Synthesis Of Platinum Based Nanocatalysts With Controlled Particle Parameters And Study For Their Properties In Oxidation Reactions

Download Synthesis Of Platinum Based Nanocatalysts With Controlled Particle Parameters And Study For Their Properties In Oxidation Reactions full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Synthesis Of Platinum Based Nanocatalysts With Controlled Particle Parameters And Study For Their Properties In Oxidation Reactions ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Synthesis of Platinum Based Nanocatalysts with Controlled Particle Parameters and Study for Their Properties in Oxidation Reactions

Author : Sang Youp Hwang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (981 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Synthesis of Platinum Based Nanocatalysts with Controlled Particle Parameters and Study for Their Properties in Oxidation Reactions by : Sang Youp Hwang

Download or read book Synthesis of Platinum Based Nanocatalysts with Controlled Particle Parameters and Study for Their Properties in Oxidation Reactions written by Sang Youp Hwang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Controllable nanoparticles with different morphology, alloy, composition, and sizes were investigated and analyzed. The nanoparticles, which act as a catalyst, are synthesized using solid state and wet chemistry method. The synthesized catalysts also were demonstrated for the various chemical reactions, such as CO oxidation and CO preferential oxidation (PROX). Group VIII metal nanoparticles with variant morphologies are synthesized under carbon monoxide atmosphere. The important roles of CO in determining the surface formation of growing particles are studied by both experiments and density functional theory calculations, which suggest different growth mechanisms for these metals. Alumina-supported platinum-silver alloy nanoparticle (Pt-Ag/Al2O3) catalysts have been prepared using a wet chemistry method and studied for the property in carbon monoxide oxidation reaction. The Pt-Ag alloy catalyst exhibits significantly improved activity and largely decreased activation energy barrier comparing to both pure Pt and pure Ag catalysts in the room temperature range. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, in which surface Pt active sites chemisorb CO and adjacent Ag sites activate O2, was proposed and discussed for explaining the promoted CO oxidation kinetics on the Pt-Ag alloy. Octahedral Pt3Ni alloy nanoparticles on carbon and alumina supports are prepared and tested for CO preferential oxidation (PROX) in H2. Both catalysts exhibit much superior PROX property with high activity and 100% selectivity between around RT and 100 °C. The improved activity of the octahedral Pt3Ni has been attributed to bifunctional sites mechanism. The excellent selectivity is correlated with the unique surface geometry and electronic structure of the octahedral Pt3Ni. Pt/SiO2 catalysts with different Pt nanoparticle size are prepared using an impregnation method. The 2.4 nm Pt/SiO2 exhibits improved CO oxidation activity and turnover frequency (TOF) comparing to either bigger or smaller Pt catalysts. The different catalytic activities are related with the adsorption energy, which is caused by the different electronic structure such as d-band center and work function. Cubic and spherical PtMn alloy nanoparticles on alumina were synthesized and tested for CO preferential oxidation (PROX). Both catalysts exhibited 100% CO selectivity in a wide temperature window. The extended temperature windows for CO PROX on PtMn have been attributed to a low reducibility of Mn oxide. The findings of high selectivity in a broad temperature window were confirmed using various Pt alloy catalysts with a different reducibility of surface oxide.

Controlled Synthesis of Pt-Ni Bimetallic Catalysts and Study of Their Catalytic Properties

Author : Yuen Wu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662498472
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Controlled Synthesis of Pt-Ni Bimetallic Catalysts and Study of Their Catalytic Properties by : Yuen Wu

Download or read book Controlled Synthesis of Pt-Ni Bimetallic Catalysts and Study of Their Catalytic Properties written by Yuen Wu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-14 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on the controlled synthesis of Pt–Ni bimetallic nanoparticles and the study of their catalytic properties. It discusses in detail the nucleation mechanism and the growth process of bimetallic systems, which is vital for a deeper understanding of the design of bimetallic catalysts. The author presents four pioneering studies: (1) syntheses of water-soluble octahedral, truncated octahedral, and cubic Pt–Ni nanocrystals and the study of their structure-activity relationship in model hydrogenation reactions; (2) a strategy for designing a concave Pt–Ni alloy using controllable chemical etching; (3) defect-dominated shape recovery of nanocrystals, which is a new synthesis strategy for trimetallic catalysts; (4) a sophisticated construction of Au islands on Pt−Ni, which is an ideal trimetallic nanoframe catalyst. This thesis inspires researchers working in materials, catalysis as well as other interdisciplinary areas.

Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts

Author : Radoslav Adzic
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030495663
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts by : Radoslav Adzic

Download or read book Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts written by Radoslav Adzic and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes a science and technology of a new type of electrocatalysts consisting of a single atomic layer of platinum on suitable supports. This development helped overcome three major obstacles—catalysts‘ cost, activity, and stability—for a broad range of fuel cell applications. The volume begins with a short introduction to the science of electrocatalysis, covering four reactions important for energy conversion in fuel cells. A description follows of the properties of metal monolayers on electrode surfaces, and underpotential deposition of metals. The authors then describe the concept of Pt monolayer electrocatalysts and its implications and their synthesis by galvanic displacement of less-noble metal monolayers and other methods. The main part of the book presents a discussion of catalysts’ characterization and catalytic properties of Pt monolayers for the four main reactions of electrochemical energy conversion: oxygen reduction and oxidation of hydrogen, methanol and ethanol. The book concludes with a treatment of scale-up syntheses, fuel cell tests, catalysts’ stability and application prospects.

The Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Reaction Studies OfMonodisperse Platinum Nanoparticles in Mesoporous Oxide Materials

Download The Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Reaction Studies OfMonodisperse Platinum Nanoparticles in Mesoporous Oxide Materials PDF Online Free

Author : Robert M. Rioux
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Reaction Studies OfMonodisperse Platinum Nanoparticles in Mesoporous Oxide Materials by : Robert M. Rioux

Download or read book The Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Reaction Studies OfMonodisperse Platinum Nanoparticles in Mesoporous Oxide Materials written by Robert M. Rioux and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Basic Principles in Applied Catalysis

Author : Manfred Baerns
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662059819
Total Pages : 540 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Basic Principles in Applied Catalysis by : Manfred Baerns

Download or read book Basic Principles in Applied Catalysis written by Manfred Baerns and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a team of internationally recognized experts, this book addresses the most important types of catalytic reactions and catalysts as used in industrial practice. Both applied aspects and the essential scientific principles are described. The main topics can be summarized as follows: heterogeneous, homogeneous and biocatalysis, catalyst preparation and characterization, catalytic reaction engineering and kinetics, catalyst deactivation and industrial perspective.

PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers

Author : Jiujun Zhang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1848009364
Total Pages : 1147 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (48 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers by : Jiujun Zhang

Download or read book PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers written by Jiujun Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-26 with total page 1147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising clean energy converting devices with high efficiency and low to zero emissions. Such power sources can be used in transportation, stationary, portable and micro power applications. The key components of these fuel cells are catalysts and catalyst layers. “PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers” provides a comprehensive, in-depth survey of the field, presented by internationally renowned fuel cell scientists. The opening chapters introduce the fundamentals of electrochemical theory and fuel cell catalysis. Later chapters investigate the synthesis, characterization, and activity validation of PEM fuel cell catalysts. Further chapters describe in detail the integration of the electrocatalyst/catalyst layers into the fuel cell, and their performance validation. Researchers and engineers in the fuel cell industry will find this book a valuable resource, as will students of electrochemical engineering and catalyst synthesis.

Nanocatalysts

Author : Indrajit Sinha
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789841593
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nanocatalysts by : Indrajit Sinha

Download or read book Nanocatalysts written by Indrajit Sinha and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-07-31 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocatalysis is a topical area of research that has huge potential. It attempts to merge the advantages of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. The collection of articles in this book treats the topics of specificity, activity, reusability, and stability of the catalyst and presents a compilation of articles that focuses on different aspects of these issues.

Preparation of Supported Ruthenium and Platinum Nanoparticles by Supercritical Incorporation Methods

Author : Ying Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (76 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Preparation of Supported Ruthenium and Platinum Nanoparticles by Supercritical Incorporation Methods by : Ying Zhang

Download or read book Preparation of Supported Ruthenium and Platinum Nanoparticles by Supercritical Incorporation Methods written by Ying Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Controlling the Growth and Catalytic Activity of Platinum Nanoparticles Using Peptide and Polymer Ligands

Author : Lauren Marie Forbes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781303324000
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (24 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Controlling the Growth and Catalytic Activity of Platinum Nanoparticles Using Peptide and Polymer Ligands by : Lauren Marie Forbes

Download or read book Controlling the Growth and Catalytic Activity of Platinum Nanoparticles Using Peptide and Polymer Ligands written by Lauren Marie Forbes and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogeneous catalysts have widespread industrial applications. Platinum nanomaterials in particular, due to their particularly high electrocatalytic activity and durability, are used to catalyze a wide variety of reactions, including oxygen reduction, which is frequently used as the cathode reaction in fuel cells. As platinum is a very expensive material, a high priority in fuel cell research is the exploration of less expensive, more efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We demonstrate here the use of phage display to identify peptides that bind to Pt (100) which were then used to synthesize platinum cubes in solution. However, while the peptides were able to control particle growth, the bio-synthesized Pt particles showed extremely poor activity when tested for ORR. This could be attributed to peptide coverage on the surface or strong interactions between particular amino acids and the metal that are detrimental for catalysis. To investigate this further, we decided to investigate the role of individual amino acids on Pt nanocrystal synthesis and catalysis. For this, we conjugated the R-groups of single amino acids to polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains. Through this work we have determined that the identity of the amino acid R-group is important in both the synthesis and the catalytic activity of the particles. For Pt nanoparticle synthesis, we found that the hydrophobicity of the functional groups affected their ability to interact well with the particles during nucleation and growth, and thus only the hydrophilic functional groups were capable of mediating the synthesis to produce well-defined faceted particles. With respect to ORR, we found distinct trends that showed that the inclusion of certain amino acids could significantly enhance catalysis- even at high polymer loadings. This work presents evidence that counters the common conception that organic capping ligands decrease catalytic activity; in fact activity may actually be improved over bare metal through judicious choice and design of ligands that inhibit Pt oxidation and control chain packing at the Pt surface. Therefore, it may be possible to have ligands on a nanoparticle surface that allow the particles to be well-dispersed on an electrode surface, while simultaneously enhancing catalysis.

Electrocatalytic Property of Facet-controlled Platinum Alloy Fuel Cell Catalysts

Author : Jianbo Wu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Electrocatalytic Property of Facet-controlled Platinum Alloy Fuel Cell Catalysts by : Jianbo Wu

Download or read book Electrocatalytic Property of Facet-controlled Platinum Alloy Fuel Cell Catalysts written by Jianbo Wu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "With rapid depletion of fossil fuel and the increasing concern over CO2 release, there is an urgent need to develop a new technology using alternative energy sources. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered one of the promising technologies due to their high energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Platinum has been widely used as electrocatalyst in PEMFCs because of its ability to absorb and dissociate important chemical species, such as hydrogen and oxygen. The high cost of platinum used in the electrocatalysts however hinders the real world applications of PEMFCs. It is critical that consumption of platinum be reduced without sacrificing catalytic performance. Highly active and durable electrocatalysts with low Pt content need to be developed in order to advance the fuel cell technology. Studies have demonstrated that both d-band electron and surface geometric structure can greatly affect the activity of catalysts and be optimized by tailoring their composition and surface. In this thesis I present the synthesis, characterization and electrochemical property of facet-controlled platinum bimetallic alloy nanoparticles. A series of Pt-M (M= Co, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pd) bimetallic alloys with various shapes bounded with {111} or {100} facets have been prepared and their electrocatalytic properties have been tested. The surface-defined Pt3Ni nanocrystals have exhibited enhanced activity in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is proportional to the surface ratio of {111} over {100} facets, when the shape of Pt3Ni nanocrystals changes gradually from cube to truncated octahedron, and to octahedron. Beyond the shape-controlled synthetic approach assisted by commonly used capping agents and reducing agents to produce bimetallic alloy nanocrystals with different compositions. CO, a gaseous reducing agent, was introduced to control the morphology of platinum alloys. Electrochemical stripping and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to show the strong facet-sensitive adsorption and oxidation play the key roles for the shape-controlled synthesis. This facet-preferential adsorption and oxidation property was also applied to address the issue on CO poisoning in methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The size-dependent ORR catalytic properties of {111} surface-dominated octahedral Pt3Ni nanocrystals were examined in order to narrow the gap in ORR activity shown between the nanocrystal catalysts and extended single crystal surface of Pt3Ni alloys. The area-specific ORR activities of Pt3Ni catalysts at 0.9 V were 0.85 mA/cm2 Pt for the nanocubes, and 1.26 mA/cm2 Pt for the nanooctahedra. The ORR mass activity of the octahedral Pt3Ni catalyst reached 0.44 A/mg Pt. Pt-M (M = Au, Ni, Pd) alloy icosahedral nanocrystals was obtained based on CO assisted reduction methods. The area specific activity of icosahedral Pt3Ni catalysts (1.82 mA/cm2Pt) was about 50% higher than that of the octahedral (1.26 mA/cm2Pt), even though both shapes are bounded by {111} facets. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation and molecular dynamic simulation results showed that this improvement may come from strain-induced electronic effects. A quantitative surface segregation model on durability of bimetallic alloy ORR catalysts was established by studying the anisotropic diffusion coefficient, diffusion length and atomic size of non-platinum metals"--Pages v-vi.

Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Properties of Size-selected Platinum Nanoparticles

Author : Simon Armando Mostafa Covone
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (688 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Properties of Size-selected Platinum Nanoparticles by : Simon Armando Mostafa Covone

Download or read book Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Properties of Size-selected Platinum Nanoparticles written by Simon Armando Mostafa Covone and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of heterogeneous catalysis is well established in chemical synthesis, energy, and environmental engineering applications. Supported Pt nanoparticles have been widely reported to act as catalysts in a vast number of chemical reactions. In this report, the performance of Pt/ZrO2 nanocatalyst for the decomposition of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and 2-butanol is investigated. The potential of each alcohol for the production of H2 and other relevant products in the presence of a catalyst is studied. All the alcohols studied show some decomposition activity below 200°C which increased with increasing temperature. In all cases, high selectivity towards H2 formation is observed. With the exception of methanol, all alcohol conversion reactions lead to catalyst deactivation at high temperatures (T [greater than]250°C for 2-propanol and 2-butanol, T [greater than]325°C for ethanol) due to carbon poisoning. However, long-term catalyst deactivation can be avoided by optimizing reaction conditions such as operating temperature. In addition, the performance of Pt/[gamma]-Al2O3 is evaluated in the oxidation of 2-propanol. Pt nanoclusters of similar size (~1 nm diameter) but different structure (shape) were found to display distinctively different catalytic properties. All the systems studied achieve high conversion (~ 90%) below 100°C. However, flatter particles display a lower reaction onset temperature, demonstrating superior catalytic performance. Acetone, CO2, and water are generated as products indicating that both partial and complete oxidation are taking place. A number of techniques including AFM, XPS, TEM, HAADF-TEM, XAFS as well as packed-bed reactor experiments were used for sample characterization and evaluation of catalytic performance.

The Catalysis of Uniform Metal Nanoparticles Deposited Onto Oxide Supports

Author : Nathan Musselwhite
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (928 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Catalysis of Uniform Metal Nanoparticles Deposited Onto Oxide Supports by : Nathan Musselwhite

Download or read book The Catalysis of Uniform Metal Nanoparticles Deposited Onto Oxide Supports written by Nathan Musselwhite and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Model materials consisting of metal nanoparticles loaded onto oxide supports were synthesized, characterized, and investigated in a number of catalytic chemical reactions. By varying the size, shape, and composition of nanoparticle, as well as the material used to support the nanoparticles, it was found that small changes to the catalyst can have enormous changes to the reaction activity and selectivity. Investigation of these carefully synthesized catalysts via in situ characterization, and reaction studies, leads to a deeper understanding of the molecular level parameters that govern catalysis. Through study of the properties of the nanoparticles it was discovered that nanoparticle size and shape have a dominant role in the chemoselective catalysis of furfural over platinum nanoparticles. When vapor phase furfural and hydrogen gas were passed over Pt nanoparticles ranging in size from 1.5 to 7.1 nm, the catalytic selectivity was found to be dominated by the size of the nanoparticle. Large nanoparticles promoted hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol, while smaller nanoparticles favored decarbonylation to furan. The same size specific selectivity was found in the hydrogenative reforming (the transformation of hydrocarbons to branched isomers) of C6 hydrocarbons, in which Pt nanoparticle size controls isomerization selectivity. Methylcyclopentane was found to be extremely size dependent at lower temperatures (553 K). It was found that smaller sized nanoparticles favored isomer formation, while larger sizes catalyzed the aromatization reaction more efficiently. n-hexane was found to be much less dependent on particle size, but still showed an increase in isomerization with small particles over larger sized Pt nanoparticles. The composition of PtxRh1-x bimetallic nanoparticles was also studied. These catalysts were characterized under hexane reforming conditions with Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AP-XPS), in order to find the actual surface atomic composition under real catalytic working conditions. By using AP-XPS and catalytic data in tandem, it was found that an optimum Rh loading occurred when the surface ensemble statistically favored one Rh atom surrounded by Pt atoms. By utilizing different oxide materials for catalytic supports the flow of charge can play a role in the reaction at the surface or interface in a phenomenon known as the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI). When Pt nanoparticles were loaded onto mesoporous supports made of Co3O4, NiO, MnO2, Fe2O3, and CeO2 it was found that their activity for carbon monoxide oxidation was greatly enhanced relative to the support alone or Pt loaded onto inert mesoporous silica. This finding demonstrates that the interface of the metallic Pt nanoparticle and the oxide support is able to produce turnovers that are orders of magnitude higher than the two materials separately. When the same type of experiments were investigated with n-hexane as the reactant and macroporous Al2O3, TiO2, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, and ZrO2 were utilized as supports, it was found that the reaction selectivity was greatly altered depending on the catalytic support material. TiO2, Nb2O5, and Ta2O5 (all of which are strong Lewis acids) were found to be much more selective for isomer production than the standard SiO2 mesoporous silica supported Pt nanoparticle catalyst. Finally, an acidified mesoporous silica material was utilized as the support. This material was synthesized by using AlCl3 to modify the surface of mesoporous silica. This support was found to have no activity for hexane isomerization alone. However, when Pt nanoparticles were supported on the material, the activity and isomer selectivity in hexane reforming was increased several orders of magnitude as compared to the same nanoparticles supported on unmodified mesoporous silica. This dissertation builds on the existing knowledge of known concepts in catalysis science such as structure sensitive reactions, the metal-support interaction, and acid-base chemistry. The results show how small changes in the active sites of a catalyst can create large changes in the catalytic chemistry. This research demonstrates how careful material control, characterization and reaction study can help to elucidate the molecular level components necessary to design efficient catalysts.

Development of Three Dimensional Platinum-Ruthenium/Graphene Foam Bimetallic Nanocatalysts for Methanol and Ethanol Oxidation Reactions in Energy Storage and Hydrogen Peroxide Detection in Biosensing

Download Development of Three Dimensional Platinum-Ruthenium/Graphene Foam Bimetallic Nanocatalysts for Methanol and Ethanol Oxidation Reactions in Energy Storage and Hydrogen Peroxide Detection in Biosensing PDF Online Free

Author : Chih-Chien Kung
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Development of Three Dimensional Platinum-Ruthenium/Graphene Foam Bimetallic Nanocatalysts for Methanol and Ethanol Oxidation Reactions in Energy Storage and Hydrogen Peroxide Detection in Biosensing by : Chih-Chien Kung

Download or read book Development of Three Dimensional Platinum-Ruthenium/Graphene Foam Bimetallic Nanocatalysts for Methanol and Ethanol Oxidation Reactions in Energy Storage and Hydrogen Peroxide Detection in Biosensing written by Chih-Chien Kung and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon materials have special electronic properties and are considered promising materials for batteries, biosensors, fuel cells, and optically transparent electrodes. A novel composite material of hierarchically structured PtRu nanoparticles incorporated with three dimensional graphene foam (3D GF) is reported. GF is a 3D porous architecture which holds extremely large surface and highly conductive pathways. In this study, the objective is to enhance the performance of PtRu nanocatalysts with carbon supporting materials as electrode materials for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) and direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) in anodic oxidation reaction for energy storage and for the detection of H2O2 in biosensing. This improvement is resulted from the enhanced surface area and the extended protection of the poisoning of the nanocatalyst. PtRu/3D GF nanocatalyst exhibits a remarkable performance toward electrochemical oxidation of H2O2 without any additional mediator or enzyme and has a high sensitivity (1023.1 μA mM-1 cm-2) and a low detection limit (0.04 μM). PtRu/3D GF nanocatalyst also shows a higher tolerance to poisoning CO and exhibits a good catalytic activity for both the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). This new approach confirms that the nanocatalysts which have a small particle size and a high degree of the dispersion to obtain large active surface area will provide the best performance in MOR and EOR reactions as well as for H2O2 detection in biosensing.

Engineering Platinum Alloy Electrocatalysts in Nanoscale for PEMFC Application

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (982 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Engineering Platinum Alloy Electrocatalysts in Nanoscale for PEMFC Application by :

Download or read book Engineering Platinum Alloy Electrocatalysts in Nanoscale for PEMFC Application written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel cells are expected to be a key next-generation energy source used for vehicles and homes, offering high energy conversion efficiency and minimal pollutant emissions. However, due to large overpotentials on anode and cathode, the efficiency is still much lower than theoretically predicted. During the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to investigate synergy effect of platinum alloyed with base metals. But, engineering the alloy particles in nanoscale has been a challenge. Most important challenges in developing nanostructured materials are the abilities to control size, monodispersity, microcomposition, and even morphology or self-assembly capability, so called Nanomaterials-by-Design, which requires interdisciplinary collaborations among computational modeling, chemical synthesis, nanoscale characterization as well as manufacturing processing. Electrocatalysts, particularly fuel cell catalysts, are dramatically different from heterogeneous catalysts because the surface area in micropores cannot be electrochemically controlled on the same time scale as more transport accessible surfaces. Therefore, electrocatalytic architectures need minimal microporous surface area while maximizing surfaces accessible through mesopores or macropores, and to "pin" the most active, highest performance physicochemical state of the materials even when exposed to thermodynamic forces, which would otherwise drive restructuring, crystallization, or densification of the nanoscale materials. In this presentation, results of engineering nanoscale platinum alloy particles down to 2 ~ 4 nm will be discussed. Based on nature of alloyed base metals, various synthesis technologies have been studied and developed to achieve capabilities of controlling particle size and particle microcomposition, namely, core-shell synthesis, microemulsion technique, thermal decomposition process, surface organometallic chemical method, etc. The results show that by careful engineering the particle size and microcomposition in nanoscale, it is able to achieve superior electrocatalytic activities comparing with traditional preparative methods. Examples to be discussed are high surface area carbon supported Pt, PtM binary, and PtMN ternary alloys, their synthesis processes, characterizations and electrocatalytic activities towards molecular oxygen reduction.

Solvent-Free Methods in Nanocatalysis

Author : Rafael Luque
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527348743
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Solvent-Free Methods in Nanocatalysis by : Rafael Luque

Download or read book Solvent-Free Methods in Nanocatalysis written by Rafael Luque and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-04-10 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solvent-Free Methods in Nanocatalysis Discover solvent-free approaches for the synthesis of nanocatalysts as well as various catalytic transformations in this unique one-stop resource Solvent-free methods have attracted wide attention in organic synthesis and catalysis as a promising approach towards “greener” and more sustainable chemical transformations. In this regard, nanocatalysis has seen particular growth in recent years. Solvent-Free Methods in Nanocatalysis gives an in-depth overview of nanocatalysts and their catalytic applications using solvent-free methods. After a brief introduction, it covers various synthetic techniques for the preparation of nanocatalysts and supports using solvent-free methods, e.g. ball-milling, microwave- and plasma-assisted methods. The book discusses in detail different catalyst classes, such as metal oxides, doped and functionalized nanocarbons, as well as nitride- and silica-based materials to help researchers to understand the efficiency and nature of these catalysts/supports based on their chemical structure. In the book readers will also find: A brief account of the history, challenges, and recent advances in the field Detailed discussion of advantages and disadvantages of solvent-free techniques for nanocatalyst preparation Treatment of important solvent- and catalyst-free organic transformations (i.e. oxidation, coupling and multicomponent reactions) A chapter on supported ionic liquids for solvent-free catalysis Written by leading researchers in the field, Solvent-Free Methods in Nanocatalysis is a useful reference for researchers and students working in organic synthesis, catalysis, and nanomaterials science.

Nanostructured Catalysts

Author : Christian Hess
Publisher : Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Series
ISBN 13 : 9780854041862
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (418 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nanostructured Catalysts by : Christian Hess

Download or read book Nanostructured Catalysts written by Christian Hess and published by Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Series. This book was released on 2011 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book gives a comprehensive summary of the existing information on the structural/electronic properties, chemistry and catalytic properties of vanadium and molybdenum containing catalysts. As at least one of these two elements is essential to most partial oxidation catalysts the book is of great interest to advanced students of catalysis and researchers both in academia and industry. Despite major developments in the field, the last book with a similar scope was published in 1989 and therefore a new book is overdue. The book benefits largely from the fact that the subject is a major research focus at the Department of Inorganic Chemistry amongst other departments at the Fritz Haber Institute, a world leading institution for catalysis research, ensuring an up-to-date treatise. Such an integrated approach including the relation of in situ spectroscopic results from real catalysts to those of model catalytic systems has not been accomplished before. The introductory chapter discusses the importance of nanoscience for the controlled synthesis of catalysts with functional properties. The following two chapters introduce the necessary background regarding surface properties and preparation techniques, leading from a textbook level to the current state of knowledge. The following chapter starts with an extensive survey and analysis of the existing open and patent literature, which is an essential knowledge source for the development of the new generation of partial oxidation catalysts and will be of particular value to those developing new partial oxidation catalysts. In the remaining subchapters, important examples from current research on partial oxidation reactions are reviewed from experts in the field. The next chapter discusses the importance of 2- and 3-dimensional model systems for a fundamental understanding of the structure of transition metal oxide catalysts and its correlation to reactivity. These results are related to those of the real catalytic systems. The last chapter gives an outlook on research opportunities within the area of partial oxidation reactions.

Metal Nanocrystals

Author : Kallum M. Koczkur
Publisher : American Chemical Society
ISBN 13 : 0841299013
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (412 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal Nanocrystals by : Kallum M. Koczkur

Download or read book Metal Nanocrystals written by Kallum M. Koczkur and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our society depends heavily on metals. They are ubiquitous construction materials, critical interconnects in integrated circuits, common coinage materials, and more. Excitingly, new uses for metals are emerging with the advent of nanoscience, as metal crystals with nanoscale dimensions can display new and tunable properties. The optical and photothermal properties of metal nanocrystals have led to cancer diagnosis and treatment platforms now in clinical trials, while, at the same time, the ability to tune the surface features of metal nanocrystals is giving rise to designer catalysts that enable more sustainable use of precious resources. These are just two examples of how metal nanocrystals are addressing important social needs.