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Synthetic Traces For Trace Driven Simulation Of Cache Memories
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Book Synopsis Massively Parallel Algorithms for Trace-driven Cache Simulations by : David M. Nicol
Download or read book Massively Parallel Algorithms for Trace-driven Cache Simulations written by David M. Nicol and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Trace-driven cache simulation is central to computer design. A trace is a very long sequence, x1 ..., x[subscript N], of references to lines (contiguous locations) from main memory. At the t[superscript th] instant, reference x[subscript t] is hashed into a set of cache locations, the contents of which are then compared with x[subscript t]. If at the t[superscript th] instant x[subscript t] is not present in the cache, then it is said to be a miss, and is loaded into the cache set, possibly forcing the replacement of some other memory line, and making x[subscript t] present for the (t + 1)[superscript st] instant. The problem of parallel simulation of a subtrace of N references directed to a C line cache set is considered, with the aim of determining which references are misses and related statistics. A simulation method is presented for the Least-Recently-Used (LRU) policy, which regardless of the set size C runs in time O(log N) using N processors on the exclusive read, exclusive write (EREW) parallel model. A simpler LRU simulation algorithm is given that runs in O(C log N) time using N/log N processors. We present timings of the second algorithm's implementation on the MasPar MP-1, a machine with 16384 processors. A broad class of reference-based line replacement policies are considered, which includes LRU as well as the Least-Frequently-Used and Random replacement policies. A simulation method is presented for any such policy that on any trace of length N directed to a C line set runs in time O(C log N) time with high probability using N processors on the EREW model. The algorithms are simple, have very little space overhead, and are well-suited for SIMD implementations."
Book Synopsis Packet Forwarding Technologies by : Weidong Wu
Download or read book Packet Forwarding Technologies written by Weidong Wu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-12-17 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Internet traffic continues to grow exponentially, there is a great need to build Internet protocol (IP) routers with high-speed and high-capacity packet networking capabilities. The first book to explore this subject, Packet Forwarding Technologies explains in depth packet forwarding concepts and implementation technologies. It covers the
Book Synopsis Processor and System-on-Chip Simulation by : Rainer Leupers
Download or read book Processor and System-on-Chip Simulation written by Rainer Leupers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-15 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulation of computer architectures has made rapid progress recently. The primary application areas are hardware/software performance estimation and optimization as well as functional and timing verification. Recent, innovative technologies such as retargetable simulator generation, dynamic binary translation, or sampling simulation have enabled widespread use of processor and system-on-chip (SoC) simulation tools in the semiconductor and embedded system industries. Simultaneously, processor and SoC simulation is still a very active research area, e.g. what amounts to higher simulation speed, flexibility, and accuracy/speed trade-offs. This book presents and discusses the principle technologies and state-of-the-art in high-level hardware architecture simulation, both at the processor and the system-on-chip level.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 1993 International Conference on Parallel Processing by : C.Y. Roger Chen
Download or read book Proceedings of the 1993 International Conference on Parallel Processing written by C.Y. Roger Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-08-16 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-volume work presents a compendium of current and seminal papers on parallel/distributed processing offered at the 22nd International Conference on Parallel Processing, held August 16-20, 1993 in Chicago, Illinois. Topics include processor architectures; mapping algorithms to parallel systems, performance evaluations; fault diagnosis, recovery, and tolerance; cube networks; portable software; synchronization; compilers; hypercube computing; and image processing and graphics. Computer professionals in parallel processing, distributed systems, and software engineering will find this book essential to their complete computer reference library.
Book Synopsis Performance Modeling for Computer Architects by : C. M. Krishna
Download or read book Performance Modeling for Computer Architects written by C. M. Krishna and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1995-10-14 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As computers become more complex, the number and complexity of the tasks facing the computer architect have increased. Computer performance often depends in complex way on the design parameters and intuition that must be supplemented by performance studies to enhance design productivity. This book introduces computer architects to computer system performance models and shows how they are relatively simple, inexpensive to implement, and sufficiently accurate for most purposes. It discusses the development of performance models based on queuing theory and probability. The text also shows how they are used to provide quick approximate calculations to indicate basic performance tradeoffs and narrow the range of parameters to consider when determining system configurations. It illustrates how performance models can demonstrate how a memory system is to be configured, what the cache structure should be, and what incremental changes in cache size can have on the miss rate. A particularly deep knowledge of probability theory or any other mathematical field to understand the papers in this volume is not required.
Book Synopsis The Fractal Structure of Data Reference by : Bruce McNutt
Download or read book The Fractal Structure of Data Reference written by Bruce McNutt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-11-24 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The architectural concept of a memory hierarchy has been immensely successful, making possible today's spectacular pace of technology evolution in both the volume of data and the speed of data access. Its success is difficult to understand, however, when examined within the traditional "memoryless" framework of performance analysis. The `memoryless' framework cannot properly reflect a memory hierarchy's ability to take advantage of patterns of data use that are transient. The Fractal Structure of Data Reference: Applications to the Memory Hierarchy both introduces, and justifies empirically, an alternative modeling framework in which arrivals are driven by a statistically self-similar underlying process, and are transient in nature. The substance of this book comes from the ability of the model to impose a mathematically tractable structure on important problems involving the operation and performance of a memory hierarchy. It describes events as they play out at a wide range of time scales, from the operation of file buffers and storage control cache, to a statistical view of entire disk storage applications. Striking insights are obtained about how memory hierarchies work, and how to exploit them to best advantage. The emphasis is on the practical application of such results. The Fractal Structure of Data Reference: Applications to the Memory Hierarchy will be of interest to professionals working in the area of applied computer performance and capacity planning, particularly those with a focus on disk storage. The book is also an excellent reference for those interested in database and data structure research.
Book Synopsis Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing by : Guang R. Gao
Download or read book Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing written by Guang R. Gao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-09 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The LNCS series reports state-of-the-art results in computer science research, development, and education, at a high level and in both printed and electronic form. Enjoying tight cooperation with the R&D community, with numerous individuals, as well as with prestigious organizations and societies, LNCS has grown into the most comprehensive computer science research forum available. The scope of LNCS, including its subseries LNAI and LNBI, spans the whole range of computer science and information technology including interdisciplinary topics in a variety of application fields. In parallel to the printed book, each new volume is published electronically in LNCS Online.
Book Synopsis Foundations of Dependable Computing by : Gary M. Koob
Download or read book Foundations of Dependable Computing written by Gary M. Koob and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-23 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foundations of Dependable Computing: Models and Frameworks for Dependable Systems presents two comprehensive frameworks for reasoning about system dependability, thereby establishing a context for understanding the roles played by specific approaches presented in this book's two companion volumes. It then explores the range of models and analysis methods necessary to design, validate and analyze dependable systems. A companion to this book (published by Kluwer), subtitled Paradigms for Dependable Applications, presents a variety of specific approaches to achieving dependability at the application level. Driven by the higher level fault models of Models and Frameworks for Dependable Systems, and built on the lower level abstractions implemented in a third companion book subtitled System Implementation, these approaches demonstrate how dependability may be tuned to the requirements of an application, the fault environment, and the characteristics of the target platform. Three classes of paradigms are considered: protocol-based paradigms for distributed applications, algorithm-based paradigms for parallel applications, and approaches to exploiting application semantics in embedded real-time control systems. Another companion book (published by Kluwer) subtitled System Implementation, explores the system infrastructure needed to support the various paradigms of Paradigms for Dependable Applications. Approaches to implementing support mechanisms and to incorporating additional appropriate levels of fault detection and fault tolerance at the processor, network, and operating system level are presented. A primary concern at these levels is balancing cost and performance against coverage and overall dependability. As these chapters demonstrate, low overhead, practical solutions are attainable and not necessarily incompatible with performance considerations. The section on innovative compiler support, in particular, demonstrates how the benefits of application specificity may be obtained while reducing hardware cost and run-time overhead.
Book Synopsis Proceedings, 26th Annual Simulation Symposium by : John A. Miller
Download or read book Proceedings, 26th Annual Simulation Symposium written by John A. Miller and published by Society for Computer Simulation International. This book was released on 1993 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Computer Performance Evaluation by : Ramon Puigjaner
Download or read book Computer Performance Evaluation written by Ramon Puigjaner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-06-26 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to evaluate computer and communication systems performance and dependability is continuously growing as a consequence of both the increasing complexity of systems and the user requirements in terms of timing behaviour. The 10th International Conference on Modelling Techniques and Tools for C- puter Performance Evaluation, held in Palma in September 1998, was organised with the aim of creating a forum in which both theoreticians and practitioners could interchange recent techniques, tools, and experiences in these areas. This meeting follows the predecessor conferences of this series: 1984 Paris 1988 Palma 1994 Wien 1985 Sophia Antipolis 1991 Torino 1995 Heidelberg 1987 Paris 1992 Edinburgh 1997 Saint Malo The tradition of this conference series continued this year where many high quality papers were submitted. The Programme Committee had a di cult task in selecting the best papers. Many ne papers could not be included in the program due to space constraints. All accepted papers are included in this volume. Also, a set of submissions describing performance modelling tools was transformed into tool presentations and demonstrations. A brief description of these tools is included in this volume. The following table gives the overall statistics for the submissions.
Book Synopsis International Conference on Simulation in Engineering Education, January 17-20, 1993, Hyatt Regency La Jolla, La Jolla, California by : Charles E. Knadler
Download or read book International Conference on Simulation in Engineering Education, January 17-20, 1993, Hyatt Regency La Jolla, La Jolla, California written by Charles E. Knadler and published by Society for Computer Simulation International. This book was released on 1993 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Workload Modeling for Computer Systems Performance Evaluation by : Dror G. Feitelson
Download or read book Workload Modeling for Computer Systems Performance Evaluation written by Dror G. Feitelson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliable performance evaluations require the use of representative workloads. This is no easy task since modern computer systems and their workloads are complex, with many interrelated attributes and complicated structures. Experts often use sophisticated mathematics to analyze and describe workload models, making these models difficult for practitioners to grasp. This book aims to close this gap by emphasizing the intuition and the reasoning behind the definitions and derivations related to the workload models. It provides numerous examples from real production systems, with hundreds of graphs. Using this book, readers will be able to analyze collected workload data and clean it if necessary, derive statistical models that include skewed marginal distributions and correlations, and consider the need for generative models and feedback from the system. The descriptive statistics techniques covered are also useful for other domains.
Book Synopsis Parallel Computing Technologies by : Victor Malyshkin
Download or read book Parallel Computing Technologies written by Victor Malyshkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-08-16 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings -- Parallel Computing.
Book Synopsis Computer Architecture Performance Evaluation Methods by : Lieven Eeckhout
Download or read book Computer Architecture Performance Evaluation Methods written by Lieven Eeckhout and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance evaluation is at the foundation of computer architecture research and development. Contemporary microprocessors are so complex that architects cannot design systems based on intuition and simple models only. Adequate performance evaluation methods are absolutely crucial to steer the research and development process in the right direction. However, rigorous performance evaluation is non-trivial as there are multiple aspects to performance evaluation, such as picking workloads, selecting an appropriate modeling or simulation approach, running the model and interpreting the results using meaningful metrics. Each of these aspects is equally important and a performance evaluation method that lacks rigor in any of these crucial aspects may lead to inaccurate performance data and may drive research and development in a wrong direction. The goal of this book is to present an overview of the current state-of-the-art in computer architecture performance evaluation, with a special emphasis on methods for exploring processor architectures. The book focuses on fundamental concepts and ideas for obtaining accurate performance data. The book covers various topics in performance evaluation, ranging from performance metrics, to workload selection, to various modeling approaches including mechanistic and empirical modeling. And because simulation is by far the most prevalent modeling technique, more than half the book's content is devoted to simulation. The book provides an overview of the simulation techniques in the computer designer's toolbox, followed by various simulation acceleration techniques including sampled simulation, statistical simulation, parallel simulation and hardware-accelerated simulation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Performance Metrics / Workload Design / Analytical Performance Modeling / Simulation / Sampled Simulation / Statistical Simulation / Parallel Simulation and Hardware Acceleration / Concluding Remarks
Book Synopsis Multi-configuration Simulation Algorithms for the Evaluation of Computer Architecture Designs by : Rabin Andrew Sugumar
Download or read book Multi-configuration Simulation Algorithms for the Evaluation of Computer Architecture Designs written by Rabin Andrew Sugumar and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "In computer architecture design, a number of candidate design are simulated on representative workloads, and the most satisfactory design in terms of cost and performance is chosen. This simulation process is time-consuming, especially memory hierarchy simulation, and is a bottleneck in architectural design. In this thesis the multi-configuration simulation approach is adopted for speeding up the simulation process. This approach is based on the observation that the behavior of adjacent design configurations is largely similar, and that the similarity may be exploited to reduce simulation work; significant reductions in simulation time are obtained by a synergistic simulation of many design configurations. A suite of multi-configuration simulation algorithms is developed for memory hierarchy simulation. The suite includes 1. An algorithm for set-associative cache simulation based on a new data structure (the generalized binomial tree) which runs about two times faster than earlier algorithms. 2. An algorithm for direct mapped cache simulation based on a novel tag inclusion property which also gives a factor of two improvement over an earlier algorithm. 3. An innovative limited lookahead algorithm with stack repair for simulating the OPT replacement strategy in caches. 4. Novel multi-configuration simulation algorithms for write-buffers. A simulation package, Cheetah, based on these algorithms has been developed and used in the following modeling and optimization studies. First, a new model, the OPT model, is introduced for classifying cache misses. Unlike earlier models, the OPT model accounts for misses resulting from sub-optimal replacement policies used in practical caches. Experimental characterizations based on the OPT model of the cache misses occurring in the SPEC benchmarks are then presented. The results demonstrate that the replacement policy contributes to a significant fraction of cache misses. Second, the hit-miss and reuse behavior of individual load/store instructions of the SPEC benchmarks are profiled. The profiles show that a small number of instructions contribute to a large percentage of the misses. By scheduling the instructions that miss to hide latency, a factor of three improvement is demonstrated for loop-dominated code. By partially controlling cache replacement using the profile information on data reuse up to a 20% reduction in miss ratio is demonstrated."
Book Synopsis 1994 IEEE 13th Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications by :
Download or read book 1994 IEEE 13th Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Cache Performance for Operating Systems and Multiprogramming by : Agarwal
Download or read book Analysis of Cache Performance for Operating Systems and Multiprogramming written by Agarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we continue to build faster and fast. er computers, their performance is be coming increasingly dependent on the memory hierarchy. Both the clock speed of the machine and its throughput per clock depend heavily on the memory hierarchy. The time to complet. e a cache acce88 is oft. en the factor that det. er mines the cycle time. The effectiveness of the hierarchy in keeping the average cost of a reference down has a major impact on how close the sustained per formance is to the peak performance. Small changes in the performance of the memory hierarchy cause large changes in overall system performance. The strong growth of ruse machines, whose performance is more tightly coupled to the memory hierarchy, has created increasing demand for high performance memory systems. This trend is likely to accelerate: the improvements in main memory performance will be small compared to the improvements in processor performance. This difference will lead to an increasing gap between prOCe880r cycle time and main memory acce. time. This gap must be closed by improving the memory hierarchy. Computer architects have attacked this gap by designing machines with cache sizes an order of magnitude larger than those appearing five years ago. Microproce880r-based RISe systems now have caches that rival the size of those in mainframes and supercomputers.
