System Under Stress: Homeland Security and American Politics

Download System Under Stress: Homeland Security and American Politics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1452239908
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis System Under Stress: Homeland Security and American Politics by : Donald F. Kettl

Download or read book System Under Stress: Homeland Security and American Politics written by Donald F. Kettl and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2013-03-12 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "One of the book's many strengths is the way it brings an analytic focus to recent events. It does so in an engaging way, with the book overall written extremely well. And the emphasis on the role of political institutions is right on target."

System Under Stress: Homeland Security and American Politics, 2nd Edition

Download System Under Stress: Homeland Security and American Politics, 2nd Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis System Under Stress: Homeland Security and American Politics, 2nd Edition by : Donald F Kettl

Download or read book System Under Stress: Homeland Security and American Politics, 2nd Edition written by Donald F Kettl and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Listen to Donald Kettl on his interview from &BAD:"Homeland Security Inside &BAD:& Out&BAD:" Click Here to ListenDonald Kettl InterviewInterview from 'Homeland Security Inside and Out' which airs on KAMU. Interview air date: May 20, 2008. WINNER OF THE LOUIS BROWNLOW BOOK AWARD!The massive bureaucratic reorganization under the Department of Homeland Security was a response to the system-wide coordination problems brought to light on 9/11. Better planning, new leadership, and far-reaching reform were to demonstrate that the U.S. had learned its lessons well, that it would be prepared for the next attack or disaster. But the catastrophic response to Hurricane Katrina unequivocally showed how this restructuring has not brought about the kinds of long term policy changes that are necessary to deal effectively and efficiently with threats&BAD:—whether manmade or natural.Is the system permanently broken? Should FEMA be removed from DHS or abolished altogether? Donald Kettl, in this thoroughly updated second edition, takes a hard look at the most recent stress on the system. He explores how the 9/11 Commission forever changed public discourse on the topic as well as discusses the ways in which FEMA might be reformed. The country faces solvable problems, he argues, yet is in dire need of new leadership at every level. In his brief, gripping narrative, Kettl assesses how well the U.S. political system responds under extraordinary pressure and asks if the focus will continue to be on fighting the last war. There is small chance the catastrophe that lies ahead will replicate the last one. Is the government ready to face that next challenge?

One Nation Under Stress

Download One Nation Under Stress PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199971773
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis One Nation Under Stress by : Dana Becker

Download or read book One Nation Under Stress written by Dana Becker and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-11 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress. Everyone is talking about it, suffering from it, trying desperately to manage it-now more than ever. From 1970 to 1980, 2,326 academic articles appeared with the word "stress" in the title. In the decade between 2000 and 2010 that number jumped to 21,750. Has life become ten times more stressful, or is it the stress concept itself that has grown exponentially over the past 40 years? In One Nation Under Stress, Dana Becker argues that our national infatuation with the therapeutic culture has created a middle-class moral imperative to manage the tensions of daily life by turning inward, ignoring the social and political realities that underlie those tensions. Becker shows that although stress is often associated with conditions over which people have little control-workplace policies unfavorable to family life, increasing economic inequality, war in the age of terrorism-the stress concept focuses most of our attention on how individuals react to stress. A proliferation of self-help books and dire medical warnings about the negative effects of stress on our physical and emotional health all place the responsibility for alleviating stress-though yoga, deep breathing, better diet, etc.-squarely on the individual. The stress concept has come of age in a period of tectonic social and political shifts. Nevertheless, we persist in the all-American belief that we can meet these changes by re-engineering ourselves rather than tackling the root causes of stress. Examining both research and popular representations of stress in cultural terms, Becker traces the evolution of the social uses of the stress concept as it has been transformed into an all-purpose vehicle for defining, expressing, and containing middle-class anxieties about upheavals in American society.

Men Under Stress

Download Men Under Stress PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786256940
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (862 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Men Under Stress by : Lt.-Col. Roy R. Grinker

Download or read book Men Under Stress written by Lt.-Col. Roy R. Grinker and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stress of war tries men as no other test that they have encountered in civilized life. Like a crucial experiment it exposes the underlying physiological and psychological mechanisms of the human being. Exceedingly valuable lessons can be learned from it regarding the methods by which men adapt themselves to all forms of stress, either in war or in peace. Under sufficient stress any individual may show failure of adaptation, evidenced by neurotic symptoms. Such symptoms then are pathological only in a comparative sense, when contrasted with the symptoms of those still making successful adaptations. While the material in this book concerns flying personnel almost exclusively, the psychological mechanisms under discussion in this book are those that apply to Everyman in his struggle to master his own environment. In this realm, a hair divides the normal from the neurotic, the adaptive from the non-adaptive. The failures of adaptation of the soldier described herein mirror Everyman’s everyday failures or neurotic compromises with reality. The book’s material is roughly divided into a discussion of war neuroses appearing overseas and those in combat veterans returned home for relief from flying or for rehabilitation. “Men under Stress” covers a vast array of topics, beginning with the background and selection of flight personnel, followed by seventeen chapters on the combat environment and reactions to it—which include the subjects of morale, combat stress, psychodynamics, emotional disorders and neurotic reactions, guilt and depression, aggression and hostility, psychosomatic states; psychotic-like states, and the treatment modalities of psychotherapy, narcosynthesis, and adjunctive treatment. The book closes with two chapters on civilian applications, including civilian psychiatry and general social implications.

Performance Under Stress

Download Performance Under Stress PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1317082516
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Performance Under Stress by : James L Szalma

Download or read book Performance Under Stress written by James L Szalma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-06-12 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is a dangerous place and recent events have served to make it less safe. There are many arenas of conflict and even combat across the world. Such situations are the quintessential expression of stress; you stand in imminent danger and live with the knowledge that you may be attacked, injured or even killed at any moment. How do people perform under these conditions? How do they keep a heightened level of vigilance when nothing may happen in their immediate location for weeks or even months? What happens when the bullets actually start flying? How is it you distinguish friend from foe, and each from innocent bystanders when in immediate peril of your life? Can we design technology to help people make good decisions in these ultimately hazardous situations? To what degree does your membership in a team act to dissipate these particular effects? Can we generate sufficiently stressful field exercises to simulate these conditions and can we train and/or select those most able to withstand such adverse conditions? How will the next generation of servicemen deal with these inherent problems? These are the sorts of questions that Performance Under Stress addresses. This book is derived largely from a multiple-year, multiple university initiative (MURI) on stress and soldier performance on the modern, electronic battlefield. It involved leading researchers from many institutions who have brought their individual expertise to bear on these crucial, contemporary concerns. United by a common research framework, these groups attacked the issue from different methodological and conceptual approaches, ranging from traditional laboratory modeling and experimentation, to realistic simulations; from involved field exercises to personal experiences of actual combat conditions. The insights generated have been distilled and presented as a benchmark of current understanding and provide future directions for research in this arena. Although this work focuses on soldier stress and soldier performance, the principles that are derived extend well beyond this single application. Their findings can be applied to people facing the demands of the business world or research as much as to those who meet life or death situations, such as homeland security, first responders, and law enforcement personnel.

Democracy Under Stress

Download Democracy Under Stress PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : AFRICAN SUN MeDIA
ISBN 13 : 1920338705
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Democracy Under Stress by : Ursula Van Beek

Download or read book Democracy Under Stress written by Ursula Van Beek and published by AFRICAN SUN MeDIA. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DEMOCRACY UNDER STRESS focuses on the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 and its implications for democracy. Why and how did the crisis come about? Are there any instructive lessons to be drawn from comparisons with the Great Depression of the 1930s? What are the democratic response mechanisms to cope with serious crises? Do they work? Is China a new trend setter? Do values matter? Are global democratic rules a possibility? These are some of the key questions addressed in the volume.

Under Pressure

Download Under Pressure PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Ballantine Books
ISBN 13 : 0399180060
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (991 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Under Pressure by : Lisa Damour, Ph.D.

Download or read book Under Pressure written by Lisa Damour, Ph.D. and published by Ballantine Books. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • An urgently needed guide to the alarming increase in anxiety and stress experienced by girls from elementary school through college, from the author of Untangled “An invaluable read for anyone who has girls, works with girls, or cares about girls—for everyone!”—Claire Shipman, author of The Confidence Code and The Confidence Code for Girls Though anxiety has risen among young people overall, studies confirm that it has skyrocketed in girls. Research finds that the number of girls who said that they often felt nervous, worried, or fearful jumped 55 percent from 2009 to 2014, while the comparable number for adolescent boys has remained unchanged. As a clinical psychologist who specializes in working with girls, Lisa Damour, Ph.D., has witnessed this rising tide of stress and anxiety in her own research, in private practice, and in the all-girls’ school where she consults. She knew this had to be the topic of her new book. In the engaging, anecdotal style and reassuring tone that won over thousands of readers of her first book, Untangled, Damour starts by addressing the facts about psychological pressure. She explains the surprising and underappreciated value of stress and anxiety: that stress can helpfully stretch us beyond our comfort zones, and anxiety can play a key role in keeping girls safe. When we emphasize the benefits of stress and anxiety, we can help our daughters take them in stride. But no parents want their daughter to suffer from emotional overload, so Damour then turns to the many facets of girls’ lives where tension takes hold: their interactions at home, pressures at school, social anxiety among other girls and among boys, and their lives online. As readers move through the layers of girls’ lives, they’ll learn about the critical steps that adults can take to shield their daughters from the toxic pressures to which our culture—including we, as parents—subjects girls. Readers who know Damour from Untangled or the New York Times, or from her regular appearances on CBS News, will be drawn to this important new contribution to understanding and supporting today’s girls. Praise for Under Pressure “Truly a must-read for parents, teachers, coaches, and mentors wanting to help girls along the path to adulthood.”—Julie Lythcott-Haims, New York Times bestselling author of How to Raise an Adult

Pulmonary Physiology, Ninth Edition

Download Pulmonary Physiology, Ninth Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education / Medical
ISBN 13 : 9781260019339
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pulmonary Physiology, Ninth Edition by : Michael G. Levitzky

Download or read book Pulmonary Physiology, Ninth Edition written by Michael G. Levitzky and published by McGraw-Hill Education / Medical. This book was released on 2018-01-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Essential for USMLE and certification review! Gain a complete understanding of the aspects of pulmonary physiology essential to clinical medicine For more than thirty-five years, this trusted review has provided students, residents, and fellows with a solid background in the aspects of pulmonary physiology that are essential for an understanding of clinical medicine. The book clearly describes how and why the human respiratory system works in a style that is easy to absorb and integrate with your existing knowledge of other body systems. Features: •Thoroughly updated with new figures, tables, and end-of-chapter references and clinical correlations •Each chapter includes clearly stated learning objectives, summaries of key concepts, illustrations of essential concepts, clinical correlations, problems, and pulmonary function test data to interpret, and suggested readings •Enables you to understand the basic concepts of pulmonary physiology well enough to apply them with confidence in future practice •Provides detailed explanations of physiologic mechanisms and demonstrates how they apply to pathologic states If you’re in need of a concise, time-tested, basic review of pulmonary physiology -- one that encourages comprehension rather than memorization, your search ends here.

Nerve

Download Nerve PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Little, Brown
ISBN 13 : 0316126861
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (161 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nerve by : Taylor Clark

Download or read book Nerve written by Taylor Clark and published by Little, Brown. This book was released on 2011-03-06 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nerves make us bomb job interviews, first dates, and SATs. With a presentation looming at work, fear robs us of sleep for days. It paralyzes seasoned concert musicians and freezes rookie cops in tight situations. And yet not everyone cracks. Soldiers keep their heads in combat; firemen rush into burning buildings; unflappable trauma doctors juggle patient after patient. It's not that these people feel no fear; often, in fact, they're riddled with it. In Nerve, Taylor Clark draws upon cutting-edge science and painstaking reporting to explore the very heart of panic and poise. Using a wide range of case studies, Clark overturns the popular myths about anxiety and fear to explain why some people thrive under pressure, while others falter-and how we can go forward with steadier nerves and increased confidence.

System under Stress

Download System under Stress PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CQ Press
ISBN 13 : 1483301257
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (833 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis System under Stress by : Donald F. Kettl

Download or read book System under Stress written by Donald F. Kettl and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2013-03-03 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In System under Stress, The Challenge to 21st Century Democracy, Third Edition, Donald F. Kettl looks at the latest stress to hit the system—the financial crisis of 2008. In his brief, gripping narrative, Kettl assesses how well the U.S. political system responds under extraordinary pressure—from 9/11, to Hurricane Katrina, to the Great Recession— and asks if the government is ready to face that next challenge. A well-known scholar, commentator, and writer in the areas of federalism and governance, Kettl asks the hard questions, makes a credible and persuasive argument, and crafts a readable case study that is fascinating and thought-provoking.

The Financial System Under Stress

Download The Financial System Under Stress PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134780184
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Financial System Under Stress by : Marc Uzan

Download or read book The Financial System Under Stress written by Marc Uzan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collapse of Barings bank and the currency crisis in Mexico are just two instances of stress in an international financial system still largely governed by the institutions established by the Bretton Woods Committee in 1944. Here, the authors put forward an agenda for a new system of international economic institutions to fit the changes in international relations. This agenda includes: * an analysis of the role of the Bretton Woods institutions and their relations with the newly created World Trade Organizations * a discussion of the search for world economic governance * an analysis of the crisis within EMS and the prospects for European Monetary Integration * an examination of the integration of private markets in the new economic architecture.

Processing Under Pressure

Download Processing Under Pressure PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781932777895
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (778 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Processing Under Pressure by : Matthew Joseph Sharps

Download or read book Processing Under Pressure written by Matthew Joseph Sharps and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW!! Get an understandable, practical look at the pressurized world of law enforcement and the impact of stress on mental and physical performance. *Discover the complexities of decision-making in high risk situations and prepare to improve your own decision power. *Explore how the nervous system functions under the kind of stress faced on the streets. *Analyze the impact of stress on the memories of witnesses, victims and police officers. *Filled with actual, real-world examples of how mental processes actually come into play in the field. Eye opening and Career Changing!!

The Stress Response

Download The Stress Response PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : New Harbinger Publications
ISBN 13 : 1608821315
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Stress Response by : Christy Matta

Download or read book The Stress Response written by Christy Matta and published by New Harbinger Publications. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life is stressful, and that’s not always a bad thing. A certain amount of stress actually helps us work more productively and take action in a crisis. But recurrent and prolonged stress can paralyze us or lead us to feel exhausted, angry, or overwhelmed. The skills presented in The Stress Response can dramatically change the way you process stress. And they don’t take much time to learn. Drawn from a technique therapists use called dialectical behavior therapy, these powerful strategies can help you manage the slings and arrows of life more gracefully and effectively. After learning the skills in this book, you’ll: • Respond quickly to early signs of stress • Approach, not avoid, stressful tasks and events • Cope effectively with life events that contribute to stress • Change the catastrophic thoughts and biases that make stress worse • Practice soothing strategies for calming your body’s stress response

Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space

Download Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030169960
Total Pages : 756 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space by : Alexander Choukèr

Download or read book Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space written by Alexander Choukèr and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how stress – either psychological or physical – can activate and/or paralyse human innate or adaptive immunity. Adequate immunity is crucial for maintaining health, both on Earth and in space. During space flight, human physiology is specifically challenged by complex environmental stressors, which are most pronounced during lunar or interplanetary missions. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the book identifies the impact of these stressors – the space exposome – on immunity as a result of (dys-)functions of specific cells, organs and organ networks. These conditions (e.g. gravitation changes, radiation, isolation/confinement) affect immunity, but at the same time provide insights that may help to prevent, diagnose and address immune-related health alterations. Written by experts from academia, space agencies and industry, the book is a valuable resource for professionals, researchers and students in the field of medicine, biology and technology. The chapters “The Impact of Everyday Stressors on the Immune System and Health”, “Stress and Radiation Responsiveness” and “Assessment of Radiosensitivity and Biomonitoring of Exposure to Space adiation” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Damsel Under Stress

Download Damsel Under Stress PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Ballantine Books
ISBN 13 : 0345500113
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (455 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Damsel Under Stress by : Shanna Swendson

Download or read book Damsel Under Stress written by Shanna Swendson and published by Ballantine Books. This book was released on 2007-05-01 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To-do: Stop the bad guys. Rescue the wizard. Find the perfect outfit for New Year’s Eve. At last, Owen Palmer, the dreamboat wizard at Magic, Spells, and Illusions, Inc., has conjured up the courage to get Katie Chandler under the mistletoe at the office holiday party. But just when it looks like Katie has found her prince, in pops her inept fairy godmother, Ethelinda, to throw a wand into the works. Ethelinda’s timing couldn’t be worse. A plot hatched by MSI’s rogue ex-employees, Idris and his evil fairy gal pal Ari, threatens to expose the company’s secrets–and the very existence of magic itself. Even worse, it could also mean the end of Katie’s happily-ever-after. Now Katie and Owen must work side by side (but alas, not cheek to cheek) to thwart the villains’ plans. Braving black-magic-wielding sorceresses, subway-dwelling dragons, lovelorn frog princes, and even the dreaded trip to meet Owen’s parents at Christmas, Katie and her beau are in a battle to beat Idris at his own sinister game. All mischief and matters of the heart will come to a head at a big New Year’s Eve gala, when the crystal ball will drop, champagne will pour, and Katie will find herself truly spellbound. Praise for Shanna Swendson’s Once Upon Stilettos “Magical and totally delightful . . . [a] quirky, lighthearted romance.” –freshfiction.com “A fast and funny read. Chicklit meets urban fantasy.” –Mary Jo Putney, author of The Marriage Spell

The Science of Stress

Download The Science of Stress PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022633872X
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Science of Stress by : Gregory L. Fricchione

Download or read book The Science of Stress written by Gregory L. Fricchione and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-10-24 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our jobs and families; the deluge of e-mails, texts, and calls; the constant pinch on our time and money; the screaming match of politics and the threat of terrorism and war—there is no doubt about it, we are completely stressed out. Most of the time, we just shrug it off, but as neuropsychiatrists Gregory L. Fricchione, Ana Ivkovic, and Albert Yeung gently remind us in this book: stress can be really, really bad for our health. In fact, persistent stress is directly linked to chronic ailments like heart disease, diabetes, and depression, contributing to one of the biggest health challenges facing the world in the twenty-first century. Expertly but sensitively guiding readers through the latest research in the science of stress, they offer an illuminating and therapeutic look at our own worst enemy. As Fricchione and his colleagues show, alleviating stress is a task that no one physician can alleviate for us on his own. It is not the sort of problem that a surgeon can excise with a scalpel or an internist can eradicate with antibiotics. It requires everyone’s efforts—the healthy, the sick, doctors, nurses, psychologists, clergy, community leaders, and everyone else—to pull together to address the stress-induced drivers in our community that undermine our health. Clearly and accessibly exploring the latest in modern neuroscience and immunology, the authors examine what those drivers are and how they reduce the body’s metabolic reserve, making us more vulnerable to illness. They then look at the antidote: enhanced resilience, something we can achieve by smartly adjusting how we face the significant adversities that can spring up in so many facets of our lives. Offering innumerable insights on the personal and social causes of stress and the physiological effects they have, this book serves as an essential guide to show us how to alleviate stress and properly take care of ourselves. In doing so, it offers a crucial first step toward meeting the biggest health challenge of this century.

Portfolio Management under Stress

Download Portfolio Management under Stress PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107048117
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Portfolio Management under Stress by : Riccardo Rebonato

Download or read book Portfolio Management under Stress written by Riccardo Rebonato and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rigorous presentation of a novel methodology for asset allocation in financial portfolios under conditions of market distress.