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Synthesis Structure And Antimicrobial Properties Of New Silveri And Palladiumii N Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Derived From Benz Imidazol 2 Ylidenes
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Book Synopsis Synthesis, Structure and Antimicrobial Properties of New Silver(I)- and Palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Derived from [BENZ] Imidazol-2-ylidenes by : Patrick O. Asekunowo
Download or read book Synthesis, Structure and Antimicrobial Properties of New Silver(I)- and Palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Derived from [BENZ] Imidazol-2-ylidenes written by Patrick O. Asekunowo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver(I) N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes by : Abdulkareen Modupe Melaiye
Download or read book Synthesis and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver(I) N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes written by Abdulkareen Modupe Melaiye and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "New symmetric and asymmetric types of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors, grouped into mono-dentate, bi-dentate and tri-dentate chelating ligands, were synthesized. The reaction of the carbene precursors with silver(I) oxide in methanol at room temperature affords the silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. The solubility and stability of silver(I) NHC complexes in water depends on the ligand and counter anion. In-vitro test of water soluble silver(I) NHC complex, [AgC1--N5O2H21] [OH]− 3a shows antimicrobial activity as good as 0.5 % AgNO3 using the same amount of silver on pathogenic bacteria and fungi of clinical importance. The encapsulation of Ag(I) NHC complexes, [Ag2C34N10O4H]2 2[OH]− 6 and [Ag3C54N12O2H]3+[Br]− 2[OH]− 8a respectively by electrospinning technique, delivers bioactive nanosilver ions which improved the antimicrobial activity of the Ag(I) NHC over the un-encapsulated forms. The electrospun mat of 6 sustained the release of bioactive nanosilver ions for at least seven days. Electrospun fiber mat containing 75% of 6 showed improved antimicrobial efficacies in-vitro over silver sulfadiazine cream (SSD), with the rate of bactericidal activity six fold faster than SSD and ca. the same rate as 0.5% AgNO3. The amount of silver in the fiber mat is six times lower than SSD and 8 fold lower than 0.5% AgNO3. The size of the nanosilver ions of electrospun mat of 6 is
Download or read book Benzimidazole written by and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-07-13 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benzimidazole is a comprehensive survey of the known and new methods of benzimidazole synthesis, the spectral and theoretical aspects of existing benzimidazole derivatives, and the anticancer properties of a new class of benzimidazole derivatives. This book examines aspects and newer mechanisms of benzimidazoles containing heterocyclic moiety. Chapters report on anticancer properties of benzimidazole derivatives, novel methods of synthesis of benzimidazoles, versatile nature of the benzimidazoles, spectral and theoretical studies of benzimidazole derivatives, and medicinal importance and pharmacological aspects of benzimidazole derivatives.
Book Synopsis Redox-active Silver N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes by : Kotiba Malek
Download or read book Redox-active Silver N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes written by Kotiba Malek and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial resistance to current ß-lactam antibiotics necessitates new therapeutic approaches. Silver-based drugs offer a promising alternative because of their antibacterial properties and minimal bacterial resistance. However, many silver-based antibacterial drugs rapidly release silver ions, limiting the bioavailability of silver ions for a longer period of time. Recently, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) containing silver complexes have become a popular subject of research due to their versatility and the slow release of silver ions under biological conditions. To further enhance the efficacy of silver-NHC drugs, we fused redox-active substituents such as naphthoquinone and ferrocenes to NHCs. Both naphthoquinone and ferrocenes have been shown to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) under biological conditions that may augment the antibacterial action of redox-active silver-NHC complexes. Herein, we report synthesis and characterization of several redox-active silver-NHC complexes, 1-(ferrocenylmethyl)-3-mesityl-imidazol-2-ylidene silver chloride [(2)AgCl] (compound 6), 1,3-di (ferrocenylmethyl)imidazol-2-ylidene silver chloride [(3)AgCl] (compound 7), bis (1-benzyl-3-mesitylimidazol-2-ylidene) silver chloride [(1)2Ag][Cl], (compound 9), Bis (1-(ferrocenylmethyl)-3-mesityl-imidazol-2-ylidene) silver chloride [(2)2Ag][Cl] (compound 10), Bis (1,3 di(ferrocenylmethyl)imidazole-2-ylidene) silver chloride [(3)2Ag][Cl] (compound 11), and bis (1,3-dimesityl-4,5-naphthoquino-imidazol-2-ylidene) silver chloride [(4)2Ag][Cl] (compound 12). Complexes were identified and confirmed via various analytical techniques, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray crystallography.A series of cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry experiments were conducted on the complexes to investigate their electrochemical properties. Complexes [(2)AgCl], [(3)AgCl], [(2)2Ag][Cl], [(2)2Ag][Cl], [(3)2Ag][Cl], and [(4)2Ag][Cl] exhibited redox activity attributed to the presence of ferrocene and naphthoquinone moiety. Their antibacterial properties were tested against gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and showed excellent antibacterial properties that are comparable to previously reported silver-NHC complexes. All silver-NHC complexes detailed in this report exhibit MIC and MBC values in the range of 2-12.5 æg/mL. Further mechanistic studies are necessary to elucidate the manner in which these complexes affect bacterial cells.
Book Synopsis Pincer Compounds by : David Morales-Morales
Download or read book Pincer Compounds written by David Morales-Morales and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-04-11 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pincer Compounds: Chemistry and Applications offers valuable state-of-the-art coverage highlighting highly active areas of research—from mechanistic work to synthesis and characterization. The book focuses on small molecule activation chemistry (particularly H2 and hydrogenation), earth abundant metals (such as Fe), actinides, carbene-pincers, chiral catalysis, and alternative solvent usage. The book covers the current state of the field, featuring chapters from renowned contributors, covering four continents and ranging from still-active pioneers to new names emerging as creative strong contributors to this fascinating and promising area. Over a decade since the publication of Morales-Morales and Jensen’s The Chemistry of Pincer Compounds (Elsevier 2007), research in this unique area has flourished, finding a plethora of applications in almost every single branch of chemistry—from their traditional application as very robust and active catalysts all the way to potential biological and pharmaceutical applications. Describes the chemistry and applications of this important class of organometallic and coordination compounds Includes contributions from global leaders in the field, featuring pioneers in the area as well as emerging experts conducting exciting research on pincer complexes Highlights areas of promising and active research, including small molecule activation, earth abundant metals, and actinide chemistry
Book Synopsis Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Silver Carbene Complexes and Their Precursors by : Brian D. Wright
Download or read book Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Silver Carbene Complexes and Their Precursors written by Brian D. Wright and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of the first stable silver N-heterocyclic carbene complex by Arduengo in 1991, the field of silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes has expanded greatly. These complexes have been studied extensively for use in catalysis, as transmetallation agents, and more recently for pharmaceutical applications. Silver has been used for centuries as an anti-microbial agent, and more recently has been shown to have anti-tumor activity as well. Combination with the easily modified N-heterocyclic carbene ligand yields a drug that can be rationally designed for increased water solubility, increased lipophilicity, or to increase activity. These complexes have shown great results, and will be the main focus of this dissertation. Chapter 1 of this dissertation reviews silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as promising antimicrobial agents and the evolution of the field over the past two decades. Chapter 2 discusses the synthesis of a new N-heterocyclic carbene backbone, 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorobenzimidazole, and the corresponding silver complexes for antimicrobial use. These complexes were then examined in vitro against a panel of clinical bacteria, displaying inhibitory concentrations between 0.25-4 [micrograms]/mL. Additionally, two of the silver complexes displayed antimicrobial activity against a silver-resistant E. coli strain. Chapter 3 discusses the rational design of several new naphthalene containing imidazolium cations, the precursors to silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes, for the use as anti-tumor drugs. These new imidazolium cations have been designed to increase water solubility, anti-tumor activity, and encapsulation efficiency into biodegradable delivery devices through modification of the substituents. These cations have demonstrated in vitro anti-tumor activity comparable to cisplatin against three types of lung cancer. The anti-tumor activity increased with the increase in the length of the alkyl chain substituent. Additionally, it was noted that the position of the alkyl chain on the naphthalene rings did not affect the anti-tumor activity of the cations. Chapter 4 discusses the in vitro anti-tumor activity of silver carbene complexes based on selected imidazolium cations from chapter 3. These complexes have demonstrated an increase in water solubility in comparison to previously reported silver N-heterocyclic carbene anti-tumor complexes. Additionally, the complexes have displayed anti-tumor activity at clinically relevant levels, demonstrating IC50 values ranging from 5-25 [micrograms]/mL. In general, the anti-tumor activity increased as the length of the alkyl chain on the ligand increased. The highest activity was displayed by SCC44, which unlike the other complexes contained two naphthalene rings.
Download or read book Inorganic Syntheses, Volume 35 written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-08-13 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Inorganic Syntheses series provides all users of inorganic substances with detailed and foolproof procedures for the preparation of important and timely compounds. Includes complete, up-to-date procedures involving important inorganic substances Contains subject, contributor, and formula indexes
Book Synopsis N-heterocyclic Carbene Silver(I) Complexes from Xanthines and Their Antimicrobial Applications by : Aysegul Kascatan Nebioglu
Download or read book N-heterocyclic Carbene Silver(I) Complexes from Xanthines and Their Antimicrobial Applications written by Aysegul Kascatan Nebioglu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This dissertation discusses a newly growing area of the synthesis from xanthine ligands of new silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes and their potential antimicrobial use in cystic fibrosis lung infections. In chapter I, the ligand properties of NHCs and the synthetic methods for the formation of silver(I) NHC complexes are outlined. An overview of silver antimicrobials and previously synthesized silver(I) NHC complexes from pyridine linked and tripodal imidazolium salts for the topical applications is discussed. Furthermore, a brief summary of cystic fibrosis is given. Chapter II presents the introductory studies to explore the NHC silver(I) chemistry of caffeine. Formation and characterization of mono and dinuclear bis(NHC) silver(I) complexes from different methylated caffeine salts are given. Chapter III focuses on the formation of an NHC-silver(I) acetate complex from the iodide salt of methylated caffeine. This complex demonstrates a promising antimicrobial activity against numerous resistant respiratory pathogens including members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex which causes a high rate of mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis. Synthesis of NHC silver(I) complexes from theophylline derivatives is given in chapter IV. The antimicrobial activity of these complexes against the same pathogens used in chapter III is presented. In chapter V, the use of a bis(NHC) silver(I) complex from methylated caffeine as a carbene transfer agent is demonstrated and formation of a Rh(I) NHC complex is outlined. Furthermore, the synthesis and characterization of Pt(II) and Pd(II) NHC complexes of methylated caffeine are presented."--Abstract.
Book Synopsis The Medicinal Applications and Stability Evaluation of Silver(I) Carbene Complexes by : Khadijah M. Hindi
Download or read book The Medicinal Applications and Stability Evaluation of Silver(I) Carbene Complexes written by Khadijah M. Hindi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation of the first transition metal complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) by Öfele and Wanzlick in 1968 and the discovery of the first stable and isolable free carbenes by Arduengo in 1991 fostered the growth of this fundamental area of chemical research. Currently, NHCs and their metal complexes are intensely studied for applications such as catalysis and most recently their pharmaceutical properties. The latter has shown promising results and thus will be the primary focus of this dissertation. In general, this dissertation will provide a description of the synthesis and antimicrobial properties of a novel class of silver NHC complexes derived from 4,5-dichloroimidazole and a comparison of its enhanced stability in relation to other silver NHCs synthesized in our laboratory. Chapter 1, the introduction, provides an overview of the medicinal applications of various metal NHC complexes including silver, gold, ruthenium, rhodium, and palladium. This follows a necessary discussion of the known properties of the metals including antimicrobial, antitumor, toxicity, resistance and proposed mechanisms of action. Chapter 2, discusses the synthesis, properties, and antimicrobial activity of a silver(I) acetate NHC complex derived from 4,5-dichloroimidazole with enhanced stability. This discussion is coupled with a comparison to two other structurally similar complexes lacking similar enhanced stability properties. Chapter 3 will provide a detailed account of the stability of the silver NHC complex reported in chapter 2 in various forms of aqueous media formulations including D2O, 0.9% NaCl/D2O, and broth/D2O mixtures utilizing NMR spectral techniques. Chapter 4 will focus on the synthesis of a silver NHC complex bearing a lipophilic substituent, its incorporation into L-tyrosine polyphosphate (LTP) nanospheres, and its in vivo antimicrobial efficacy when delivered to mice inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chapter 5 is devoted to the synthesis and characterization of imidazolium salt precursors functionalized with a variety of substituents and their corresponding silver NHC complexes. In chapter 6, the potential use of several different silver NHC complexes as a treatment of Onychomycosis, a common fungal infection of the nails is explored. The in vitro antifungal activity and penetration potential is reported.
Book Synopsis A Stability Comparison and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Gold N-heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Silver Percursors by : Tammy J. Siciliano
Download or read book A Stability Comparison and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Gold N-heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Silver Percursors written by Tammy J. Siciliano and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The synthesis of the first metal N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes by Öfele and Wanzlick started an exciting new class of coordination chemistry. The isolation of the first free carbene by Arduengo provided a novel route from which numerous NHC metal complexes have been made. Among their many applications, the potential for therapeutic use has been an area of growing interest and a topic of this review. The first gold NHC complex synthesized from its silver NHC precursor by Lin revolutionized the frontier for simple gold NHC generation to which this review is rooted. Chapter 1 provides a review on past and current routes by which gold(I) and gold(III) NHC complexes have been synthesized. The discussion focuses on their structural comparisons and a detailed history of the medicinal use of gold is presented before exploring their current role in the field. In Chapter 2, the stability of gold-(bis)NHC complexes in aqueous and physiological solution is discussed in comparison to their silver-(bis)NHC precursors. Silver has been used as an antimicrobial agent for thousands of years and the antimicrobial properties of both are explored. Chapter 3 focuses further on water stability and antimicrobial properties as it is applied to silver acetate NHC complexes in comparison to silver- and gold-(bis)NHC analogues. Imidazolium salts, NHC precursors, have been shown to possess antimicrobial properties. Chapter 4 investigates these properties on synthesized imidazolium salts with a variety of functional groups on varying positions of the imidazole ring. There are several different types of silver dressings commercially available. Chapter 5 evaluates the antimicrobial effectiveness of eight such dressings and comparisons are made.
Book Synopsis Silver(I) and Gold(I) N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes by : Semih Durmus
Download or read book Silver(I) and Gold(I) N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes written by Semih Durmus and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The introduction of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) to organometallic and inorganic chemistry was achieved by the synthesis and isolation of chromium and mercury NHC complexes by Öfele and Wanzlick in 1968. The synthesis and characterization of numerous carbene metal complexes by Lappert et al were a significant contribution to this area of chemistry. NHCs have become an important area of research after the isolation of the first stable carbene by Arduengo in 1991. In chapter 1, the synthesis and biological activities of NHCs and their silver(I) and gold(I) derivatives are discussed. In chapter 2, the synthesis and characterization of an imidazolium-linked cyclophane is discussed as well as its potential use as a medicinal agent. In chapter 3, the synthesis and characterization of a silver(I) NHC complex is reported. The antimicrobial activity of the silver(I) NHC complex is also reported against clinically important bacteria. In chapter 4, the synthesis of a variety of silver(I) NHC complexes and their carbene transfer reactions to gold(I) reagents are reported. The gold(I) NHC complexes are also investigated for their anticancer properties. In chapter 5, the use of urocanic acid as NHC precursor is reported. The synthesis and characterization of the first silver(I) NHC complex derived from biological molecule urocanic acid is discussed as well as its antimicrobial activity."--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Antimicrobial and Antitumor Properties of Free and Poly(ethylene Glycol)-poly(lactic Acid) Encapsulated Silver N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes by : Amanda R. Knapp
Download or read book Antimicrobial and Antitumor Properties of Free and Poly(ethylene Glycol)-poly(lactic Acid) Encapsulated Silver N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes written by Amanda R. Knapp and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the development of the first metal N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) by Ofele and Wanzlick in the 1960s, investigation into this area has grown dramatically, especially after the synthesis of the first stable free metal carbene in 1991 by Arduengo. Since that time, metal carbenes have been synthesized for applications related to catalysis and more recently therapeutics. Research in the Youngs group has focused on applying the synthetic routes of Lin to make a variety of silver NHCs for medicinal purposes. More recently, encapsulation of the silver NHCs into nanoparticles have been investigated for sustained release and systemic delivery of the therapeutics. This dissertation will focus on both the synthesis of some new silver NHCs as well as their encapsulation into biodegradable nanoparticles. Chapter 1 discusses the advantage of using silver as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent, as well as why NHCs were chosen. It will also provide an overview of research in the area of nanoparticles that are relavent to encapsulation of our silver NHC complexes. Chapter 2 details the synthesis of two new silver NHCs with methylbenzoate substituents attached, as well as the antimicrobial activity of these compounds. Chapter 3 describes a series of mono-halogenated compounds that were synthesized in order to determine their water-stability using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Chapter 4 will discuss the synthesis of one of our most active compounds to date as well as its encapsulation into the biodegradable, FDA approved nanoparticle poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) (PEG-PLA). The efficacy of the silver NHC-encapsulated nanoparticle on a small-cell lung cancer line is also presented. Finally, Chapter 5 will describe the in vivo toxicity results of the same nanoparticle system performed on two different strains of mice utilizing two different delivery methods, including nebulization and intravenous injection, to demonstrate the potential of this silver NHC-nanoparticle for antimicrobial and anticancer applications.
Book Synopsis The Mizoroki-Heck Reaction by : Martin Oestreich
Download or read book The Mizoroki-Heck Reaction written by Martin Oestreich and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-11 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the importance of Richard F. Heck’s carbon coupling reaction, this book highlights the subject of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis, and includes a foreword from Nobel Prize winner Richard F. Heck. The Mizoroki-Heck reaction is a palladium-catalyzed carbon–carbon bond forming process which is widely used in organic and organometallic synthesis. It has seen increasing use in the past decade as chemists look for strategies enabling the controlled construction of complex carbon skeletons. The Mizoroki-Heck Reaction is the first dedicated volume on this important reaction, including topics on: mechanisms of the Mizoroki-Heck reaction intermolecular Mizoroki-Heck reactions focus on regioselectivity and product outcome in organic synthesis waste-minimized Mizoroki-Heck reactions intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reactions formation of heterocycles chelation-controlled Mizoroki-Heck reactions the Mizoroki-Heck reaction in domino processes oxidative heck-type reactions (Fujiwara-Moritani reactions) Mizoroki-Heck reactions with metals other than palladium ligand design for intermolecular asymmetric Mizoroki-Heck reactions intramolecular enantioselective Mizoroki-Heck reactions desymmetrizing Mizoroki-Heck reactions applications in combinatorial and solid phase syntheses, and the development of modern solvent systems and reaction techniques the asymmetric intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction in natural product total synthesis Several chapters are devoted to asymmetric Heck reactions with particular focus on the construction of otherwise difficult-to-obtain sterically congested tertiary and quaternary carbons. Industrial and academic applications are highlighted in the final section. The Mizoroki-Heck Reaction will find a place on the bookshelves of any organic or organometallic chemist. “I am convinced that this book will rapidly become the most important reference text for research chemists in academia and industry who seek orientation in the rapidly growing and – for the layman – confusing field described as the “’Mizoroki–Heck reaction’.” (Synthesis, March 2010)
Book Synopsis Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Studies of New Silver(i)-n-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Derived from Nitrile-functionalized Imidazolium Salts by : Zetty Zulikha Hafiz
Download or read book Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Studies of New Silver(i)-n-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Derived from Nitrile-functionalized Imidazolium Salts written by Zetty Zulikha Hafiz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Studies of Silver and Gold N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Derived from 4,5-diarylimidazoles by : Wukun Liu
Download or read book Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Studies of Silver and Gold N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Derived from 4,5-diarylimidazoles written by Wukun Liu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Functionalised Nucleophilic Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes If Silver(I) and Palladium (II) by : David John Nielsen
Download or read book Functionalised Nucleophilic Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes If Silver(I) and Palladium (II) written by David John Nielsen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modern Reduction Methods by : Pher G. Andersson
Download or read book Modern Reduction Methods written by Pher G. Andersson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-08 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its comprehensive overview of modern reduction methods, this book features high quality contributions allowing readers to find reliable solutions quickly and easily. The monograph treats the reduction of carbonyles, alkenes, imines and alkynes, as well as reductive aminations and cross and heck couplings, before finishing off with sections on kinetic resolutions and hydrogenolysis. An indispensable lab companion for every chemist.
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