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Synthesizing New Dielectric Elastomers For Actuation
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Book Synopsis Synthesizing New Dielectric Elastomers for Actuation by : Wei Hu
Download or read book Synthesizing New Dielectric Elastomers for Actuation written by Wei Hu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dielectric elastomers can be actuated under electric field responding to electrostatic force. Compared with other electrical actuation technologies, the advantages of dielectric elastomer actuators include: light weight, good compliancy, large actuation strain, high energy density, quiet operation and low cost. As the active part of an actuator device, the dielectric elastomer material plays a central role. However, most popular elastomers used for dielectric actuation are commercial products designed for other applications. And their confidential formulations also make it difficult to understand the mechanism and further improve the actuation performances. Therefore, the development of new dielectric elastomers from molecular level is of great importance. One subject in this dissertation is the synthesis of a group new dielectric elastomers from molecular level which demonstrate high actuation strains. These dielectric elastomers are polyacrylate formulations with n-butyl acrylates as the based monomer and formed through ultra-violet polymerization. The influences of acrylic acid in the formulation on the mechanical and dielectric properties are investigated. The optimal formulation demonstrates an area actuation strain of 186 %, a dielectric strength of 222 MV/m and an energy density as high as 1.4 MJ/m3. As the dielectric constant of a dielectric elastomer plays a significant role in its actuation performances, one focus of this dissertation is to improve the dielectric constant by utilizing nanocomposites. Aluminum nanoparticles with a self-passivated oxide shell are used as the conductive fillers to increase the dielectric constant of a polyacrylate elastomer while retaining a high dielectric strength. With the addition of 4 vol% Al nanoparticles, the nanocomposite has a dielectric constant as high as 8.4 with a maximum actuation strain of 56 %, a dielectric strength of 140 MV/m and a maximum actuation pressure of 1.5 MPa. Another focus of this dissertation is the innovation of a dielectric elastomer with tunable stiffness. This novel elastomer contains furan-maleimide Diels-Alder adduct moieties as the dynamic bonding. The moduli of these elastomers can be tuned reversibly and incrementally through modulating their crosslinking densities via thermal treatments at moderate temperatures. Capacitive sensors and actuators which can work in multiple modes were fabricated using the new materials.
Book Synopsis Dielectric Elastomers as Electromechanical Transducers by : Federico Carpi
Download or read book Dielectric Elastomers as Electromechanical Transducers written by Federico Carpi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-06 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dielectric Elastomers as Electromechanical Transducers provides a comprehensive and updated insight into dielectric elastomers; one of the most promising classes of polymer-based smart materials and technologies. This technology can be used in a very broad range of applications, from robotics and automation to the biomedical field. The need for improved transducer performance has resulted in considerable efforts towards the development of devices relying on materials with intrinsic transduction properties. These materials, often termed as “smart or “intelligent , include improved piezoelectrics and magnetostrictive or shape-memory materials. Emerging electromechanical transduction technologies, based on so-called ElectroActive Polymers (EAP), have gained considerable attention. EAP offer the potential for performance exceeding other smart materials, while retaining the cost and versatility inherent to polymer materials. Within the EAP family, “dielectric elastomers , are of particular interest as they show good overall performance, simplicity of structure and robustness. Dielectric elastomer transducers are rapidly emerging as high-performance “pseudo-muscular actuators, useful for different kinds of tasks. Further, in addition to actuation, dielectric elastomers have also been shown to offer unique possibilities for improved generator and sensing devices. Dielectric elastomer transduction is enabling an enormous range of new applications that were precluded to any other EAP or smart-material technology until recently. This book provides a comprehensive and updated insight into dielectric elastomer transduction, covering all its fundamental aspects. The book deals with transduction principles, basic materials properties, design of efficient device architectures, material and device modelling, along with applications. Concise and comprehensive treatment for practitioners and academics Guides the reader through the latest developments in electroactive-polymer-based technology Designed for ease of use with sections on fundamentals, materials, devices, models and applications
Book Synopsis Synthesis of New and Improved Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Materials by : Erin Askounis
Download or read book Synthesis of New and Improved Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Materials written by Erin Askounis and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimuli-responsive polymers are materials that undergo physical or chemical properties changes triggered by light, temperature, mechanical force, insertion of small molecules, electric fields, magnetic fields, or pH. Stimuli-responsive materials can be designed for a desired physical response, such as compression, shape change, or variable stiffness and have been used in coatings, sensors, drug delivery, self-healing, and mechanical actuators. Some stimuli-responsive materials utilize several trigger mechanisms to amplify and increase the resulting change in physical properties. For example, cellulose polymer nanocomposites exhibit stiffness changes triggered by both water and temperature to increase the modulus differential of the material. The modulus ranges from GPa range to the low MPa range with the assistance of the dual-stimuli technique. Although this modulus differential is large, for applications in biomaterials, the low-end modulus of the material must be in the kPa range to limit mechanical mismatch of an implant for practical use. Another category of stimuli-responsive materials is dielectric elastomer materials, electric-field responsive materials that expand and contract with an applied voltage. Rather than change stiffness, these materials change shape. When sandwiched between two compliant electrodes and an electric field is applied, the material is compressed by the attraction of the opposite charges formed on the electrodes. With electro-response, these materials are useful in soft robotics applications, however, commercially available dielectric elastomer materials require prestretching for high actuation performance and are incapable of molecular modification. Additionally, dielectric elastomers are difficult to process due to the crosslinked nature, a controlled synthetic approach to more precisely design molecular architectures is desired. Overall, these materials can be precisely tuned to respond to triggers based on the application requirements. Synthesizing and optimizing new stimuli- responsive materials that are precisely tuned opens the door for expanded applications in fields such as biomedicine or soft robotics. The research outlined in this dissertation focuses on the synthesis and fabrication of novel stimuli- responsive polymer materials to address challenges previously outlined. The main body of this dissertation describes new cellulose polymer composite materials with ultra-wide stiffness range, new dielectric elastomers with high actuation performance without prestretch, and new BAB triblock copolymers with variable stiffness. The first chapter surveys current stimuli-responsive polymer materials technology with a focus on thermo-responsive, photo-responsive, electro-responsive, and dual responsive materials. The second chapter outlines research aimed to increase the modulus differential in cellulose composite materials using a thermo-responsive variable stiffness polymer and cellulose microfibers. The resulting composite utilizes two stimuli, the first is temperature to soften the stiff polymer matrix by melting the crystalline segments to form a soft crosslinked polymer. The second stimulus is the addition of water, to nullify the reinforcing network formed by percolating cellulose fibers and further soften the material. The material exhibits an ultra wide modulus differential from 1 GPa down to 40 kPa stimulated by water and temperature. An ultra wide modulus range allows for further applications development with potential for biomedical devices. The third chapter outlines a new dielectric elastomer (DE) material that exhibits performance similar to commercially available materials in an aim to address the limitations of prestretching and to introduce DEs capable of modification. A bimodal interpenetrating crosslinked network was established by combining a short chain di-functional acrylate monomer with a long-chain high molecular weight di-functional acrylate monomer to form a material with mechanical properties similar to commercially available DEs. Additional mono-functional diluents were added to further tune the electro-mechanical properties and improve performance. The new DE exhibited maximum actuation strains near 200% and rapid response over 100% strain at 2 Hz. The new DE material exhibits performance higher than other synthetic dielectric elastomer and opens the door to optimization of DE materials for a new generation of polymer actuator materials. The fourth and last chapter of the main text presents a comparison study of three different length BAB triblock copolymers in an aim to synthesize a triblock copolymer for use as a bistable electroactive polymer (BSEP). BSEP materials are stiff at room temperature and softened at elevated temperature to actuate as dielectric elastomers. BSEP is typically processed by bulk polymerization making it difficult to modify post-fabrication. In the BAB polymer described, a two-sided RAFT chain transfer agent was synthesized, for symmetrical synthetic processing, using poly (ethylene glycol) for high stiffness at room temperature and increased flexibility at elevated temperature. The poly (stearyl acrylate) B-blocks were then incorporated to add further stiffness at room temperature and control the material microstructure. Of the three BAB copolymers synthesized, two exhibited variable stiffness from 1 GPa to 10 kPa with spherulite microstructural formations confirmed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. By introducing a controlled synthetic pathway using RAFT living polymerization, these materials can be finely tuned for specific properties before and after fabrication.
Book Synopsis Synthesizing A Phase Changing Bistable Electroactive Polymer And Silver Nanoparticles Coated Fabric As A Resistive Heating Element by : Zhi Ren
Download or read book Synthesizing A Phase Changing Bistable Electroactive Polymer And Silver Nanoparticles Coated Fabric As A Resistive Heating Element written by Zhi Ren and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transducer technologies that convert energy from one form to another (e.g. electrical energy to mechanical energy or thermal energy and vise versa) are considered as the basic building blocks of robots and wearable electronics, two of the rapidly emerging technologies that impact our daily life. With an emphasis on developing the essential smart materials, this dissertation focuses on two specific transducer technologies, bistable large-strain electro-mechanical actuation and resistive Joule heating, in pursuit of refreshable Braille electronic displays and wearable thermal management element, respectively. Dielectric elastomers (DEs) have been intensively studied for their promising ability to mimic human muscles in providing efficient electro-mechanical actuation. They exhibit a unique combination of properties, including large strain, fast response, high energy density, mechanical compliancy, lightweight, and low cost. However, the softness of the DE materials, which is a prerequisite for electrically induced large actuation strain, has been hindering their application in adaptive structures. In these applications such as braille displays, a certain amount of mechanical support is necessary in addition to large strains for the device or system to function. Bistable electroactive polymers (BSEP) that leverage the electrically induced large-strain actuation of DE actuators and the bi-stable rigid-to-rigid deformation of shape memory polymers are innovated to provide large electrical actuation strain in their rubbery state and fix the deformation by cooling down to room temperature to incorporate mechanical rigidity. BSEP materials that can suppress electromechanical instability and exhibit stable mechanical properties in the rubbery state are desired. A bimodal BSEP material with a glass transition temperature right above room temperature has been synthesized employing simple UV curing process. The BSEP has a large storage modulus over 1GPa at room temperature that decreases to several MPa at above 70 C after a rigid-to-rubbery transition via glass transition. The rubbery BSEP possesses a stable storage modulus regardless of temperature fluctuations, which is beneficial to stable electrical actuation performances under an electric field. The bimodal structure creates a framework involving both long chain crosslinkers and small molecular crosslinkers. Due to the limited chain extensibility of this bimodal framework, the rubbery BSEP can self-stiffen at modest strains to suppress electromechanical instability, which is responsible for the premature electrical breakdown of the previous BSEP materials in their rubbery states. A BSEP actuator with a braille dot size exhibits steadily increased actuation height with increasing electric field at 70 C. A stable actuation with a cycle lifetime of over 2000 cycles at a raised dot height of 0.4 mm was demonstrated. A fabrication process for a page-size braille paper using the BSEP has been developed. A selective heating strategy has been investigated based on a 2-cell device to provide a selective actuation strategy of BSEP braille dots. The preceding BSEP enters its rubbery state via glass transition at above 70 C, where electrical actuation takes place. This actuation temperature has to be lowered in order to shorten the heating or cooling time for the reversible rigid-to-rubbery transition and to reduce thermal energy consumption. A phase changing bistable electroactive polymer based on stearyl acrylate (SA, or octadecyl acrylate) and urethane diacrylate oligomer (UDA, difunctional long chain crosslinker) has been synthesized to provide sharp rigid-to-rubbery transition (narrow temperature range of about 10 C). At room temperature, the stearyl acrylate moieties are crystallized and harden the SA-UDA copolymers with a storage modulus of 10-100MPa. These aggregates melt at an elevated temperature (below 50 C) with dangling octadecyl chains softening the polymer in its rubbery state. The difference of the storage modulus between the rigid state and the rubbery state ensures good shape memory properties of the SA-UDA polymers with both fixation and relaxation rate of 100%. The SA-UDA based BSEP exhibits steadily increased actuation strain with increasing electrical field. The SA-UDA films can be actuated at 50 C up to 70% strain with the maximum actuation energy density comparable to the figure of merits of dielectric elastomers. No electromechanical instability was observed due to its self-stiffening property resulted from a similar bimodal structure as preceding bimodal BSEP. Wearable thermal management strategy has presented itself recently as a new challenge to offer an optimal thermal experience for the occupant as well as to reduce building energy usage for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). Joule heating based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coated non-woven fabric can provide a wearable localized heating element. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can grow in situ onto non-woven fabrics and form a very uniform and conductive media performing as an efficient heating element. A multistep electroless deposition was employed to initially create heterogeneous nuclei on the surface of the fabrics, which subsequently grow into AgNPs in an electroless deposition solution. The electroless deposition was conducted at a low temperature (in a 4 C refrigerator) in an Ag (I) containing deposition solution with selected metastable redox pairs such that homogeneous nucleation of silver nanoparticles is kinetically unfavorable. With an extended deposition time, AgNPs merge with each other on the surface of the polyester fabrics to form a conductive network. A sheet resistance of
Book Synopsis Dielectric Elastomer Based Devices by : Zihang Peng
Download or read book Dielectric Elastomer Based Devices written by Zihang Peng and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dielectric elastomers (DEs) can generate large deformations in response to electric stimuli. A DE film sandwiched between a pair of compliant electrodes behaves as a deformable capacitor. The electrostatic force under an electric field causes the film to shrink in thickness and expand in area. The dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) technology is superior to most other electrical actuation technologies regarding its large actuation strain, high energy density, light weight, mechanical compliancy, and low cost. However, it has been challenging to transition the DEA technology into practical products due to its low operational stability caused by material limitations (DEs and compliant electrodes) and lack of suitable multilayer fabrication processes. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used as compliant electrodes for DEAs. However, the sharp tips of CNTs induce corona discharges in air under high electric fields, eventually leading to dielectric breakdown. One focus of this dissertation is on developing a CNT-related compliant electrode with long-term stability and reliability at large strains. A bilayer electrode consisting of an ultra-thin CNT network overcoated by a thin polymer layer is introduced. The thin polymer layer serves as the dielectric barrier to suppress corona discharges of the nanotubes in air. The bilayer electrode is compliant and maintains its conductivity under large deformation. The self-clearing property of this bilayer electrode affords fault tolerance; corona discharge that could potentially leads to dielectric breakdown of the DEA is transformed into small current spikes. With the bilayer electrode, the operation stability of VHB acrylic elastomer-based DEAs is improved to 1000 cycles at 150% area strain under a square-wave voltage and 5.5-hours continuous actuation at a constant voltage. The VHB acrylic elastomer is a commonly used DE material due to its ability to sustain high electric fields and reach large actuation strains and energy densities. However, high prestrain is required to obtain the high performance. The frames used to support the prestrain limit device flexibility, reduce overall specific energy density, and cause fatigue over time. Therefore, another focus of this dissertation is to synthesize high-performance prestrain-locked VHB DEs. The prestrain-locked free-standing DE films, VHB-IPN-Ps, have lower viscoelasticity and Young's modulus as compared to highly prestrained VHB films. VHB-IPN-Ps respond to electric fields fast and reach large strains at relatively low electric fields. The DEA based on the VHB-IPN-P and the bilayer electrode can be operated over 5000 cycles at strains above 80% under a square-wave voltage stably and reliably. A multilayer stacking process based on VHB-IPN-Ps and the bilayer electrodes is also developed. This process is a hybrid of wet deposition and solid film lamination and has the potential to be scaled up for the manufacturing of multilayer DEAs. This dissertation also studies a DE derivative material, a phase-changing bistable electroactive polymer (BSEP), to enable rigid-to-rigid actuation without complex structures. Unlike most BSEPs, which have broad glass transition temperature bands over 30 C to complete the modulus change, the phase-changing BSEP undergoes reversible melting-crystallization of the polymer chains in a narrow temperature band, resulting in a modulus change within 10 C.A tactile display of Braille standard resolution was explored based on the phase-changing BSEP. It employed 'Prestretch-Pattern-Protect-Release' to pattern the serpentine electrode for Joule heating to administer the phase change under a pneumatic actuation mechanism to deform the polymer at the softened state. This work has improved the phase-changing BSEP to achieve over 1000-folds modulus change within 3 C.A laser-engraving process is adopted to pattern the serpentine electrode for localized Joule heating with high resolution. The resulting tactile display achieves large vertical displacements of the Braille dots and high blocking forces under a low power supply. This tactile display may potentially be made user-safe and cost-effective in various tactile-display-related devices.
Book Synopsis Liquid Crystal Elastomers by : Mark Warner
Download or read book Liquid Crystal Elastomers written by Mark Warner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-05 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is a primer for liquid crystals, polymers, rubber and elasticity. It is directed at physicists, chemists, material scientists, engineers and applied mathematicians at the graduate student level and beyond.
Book Synopsis Improvement of Elastomer Elongation and Output for Dielectric Elastomers by : Seiki Augustine Chiba
Download or read book Improvement of Elastomer Elongation and Output for Dielectric Elastomers written by Seiki Augustine Chiba and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for light, high-strength, and artificial muscles is growing rapidly. A well-known type of artificial muscle meeting these requirements is the dielectric elastic (DE) type, which uses electrostatic force between electrodes. In hopes of utilizing, it practically for a variety of purposes, research and development is rapidly progressing all over the world as a technology for practical use. Much of the market demand is dominated by more output-focused applications such as DE power suits, DE motors, DE muscles for robots, and larger DE power systems. To meet these demands, the elasticity of the elastomer is very important. In this paper, we discussed what the important factors are for SS curves, viscoelasticity tests, etc. of the dielectric elastomer materials. Recent attempts have been also made to use new carbon foam materials such as SWCNTs and MWCNTs as electrodes for DEs. These electrodes bring the elastomers to a higher level of performance.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on New Materials, Machinery and Vehicle Engineering by : J. Xu
Download or read book Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on New Materials, Machinery and Vehicle Engineering written by J. Xu and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2022-05-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New materials are constantly being developed which may improve or transform many aspects of our lives, and nowhere is this more exciting than in the fields of vehicle and machinery technology. This book presents the proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on New Materials, Machinery and Vehicle Engineering (NMMVE 2022), held as a virtual event due to the COVID-19 pandemic and travel restrictions, from 18 - 20 March 2022. NMMVE 2022 provides an international forum for researchers and engineers to present and discuss recent advances, new techniques, and applications in the fields of new materials, machinery and vehicle engineering, and attracts academics, scientists, engineers, postgraduates, and other professionals from a wide range of universities and institutions. A total of 121 submissions were received, from which 48 were accepted for inclusion in the conference and proceeding after a rigorous, standard single-blind reviewing process. The papers are grouped into 3 sections: machinery (30 papers); new materials (11 papers); and vehicle engineering (7 papers). Providing an overview of the latest developments in these fields, the book will be of interest to all those wishing to know more about new materials and machine and vehicle engineering.
Download or read book Soft Actuators written by Kinji Asaka and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the second edition of Soft Actuators, originally published in 2014, with 12 chapters added to the first edition. The subject of this new edition is current comprehensive research and development of soft actuators, covering interdisciplinary study of materials science, mechanics, electronics, robotics, and bioscience. The book includes contemporary research of actuators based on biomaterials for their potential in future artificial muscle technology. Readers will find detailed and useful information about materials, methods of synthesis, fabrication, and measurements to study soft actuators. Additionally, the topics of materials, modeling, and applications not only promote the further research and development of soft actuators, but bring benefits for utilization and industrialization. This volume makes generous use of color figures, diagrams, and photographs that provide easy-to-understand descriptions of the mechanisms, apparatus, and motions of soft actuators. Also, in this second edition the chapters on modeling, materials design, and device design have been given a wider scope and made easier to comprehend, which will be helpful in practical applications of soft actuators. Readers of this work can acquire the newest technology and information about basic science and practical applications of flexible, lightweight, and noiseless soft actuators, which differ from conventional mechanical engines and electric motors. This new edition of Soft Actuators will inspire readers with fresh ideas and encourage their research and development, thus opening up a new field of applications for the utilization and industrialization of soft actuators.
Book Synopsis Dielectric Actuation of Polymers by : Xiaofan Niu
Download or read book Dielectric Actuation of Polymers written by Xiaofan Niu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dielectric polymers are widely used in a plurality of applications, such as electrical insulation, dielectric capacitors, and electromechanical actuators. Dielectric polymers with large strain deformations under an electric field are named dielectric elastomers (DE), because of their relative low modulus, high elongation at break, and outstanding resilience. Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) are superior to traditional transducers as a muscle-like technology: large strains, high energy densities, high coupling efficiency, quiet operation, and light weight. One focus of this dissertation is on the design of DE materials with high performance and easy processing. UV radiation curing of reactive species is studied as a generic synthesis methodology to provide a platform for material scientists to customize their own DE materials. Oligomers/monomers, crosslinkers, and other additives are mixed and cured at appropriate ratios to control the stress-strain response, suppress electromechanical instability of the resulting polymers, and provide stable actuation strains larger than 100% and energy densities higher than 1 J/g. The processing is largely simplified in the new material system by removal of the prestretching step. Multilayer stack actuators with 11% linear strain are demonstrated in a procedure fully compatible with industrial production. A multifunctional DE derivative material, bistable electroactive polymer (BSEP), is invented enabling repeatable rigid-to-rigid deformation without bulky external structures. Bistable actuation allows the polymer actuator to have two distinct states that can support external load without device failure. Plasticizers are used to lower the glass transition temperature to 45 degree Celsius. Interpenetrating polymer network structure is established inside the BSEP to suppress electromechanical instability, providing a breakdown field of 194 MV/m and a stable bistable strain as large as 228% with a 97% strain fixity. The application of BSEP in tactile display is investigated by the prototyping of a large scale refreshable Braille display device. Braille is a critical way for the vision impaired community to learn literacy and improve life quality. Current piezoelectrics-based refreshable Braille display technologies are limited to up to 1 line of Braille text, due to the bulky size of bimorph actuators. Based on the unique actuation feature of BSEP, refreshable Braille display devices up to smartphone-size have been demonstrated by polymer sheet laminates. Dots in the devices can be individually controlled via incorporated field-driven BSEP actuators and Joule heater units. A composite material consisting of silver nanowires (AgNW) embedded in a polymer substrate is brought up as a compliant electrode candidate for BSEP application. The AgNW composite is highly conductive (Rs: 10 Ohm/sq) and remains conductive at strains as high as 140% (Rs:
Book Synopsis Development of Dielectric Elastomers and Blends for Actuator Applications by : Ruksapong Kunanuraksapong
Download or read book Development of Dielectric Elastomers and Blends for Actuator Applications written by Ruksapong Kunanuraksapong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exoskeletons in Rehabilitation Robotics by : Eduardo Rocon
Download or read book Exoskeletons in Rehabilitation Robotics written by Eduardo Rocon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new technological advances opened widely the application field of robots. Robots are moving from the classical application scenario with structured industrial environments and tedious repetitive tasks to new application environments that require more interaction with the humans. It is in this context that the concept of Wearable Robots (WRs) has emerged. One of the most exciting and challenging aspects in the design of biomechatronics wearable robots is that the human takes a place in the design, this fact imposes several restrictions and requirements in the design of this sort of devices. The key distinctive aspect in wearable robots is their intrinsic dual cognitive and physical interaction with humans. The key role of a robot in a physical human–robot interaction (pHRI) is the generation of supplementary forces to empower and overcome human physical limits. The crucial role of a cognitive human–robot interaction (cHRI) is to make the human aware of the possibilities of the robot while allowing them to maintain control of the robot at all times. This book gives a general overview of the robotics exoskeletons and introduces the reader to this robotic field. Moreover, it describes the development of an upper limb exoskeleton for tremor suppression in order to illustrate the influence of a specific application in the designs decisions.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Actuation and Instabilities in Dielectric Elastomer Devices by : Pietro Liguori
Download or read book Analysis of Actuation and Instabilities in Dielectric Elastomer Devices written by Pietro Liguori and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This note is part of Quality testing.
Book Synopsis Inkjet Printing as a Fabrication Tool for Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Electrodes and Microfluidics by : Canangama Arachchige Vimantha Sahan Jayatissa
Download or read book Inkjet Printing as a Fabrication Tool for Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Electrodes and Microfluidics written by Canangama Arachchige Vimantha Sahan Jayatissa and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrostatic actuators, like Dielectric Elastomer Actuators (DEA), have provided new avenues of research in soft robotics due to their high strain, high energy density, simple physical structure and compliance. The actuation characteristics of a DEA are heavily influenced by electrode shape, materials and thickness homogeneity and producing reproducible electrodes results in better actuation that improves the applications that utilize DEAs. Current fabrication methods have limitations that prevent the rapid prototyping of different electrode designs consistently. The use of inkjet printing as a fabrication methods for electrodes is explored. Material properties, like viscosity and surface tension, play an important role in the development of a printable ink. The effects of these properties were analysed. To enable better optimization of inks, a reusable cartridge for the inkjet printer (Dimatix DMP 2850) used was developed. The ink development and printing of carbon-black electrodes was carried out initially. However, creating an ink and jetting waveform for carbon-based electrodes was seen to be a tedious, time-consuming task. A novel method of electrode fabrication using a printed sacrificial layer is presented as a means to deal with this issue. The development printable sacrificial layer ink is presented and a quantitative analysis of the effects of the addition of a surfactant to the ink is carried out. The method helps utilize the advantages of inkjet printing as a fabrication method while still allowing use of different electrode materials. The use of the printed sacrificial layer for the fabrication of microfluidic channels and reservoirs was explored. The process for creating a fully printed, DEA integrated microfluidic chip was presented and it was used for the fabrication of a hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic (HASEL) actuator , which is another type of a electrostatic actuator. Further developments would include refining the fabrication process and exploring its use in other electrostatic actuator applications.
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Dielectric Elastomers and Fabrication of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators for Artificial Muscle Applications by : William Lai
Download or read book Characteristics of Dielectric Elastomers and Fabrication of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators for Artificial Muscle Applications written by William Lai and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Artificial Muscle Actuators using Electroactive Polymers by : Pietro Vincenzini
Download or read book Artificial Muscle Actuators using Electroactive Polymers written by Pietro Vincenzini and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2008-09-02 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 27 peer-reviewed papers collected here together offer a plenitude of up-to-date information on Artificial Muscle Actuators using Electroactive Polymers. The papers are conveniently arranged into the chapters: 1: Materials; 2: Analysis, physical mechanisms and characterization; 3: Devices and applications. This special volume has also been published online in the series, Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 61.
Book Synopsis Electroactive Polymers for Robotic Applications by : Kwang J. Kim
Download or read book Electroactive Polymers for Robotic Applications written by Kwang J. Kim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-17 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the fundamental properties, modeling, and demonstration of Electroactive polymers in robotic applications. It particularly details artificial muscles and sensors. In addition, the book discusses the properties and uses in robotics applications of ionic polymer–metal composite actuators and dielectric elastomers.
