macroeconomics, public administration and governance, as well as academics, analysts, policymakers, think tanks, journalists, media and those concerned with the Indian economic policy.

Talking Financial Inclusion in Liberalised India

Download Talking Financial Inclusion in Liberalised India PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780203703885
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Talking Financial Inclusion in Liberalised India by : M. S. Sriram

Download or read book Talking Financial Inclusion in Liberalised India written by M. S. Sriram and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book presents a set of conversations with five former Governors of Reserve Bank of India (from 1992 onwards) on the topic of financial inclusion. Two key aspects are introduced in the conversations with each Governor: the initiatives that were undertaken during their tenure and their responses to some of the current issues. Further, they examine the reasons and justifications for significant decisions and measures that were undertaken or withheld. The discussion captures the evolution and approach of the central bank in addressing a variety of questions pertaining to financial inclusion. The volume is an important contribution to the study of India’s continuous but not entirely successful efforts in increasing the reach of its formal financial sector. It reconstructs how the policy approach to inclusive banking has progressed and resisted commercial and market imperatives to safeguard the deprived and dispossessed sections of society. With its wide-ranging blend of conversations, documentation, research and commentary coupled with its engaging style, the book will interest students and researchers in the areas of development, banking, macroeconomics, public administration and governance, as well as academics, analysts, policymakers, think tanks, journalists, media and those concerned with the Indian economic policy. "--Provided by publisher.

Inclusive Finance India Report 2017

Download Inclusive Finance India Report 2017 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited
ISBN 13 : 9789352805815
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (58 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Inclusive Finance India Report 2017 by : M. S. Sriram

Download or read book Inclusive Finance India Report 2017 written by M. S. Sriram and published by SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inclusive Finance India Report 2017 provides in-depth, well-researched and well-analysed evidence on how the financial inclusion agenda has progressed at various levels. The report covers a review of the performance of diverse institutional initiatives working in inclusive finance—banks, specialised banks, self-help groups and microfinance institutions. It also covers the initiatives in technology that address last-mile delivery as well as provides an overview of new initiatives. This report focuses on a larger landscape of financial inclusion while continuing to report progress on microfinance in mainstream financial inclusion activity. It tracks the growth of financial inclusion across institutional structures and delivery models, provides a better understanding of the complexities of the sector, and contributes to the policy development process on inclusive finance. It informs banks and investors—both national and international, brings forth key issues that require the attention of the financial sector as well as of policy makers, highlights the positive impact of the sector, and identifies policy and practice gaps on an annual basis. The report involves participation by the RBI, Ministry of Finance, banks, apex financial institutions, technology service providers, business correspondents and diverse delivery models. It serves the dual purpose of informing the policy formulation process as well as providing perspective on the practice of financial inclusion in India. This is the best reference book on the annual trends and progress of the financial inclusion and microfinance sector. It includes data-based analysis of all streams of financial inclusion, with most current information in terms of numbers and developments. It is a must-read for every practitioner in the financial inclusion value chain.

FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDIA

Download FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDIA PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1312328649
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (123 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDIA by : DR.S.V. SHINDE

Download or read book FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDIA written by DR.S.V. SHINDE and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Inclusive Finance India Report 2016

Download Inclusive Finance India Report 2016 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited
ISBN 13 : 9789386062192
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (621 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Inclusive Finance India Report 2016 by : M. S. Sriram

Download or read book Inclusive Finance India Report 2016 written by M. S. Sriram and published by SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inclusive Finance India Report 2016 provides in-depth, well-researched, and well-analyzed evidence on how the financial inclusion agenda has progressed at various levels. The report covers a review of the performance of diverse institutional initiatives working in inclusive finance—banks, specialized banks, self-help groups, and microfinance institutions. It also covers the initiatives in technology that address last-mile delivery as well as provides an overview of new initiatives. The report focuses on a larger landscape of financial inclusion while continuing to report progress on microfinance in mainstream financial inclusion activity. It tracks the growth of financial inclusion across institutional structures and delivery models, provides a better understanding of the complexities of the sector, and contributes and informs the policy development process on inclusive finance. It also informs banks and investors, both national and international; highlights key issues that require the attention of the financial sector and policymakers; highlights the positive impact of the sector; and identifies policy and practice gaps on an annual basis. The report involves participation by the RBI, Ministry of Finance, banks, apex financial institutions, technology service providers, business correspondents, and diverse delivery models. This is the best reference book on the annual trends and progress of the financial inclusion and microfinance sector. It includes data-based analysis of all streams of financial inclusion with the most current information in terms of numbers and developments and is a must read for every practitioner in the financial inclusion value chain.

Inclusive Finance India Report 2015

Download Inclusive Finance India Report 2015 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited
ISBN 13 : 9789351508663
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (86 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Inclusive Finance India Report 2015 by : M. S. Sriram

Download or read book Inclusive Finance India Report 2015 written by M. S. Sriram and published by SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the Government of India and Reserve Bank of India taking several bold initiatives for financial inclusion in the country, it is important to analyze the factors that advance or impede India’s progress. Inclusive Finance India Report 2015 reviews and traces the advancement of financial inclusion in India. Moreover, the report brings together varying perspectives, policy prescriptions and practices around financial inclusion, along with a critical appraisal of the emerging financial inclusion architecture in India. This involves customer-facing and back-end technology solutions as well as a range of different stakeholders such as banks, regional rural banks, cooperative banks, the postal network, microfinance institutions, self-help groups and the players solving the last mile problem. In publication since 2006, this report provides a detailed review of the status of implementation of financial inclusion plans, the progress made by various channels of inclusion and the direction of policy initiatives. This year, its scope has been expanded to include two more significant verticals—the postal network and its contribution to inclusive finance as well as urban cooperative banks.

The Role of Financial Inclusion for Reaching Sustainable Development Goals

Download The Role of Financial Inclusion for Reaching Sustainable Development Goals PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (693 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Role of Financial Inclusion for Reaching Sustainable Development Goals by : Jungo, João

Download or read book The Role of Financial Inclusion for Reaching Sustainable Development Goals written by Jungo, João and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-02-12 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today's world, financial inclusion has emerged as a critical tool for fostering inclusive economic growth and achieving sustainable development goals. The Role of Financial Inclusion for Reaching Sustainable Development Goals presents a comprehensive exploration of the subject, offering a vital resource for anyone seeking to grasp the intricacies of this dynamic and evolving field. This book assembles a collection of cutting-edge research on financial inclusion, featuring contributions from diverse contributing authors with expertise in various aspects of finance and economics. The volume is structured to examine the main trends and challenges surrounding financial inclusion, while shedding light on its implications for different economies and societies. From the determinants of financial inclusion to its effects on economic agents, financial institutions, and entire economies, each chapter delves into crucial questions, exploring both the theoretical and empirical aspects of the topic. By examining the challenges and implications of financial inclusion in an international context, this book emerges as a relevant and timely reference for policymakers, academics, and financial professionals alike. This book emphasizes the broader social and political impact of financial inclusion, discussing its correlation with issues such as gender inequality, education expenses, health expenses, access to water and sanitation, environmental inequality, and energy needs.

Inclusive Banking In India

Download Inclusive Banking In India PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813367970
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Inclusive Banking In India by : Lalitagauri Kulkarni

Download or read book Inclusive Banking In India written by Lalitagauri Kulkarni and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the gaps in the present institutional structure of inclusive finance framework in India. It provides a comprehensive review of the role of banks in financial inclusion policy and micro-finance landscape in India at present. It identifies the key issues within the banking system which prove to be obstacles in the way of achieving financial inclusion and sustainable growth. The book conceptualizes inclusive banking, delves into the theoretical foundations thereof and suggests an institutional framework to avoid overlapping of their functions in order to ensure profitability. It reviews the existing market structure and competition in the inclusive finance arena while considering the role of banks, micro-finance institutions and SHGs in financing the poor. The book proposes a distinct change to the existing business model, examines the bank business model for inclusion and how the banks can and should treat the micro lending clientele as their core client base to counter the issues of profitability and competition in today’s banking sector. It also discusses some of the latest initiatives in inclusive finance and the importance of entrepreneurship development experiments in India and their efficacy in comparison with the micro-lending model.

Governance and Policy Transformations in Central Banking

Download Governance and Policy Transformations in Central Banking PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (693 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Governance and Policy Transformations in Central Banking by : Ahmed, Farhan

Download or read book Governance and Policy Transformations in Central Banking written by Ahmed, Farhan and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-02-07 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In central banking, the need for effective governance and policy transformations has never been more pressing. Central banks serve as the bedrock of a nation's financial stability, and yet, they face an array of complex challenges in the modern era. The delicate balance between autonomy from government influence and the necessity of adapting to external economic forces has become increasingly elusive. As the world grapples with the aftermath of a global pandemic and persistent economic turbulence, the demand for innovative strategies to safeguard economic and financial stability has reached a crescendo. Central bankers, economists, and policy experts are left grappling with the daunting task of navigating these treacherous waters, in dire need of a compass to guide them toward a resilient future. Governance and Policy Transformations in Central Banking is a groundbreaking book that transcends traditional boundaries to offer a comprehensive solution to the complex challenges faced by central banks worldwide. This book not only diagnoses problems, it also presents a meticulously curated collection of new empirical and theoretical chapters that illuminate the path forward. It is an invaluable resource that empowers central banks with the knowledge and tools necessary for development, governance, and policy transformation.

The Global Findex Database 2017

Download The Global Findex Database 2017 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464812683
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Global Findex Database 2017 by : Asli Demirguc-Kunt

Download or read book The Global Findex Database 2017 written by Asli Demirguc-Kunt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.

Indian Financial Sector

Download Indian Financial Sector PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475570201
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Indian Financial Sector by : Rakesh Mohan

Download or read book Indian Financial Sector written by Rakesh Mohan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper traces the story of Indian financial sector over the period 1950–2015. In identifying the trends and turns of Indian financial sector, the paper adopts a three period classification viz., (a) the 1950s and 1960s, which exhibited some elements of instability associated with laissez faire but underdeveloped banking; (b) the 1970s and 1980s that experienced the process of financial development across the country under government auspices, accompanied by a degree of financial repression; and (c) the period since the 1990s till date, that has been characterized by gradual and calibrated financial deepening and liberalization. Focusing more the third period, the paper argues that as a consequence of successive reforms over the past 25 years, there has been significant progress in making interest and exchange rates largely market determined, though the exchange rate regime remains one of managed float, and some interest rates remain administered. Considerable competition has been introduced in the banking sector through new private sector banks, but public sector banks continue have a dominant share in the market. Contractual savings systems have been improved, but pension funds in India are still in their infancy. Similarly, despite the introduction of new private sector insurance companies coverage of insurance can expand much further, which would also provide greater depth to the financial markets. The extent of development along all the segments of the financial market has not been uniform. While the equity market is quite developed, activities in the private debt market are predominantly confined to private placement form and continue to be limited to the bluechip companies. Going forward, the future areas for development in the Indian financial sector would include further reduction of public ownership in banks and insurance companies, expansion of the contractual savings system through more rapid expansion of the insurance and pension systems, greater spread of mutual funds, and development of institutional investors. It is only then that both the equity and debt markets will display greater breadth as well as depth, along with greater domestic liquidity. At the same time, while reforming the financial sector, the Indian authorities had to constantly keep the issues of equity and efficiency in mind.

Win-Win Corporations

Download Win-Win Corporations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin UK
ISBN 13 : 9385990489
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (859 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Win-Win Corporations by : Shashank Shah

Download or read book Win-Win Corporations written by Shashank Shah and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2016-12-07 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did Ratan Tata decide to pay for all the victims of 26/11 whether injured in the Taj or anywhere else? Why did HDFC ’s Aditya Puri insist that employees leave for home by 5.30 p.m.? How did HUL develop a cheaper, better product to beat its competitor, Nirma? What do Taj Hotels, HDFC, HUL, L&T and BPCL have in common? They are the win-win corporations! Based on over a decade of research, Shashank Shah takes these truly outstanding Indian companies and studies how they do business. Each of these companies has exceptional practices when it comes to stakeholder management. Whether the stakeholder is an employee, customer, investor, vendor or even society at large, these companies reveal how looking at everyone else’s interests doesn’t really mean compromising on your own. Often, the two complement each other and that is what makes a win-win solution for everyone. This book gives an inside look into what motivates exceptional companies and how they are a cut above the rest. Full of fascinating anecdotes, leadership philosophy and background stories of organizations, Win-Win Corporations is an inspiring read into what makes companies great.

Banking in Africa: Delivering on Financial Inclusion, Supporting Financial Stability

Download Banking in Africa: Delivering on Financial Inclusion, Supporting Financial Stability PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : European Investment Bank
ISBN 13 : 9286138482
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (861 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Banking in Africa: Delivering on Financial Inclusion, Supporting Financial Stability by : European Investment Bank

Download or read book Banking in Africa: Delivering on Financial Inclusion, Supporting Financial Stability written by European Investment Bank and published by European Investment Bank. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its fourth edition, this report focuses on recent developments in Africa's banking sectors and the policy options for all stakeholders. The study of banking sectors across all African sub-regions includes the results of the EIB survey of banking groups operating in Africa. Three thematic chapters address challenges and opportunities for financing investment in Africa: Crowding out of private sector lending by public debt issuance The state of bank recovery and resolution laws in Africa Policy options on how to finance infrastructure development. The report finds that in many African banking markets, the last two years saw a pause in financial deepening. However, a rising share of banking groups report improving market conditions and plan a structural expansion of their operations in Africa and a continued push for new technologies.

A Hundred Small Steps

Download A Hundred Small Steps PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 817829950X
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (782 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Hundred Small Steps by : India. Committee on Financial Sector Reforms

Download or read book A Hundred Small Steps written by India. Committee on Financial Sector Reforms and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2009-01-06 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While previous reports have focused solely on the ‘big’ issues like capital account convertibility, bank privatization, and priority sector norms, A Hundred Small Steps: Report of the Committee on Financial Sector Reforms goes deep into other areas where reforms are less controversial, but perhaps as important. The report argues that we need a change in mindset for the financial sector, one that recognizes that efficiency, innovation, and value for money are as important for the poor as they are for our new Indian multinationals, and these will come from improved governance, new entry and competition. Indeed the Committee believes that the road to making Mumbai an international financial centre runs through every village in India. The report is divided into separate self-contained chapters; the underlying theme behind all the proposals is the need to enhance inclusion, growth, and stability by allowing players more freedom, even while strengthening the financial and regulatory infrastructure. The role of the government is to create an enabling environment by building sound financial infrastructure. The Committee has focused primarily on broad principles and directions, without entering too much into details of implementation. It emphasizes three important reasons for financial sector reform: to include more Indians in the growth process; to foster growth itself; and to improve financial stability, flexibility, and resilience and thus protect the economy against the kind of turbulence that is affecting the world today. The Committee recognizes this is a difficult time to propose financial sector reforms in India. The near meltdown of the US financial sector seems to be proof that markets and competition do not work. This is clearly the wrong lesson to take from the debacle. The right lesson is that markets and institutions do succumb occasionally to excesses, which is why regulators have to be vigilant. The report argues for skilled regulators who encourage growth and innovation even while working harder to contain risks.

Development and Deprivation in the Indian Sub-continent

Download Development and Deprivation in the Indian Sub-continent PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100065155X
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Development and Deprivation in the Indian Sub-continent by : Utpal Kumar De

Download or read book Development and Deprivation in the Indian Sub-continent written by Utpal Kumar De and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-14 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume covers issues related to poverty, inequality, inclusiveness development, role of institutions, and socio-political perspectives on development in India with a special focus on North-East India. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka

Routledge Handbook of Banking and Finance in Asia

Download Routledge Handbook of Banking and Finance in Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134862075
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Banking and Finance in Asia by : Ulrich Volz

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Banking and Finance in Asia written by Ulrich Volz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-26 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Banking and Finance in Asia brings together leading scholars, policymakers, and practitioners to provide a comprehensive and cutting-edge guide to Asia’s financial institutions, markets, and systems. Part I provides a country-by-country overview of banking and finance in East, Southeast, and South Asia, including examples from China, Japan, Hong Kong, India, and Singapore. Part II contains thematic chapters, covering topics such as commercial banking, development banking, infrastructure finance, stock markets, insurance, and sovereign wealth funds. It also includes examinations of banking regulation and supervision, and analyses of macroprudential regulation, capital flow management measures, and monetary policy. Finally, it provides new insights into topical issues such as SME, green, and Islamic finance. This handbook is an essential resource for scholars and students of Asian economics and finance and for professionals working in financial markets in Asia.

Affordable Credit

Download Affordable Credit PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1861346875
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (613 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Affordable Credit by : Collard, Sharon

Download or read book Affordable Credit written by Collard, Sharon and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2005-02-09 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The poor pay more for many things but, arguably, it is the extra they pay for credit that puts the greatest strain on their budgets. This report looks beyond the rhetoric that has dominated much of the debate on high-cost credit to examine the scope for widening access to more affordable credit. The report explores what people on low incomes want from a credit source. It also analyses the constraints on lending to poor people. It looks at the scope for reducing the costs of lending and widening access to more affordable credit, and estimates the scale of demand for affordable credit. This report should be read by commercial and not-for-profit lenders, campaigners, policymakers and anyone studying or researching issues around poverty and financial exclusion.