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Synthesis Of Earth Abundant Non Toxic Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts For Conversion Of Renewable Carbon Sources To Drop In Fuels
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Book Synopsis Synthesis of Earth Abundant, Non Toxic Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts for Conversion of Renewable Carbon Sources to Drop-in Fuels by : Justin William Weber
Download or read book Synthesis of Earth Abundant, Non Toxic Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts for Conversion of Renewable Carbon Sources to Drop-in Fuels written by Justin William Weber and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 2-stage catalytic process for converting bio-oil oxygenates to higher value compounds for drop-in fuels was proposed. Ketonization using iron oxide catalysts prepared from red mud was implemented in a packed bed reactor system using model compounds. High levels of acetone (15-25 g/L), 2-butanone (~5 g/L), and cyclic ketones (9-13 g/L) were observed. Time-on-stream studies (8 h) indicated no measurable decline in conversion of acetol, formic acid, and levoglucosan, and only a 4% decline in acetic acid conversion. The effect of reduction pretreatment temperature on activity and surface properties of red mud was studied. Hydrogenation of ketonization products was conducted in continuous reactions using iron oxides and Pd-C catalysts. The best results were achieved in reactions using Pd-ACM (monoliths) at 180°C and 300 psi (H2), which converted ketones to alcohols at ~60-80%. Pd-C monoliths achieved higher space time yields and conversions compared to Pd-C granules.
Book Synopsis Transition Metal Oxide Layered Materials as Catalyst and Precatalyst for Green Energy Applications by : Ravneet Bhullar
Download or read book Transition Metal Oxide Layered Materials as Catalyst and Precatalyst for Green Energy Applications written by Ravneet Bhullar and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fossil fuels constitute 86% of global energy consumption. Even though fossil fuels have satisfied our energy needs for decades, they are non-renewable source of energy, and burning of fossil fuels is detrimental for the environment. Mining and extraction release toxic and heavy metals in the environment. The burning of fossil fuels release greenhouse carbon dioxide, SO2, NOX and volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere. Hence, the development of non-fossil fuel based alternative sources of energy is a logical solution to address these concerns. This thesis work primarily focused on design, development and understanding the chemistry of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, particularly transition metal oxides, birnessite and lithium cobalt oxide as catalytic materials for the conversion of renewable energy into fuels and. In order to accomplish this, we principally studied the energy intensive oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting, and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) to generate synthetic fuels. Birnessite is a 2D layered manganese dioxide material with intercalated Lewis cations and water molecules. Birnessites have been extensively investigated for their catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution reaction. In this work, we studied the influence of interstitial hydration structure on the catalytic efficiency of birnessite towards OER. The results of this study facilitated the development of upgraded, low-cost and, earth abundant catalyst for the OER. We demonstrated that the layered materials constructed from the same batch of nanosheets, but with different interlayer hydration structure exhibited significant differences in catalytic activity for chemical and electrochemical water oxidation. The dominant factor in these differences was the enhancement of relevant water fluctuations due to geometric frustration leading to enhanced electron transfer rate in the oxidation step of water splitting. Furthermore, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) and Co-doped birnessite were explored for their competence as precatalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). FTS is a commercial technology that allows converting synthesis gas, a mixture of CO and H2, into fuels and chemicals. This process is fundamentally important in the reduction of fossil fuel dependency for the energy needs. It has a great potential for generating synthetic fuels from renewable sources, such as biomass, after its gasification into synthesis gas. The synthetic fuels produced via this technology have a lower local environmental impact as compared to the conventional fuel, since it is practically free of sulfur and nitrogen impurities and yields lower exhaust emissions of hydrocarbons. The present study focused on the use of cobalt-based catalysts for the production of small to medium chain hydrocarbons (paraffins and olefins). In particular, the correlation between product selectivity and varying catalyst properties and reaction parameters was studied. In-situ studies revealed that LiCoO2 was reduced to metastable Co(hcp) and Co(fcc) nanoparticles during the activation process, providing a high surface area medium for the adsorption and hydrogenation of CO. The catalyst exhibited a high %CO conversion with small to medium chain hydrocarbon products (C2-C7). Co-doped birnessited was reduced to Co(hcp) and MnO(ccp) phases during the activation step of the FTS reaction. MnO provided an excellent medium for the dispersion and stabilization of the cobalt nanoparticles to catalyze CO-hydrogenation. Lower olefins and paraffins (C2-C4) were selectively synthesized in conjunction with low CO2 production and methane selectivity. These studies suggested that transition metal oxide based layered heterogeneous catalysts are capable of producing chemicals and fuels directly from H2-rich synthesis gas. This gas-to-chemicals process can greatly reduce CO2 emissions, thereby contributing to the mitigation of climate change and the energy needs of the future generations.
Book Synopsis Developing Enhanced Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation Using Insights from X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy by : Linsey C. Seitz
Download or read book Developing Enhanced Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation Using Insights from X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy written by Linsey C. Seitz and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efficient and economic conversion of renewable energy sources is critical for development of technologies that can shift global energy dependence away from fossil fuels. Increased global energy consumption along with heightened awareness of environmental, health, and political issues with fossil fuels are driving the need for alternative technologies. Wind and sun provide more than enough energy to meet the growing energy demand, provided that challenges with intermittency, scale, and cost-effectiveness can be overcome. These obstacles can be mitigated through development of highly active catalysts using abundant and inexpensive materials to convert solar and wind energy into fuels and chemicals. One promising method of converting solar energy into fuel is by splitting water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. This can be achieved using a monolithic photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting device which combines photon-absorbing semiconductors with catalysts that drive the respective reactions or a photovoltaic/electrolyzer system which separates these two components. The first part of this thesis presents a model to quantify loss mechanisms in PEC water splitting based on the current state of materials research and calculate maximum solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiencies. Results of this model indicate that a major limitation to the efficiency of solar-driven electrochemical water splitting is the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) which requires significant overpotential beyond the thermodynamic redox potential to proceed. The remainder of this dissertation focuses on understanding the interaction between metals in mixed metal oxide catalysts for the OER using electrochemical and advanced spectroscopic techniques towards the development of highly active and stable catalysts. Mixed metal oxide catalysts provide a robust platform for tuning binding energies of OER reaction intermediates to the catalyst surface, thereby affecting activity, through controlled material composition and geometry. We investigate two distinct mixed metal oxide catalyst systems using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to probe local geometric and electronic structure and correlate the results with changes in activity. XAS is a synchrotron based technique which provides elemental-specific information by exciting electronic transitions from core to valence orbitals at various elemental edges. XAS studies at the Co K and L edges for a cobalt titanium oxide (CoTiOx) catalyst system identify stabilization effects on the Co oxidation state and overall structure from varying amounts of Ti precursor used during material synthesis. XAS before and after catalyst exposure to OER conditions indicate that catalysts with the least long range order become most oxidized and exhibit the highest activities. Similarly, in situ XAS at the Mn K and Au LIII edges reveal that there is a charge transfer at interfacial sites between manganese oxide (MnOx) and gold (Au) under OER conditions which coincides with significantly increased OER activity compared to MnOx without Au. Our results indicate that Au facilitates stabilization of more oxidized phases of Mn at lower overpotentials, thereby allowing for earlier onset of OER and higher activity. Lastly, we present an investigation of a novel mixed metal oxide catalyst, strontium iridium oxide (SrIrO3) which has the highest reported activity for any known OER catalyst. While it depends on use of Ir, a precious metal, its remarkably high activity compared to rutile IrO2 reduces the Ir loading necessary to achieve similar current densities. In summary, this dissertation explores a broad spectrum of catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction and uses advanced material characterization methods to draw correlations between the structure, oxidation state, and catalytic activity for these materials. This work provides fundamental insight towards improving efficiency of electrochemical water oxidation processes for the conversion of renewable energy sources to fuels and chemicals.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Monoxide and Methane Over Metal and Metal Oxide Catalysts by : Wenchi Liu
Download or read book Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Monoxide and Methane Over Metal and Metal Oxide Catalysts written by Wenchi Liu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysis is of vital importance in a wide range of areas including energy processing and chemical production. Catalytic conversion of C1 sources such as carbon monoxide and methane to make hydrocarbon fuels and oxygenated products has far reaching implications especially in the context of the gradual depletion of crude oil resource and the potential surge in the natural gas production in the coming decades. The control over reaction activity and selectivity for the conversion CO and CH4 in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) have received tremendous attention and have been proved challenging. This dissertation focuses on the catalytic conversion of CO (Fischer–Tropsch synthesis) using supported cobalt based bimetallic nanoparticle model catalysts and the oxidative coupling of methane with noble metal promoted metal oxide catalysts. Using colloidal synthesis, a series of cobalt based bimetallic nanoparticles Co–M (M = Mn, Ru, Rh, and Re) with well-defined sizes, shapes, and compositions were obtained. Detailed synthesis procedures were presented and key synthetic parameters were discussed. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to extensive in-situ X-ray spectroscopy studies using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) under catalytic relevant conditions. Composition wise, the results indicate the surface concentration of Co on the as-synthesized Co–M bimetallic particles is slightly less than the bulk atomic Co %. While oxidation treatment led to a slight increase of the surface Co, major effect was seen after the reduction treatment where surface segregation of the second metal resulted in a drastic decrease of the surface Co content. The effect is more pronounced at elevated reduction temperatures. Under reaction conditions, the surface compositions remained similar to those after the reduction treatment at high temperatures. Among the bimetallics tested, the Co–Mn system is relatively less susceptible to surface reconstructions induced by oxidation and reduction treatments. In addition, the reducibility of Co was also shown to be modified depending on the second metal present and Re was proved to be most efficient in leading to a facile reduction of Co. Catalytic performance of the bimetallic catalysts supported on mesoporous silica MCF–17 indicates a positive effect in the catalytic activity for Co–Rh and Co–Mn systems, while Co–Re and Co–Cu showed decreased activity. Less pronounced promotion effect of the second metal on the product distribution was observed with only a slight increase in the selectivity towards C5+ products. The selectivities for CH4 and C5+ of the various Co–M bimetallic catalysts generally resemble those of pure Co catalysts. Although in extremely low selectivity, alcohols were also formed with Co–Rh and Co–Cu bimetallic catalysts. The appearance of longer chain alcohol such as propanol, which was not present for pure Co catalysts, is an evidence for potential synergistic promotion. For oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), the promotion effect of noble metals (Pt, Ir, and Rh) on the performance of MnxOy-Na2WO4/MCF–17 catalysts was investigated. The introduction of noble metals had little effect on the surface area and phase composition of the original catalyst but led to a more reduced nature of the surface oxide species. Catalytic study revealed an enhanced selectivity towards both C2 and C3 hydrocarbons as compared to the undoped MnxOy-Na2WO4/MCF–17 catalyst in the order of Rh-doped > Ir-doped > Pt-doped samples together with a lower olefin to paraffin ratio. A more optimized strength of interaction between the carbon intermediates and the catalyst surface was suggested, which in combination with the improved reducibility of Mn and W species are believed to be responsible for the improved performance. In addition, monodispersed leaf-like manganese–tungsten–oxide (Mn–W–Ox) nanoparticles and hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) were synthesized and used as novel catalysts in OCM reaction. Preliminary results indicate that the MCF–17 supported Mn–W–Ox nanoparticle catalyst showed a CH4 conversion of 5.4% and C2 selectivity of 42% with good stability over time. On the other hand, hydroxylated h-BN exhibited good activity (~20% CH4 conversion) with moderate selectivity towards C2 hydrocarbons (20%–30%). However, the hydroxylated h-BN catalysts faced serious deactivation, which was not eliminated by lowering the reaction temperature or the oxygen concentration in the reaction gas feed.
Book Synopsis Mechanism-Based Design of Green Oxidation Catalysts by :
Download or read book Mechanism-Based Design of Green Oxidation Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In modern era of scarce resources, developing chemical processes that can eventually generate useful materials and fuels from readily available, simple, cheap, renewable starting materials is of paramount importance. Small molecules, such as dioxygen, dinitrogen, water, or carbon dioxide, can be viewed as ideal sources of oxygen, nitrogen, or carbon atoms in synthetic applications. Living organisms perfected the art of utilizing small molecules in biosynthesis and in generating energy; photosynthesis, which couples carbohydrate synthesis from carbon dioxide with photocatalytic water splitting, is but one impressive example of possible catalytic processes. Small molecule activation in synthetic systems remains challenging, and current efforts are focused on developing catalytic reactions that can convert small molecules into useful building blocks for generating more complicated organic molecules, including fuels. Modeling nature is attractive in many respects, including the possibility to use non-toxic, earth-abundant metals in catalysis. Specific systems investigated in our work include biomimetic catalytic oxidations with dioxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and related oxygen atom donors. More recently, a new direction was been also pursued in the group, fixation of carbon dioxide with transition metal complexes. Mechanistic understanding of biomimetic metal-catalyzed oxidations is critical for the design of functional models of metalloenzymes, and ultimately for the rational synthesis of useful, selective and efficient oxidation catalysts utilizing dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide as terminal oxidants. All iron oxidases and oxygenases (both mononuclear and dinuclear) utilize metal-centered intermediates as reactive species in selective substrate oxidation. In contrast, free radical pathways (Fenton chemistry) are common for traditional inorganic iron compounds, producing hydroxyl radicals as very active, non-selective oxidants. Recent developments, however, changed this situation. Growing families of synthetic iron complexes that resemble active sites of metalloenzymes produce metal-based intermediates (rather than hydroxyl radicals) in reactions with oxygen donors. These complexes are very promising for selective oxygen and peroxide activation. In order to understand the mechanisms of metal-based small molecule activation, kinetically competent metal-oxygen intermediates must be identified. One of the grand challenges identified by the Department of Energy workshop "Catalysis for Energy" is understanding mechanisms and dynamics of catalyzed reactions. The research summarized herein focuses on detailed characterization of the formation and reactivity of various iron-peroxo- and iron-oxo intermediates that are involved in catalysis. Rates of rapid reactions were studied at low temperatures by a specialized technique termed cryogenic stopped-flow spectrophotometry. These measurements identified reaction conditions which favor the formation of catalytically competent oxidants. Chemical structures of reactive complexes was determined, and new, efficient catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation were synthesized. Importantly, these catalysts are selective, they promote oxidation of hydrocarbons at a specific site. The catalysts are also efficient and robust, hundreds of cycles of substrate oxidation occur within minutes at room temperature. Furthermore, they enable utilization of environmentally friendly oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, which produces water as the only byproduct. Mechanistic insights uncovered the role of various acid-containing additives in catalytic oxidations. Proton delivery to the active catalytic sites facilitated oxidations, similarly to the catalytic pathways in metal-containing enzymes. Under certain conditions, two metals in one complex can act in concert, modeling the reactivity of a bacterial enzyme which converts methane into methanol. In related studies, a family of nickel complexes that react with carbon ...
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production Technologies by : Mehmet Sankir
Download or read book Hydrogen Production Technologies written by Mehmet Sankir and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive practical review of the new technologies used to obtain hydrogen more efficiently via catalytic, electrochemical, bio- and photohydrogen production. Hydrogen has been gaining more attention in both transportation and stationary power applications. Fuel cell-powered cars are on the roads and the automotive industry is demanding feasible and efficient technologies to produce hydrogen. The principles and methods described herein lead to reasonable mitigation of the great majority of problems associated with hydrogen production technologies. The chapters in this book are written by distinguished authors who have extensive experience in their fields, and readers will have a chance to compare the fundamental production techniques and learn about the pros and cons of these technologies. The book is organized into three parts. Part I shows the catalytic and electrochemical principles involved in hydrogen production technologies. Part II addresses hydrogen production from electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) by decomposing organic compound into hydrogen in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The final part of the book is concerned with photohydrogen generation. Recent developments in the area of semiconductor-based nanomaterials, specifically semiconductor oxides, nitrides and metal free semiconductor-based nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen production are extensively discussed.
Book Synopsis Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass by : Badal C. Saha
Download or read book Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass written by Badal C. Saha and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for a wide variety of biotechnologists, this book provides a major review of the state-of-the-art in bioethanol production technologies, enzymatic biomass conversion, and biodiesel. It also provides a detailed explanation of a breakthrough in photosynthetic water splitting which could result in a doubling of the efficiency of solar energy conversion by green plants. The book covers production of lactic acid, succinic acid, 1,3-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol, and polyhydroxybutyrate and xylitol. It also includes a chapter on synthesis-gas fermentation.
Book Synopsis Carbon Dioxide Recovery and Utilization by : M. Aresta
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Recovery and Utilization written by M. Aresta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Dioxide Recovery and Utilization is a complete and informative resource on the carbon dioxide sources and market at the European Union level, with reference to the world situation. The book covers the following themes: - Sources of carbon dioxide and their purity, - Market of carbon dioxide and its uses, - Separation techniques of carbon dioxide from flue gases, - Analysis of the potential of each technique and application, - Basic science and technology of supercritical CO2, - Reactions in supercritical CO2 and its use as reactive solvent, - Utilization of CO2 in the synthesis of chemicals with low energy input, - Conversion of CO2 into fuels: existing techniques, - Dry reforming of methane, - Assessment of the use of carbon dioxide for the synthesis of methanol. This book is unique in providing integrated information and a perspective on innovative technologies for the use of carbon dioxide. The book is suitable for use as a textbook for courses in chemical engineering and chemistry. It is also of great interest as a general reference for those involved with technologies for avoiding carbon dioxide production and for economists. This is an invaluable reference for specialists on synthetic chemistry, gas separation, supercritical fluids, carbon dioxide marketing, renewable energy and sustainable development. In addition, it will be useful for those working in the chemical industry and for policy makers for carbon dioxide mitigation, innovative technologies, carbon recycling, and power generation.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Characterization of Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts for Enhanced Catalyst Lifetime During Bio-Based C2-C6 Oxygenates to Olefins Processes: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-18-00728 by :
Download or read book Comprehensive Characterization of Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts for Enhanced Catalyst Lifetime During Bio-Based C2-C6 Oxygenates to Olefins Processes: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-18-00728 written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Participant has developed mixed metal oxide (MMO) catalysts to selectively convert biomass-derived C2-C6 oxygenates to olefins and then hydrocarbon fuels to meet DOE 2022 fuel targets. Selective conversion ethanol to isobutylene with MMO catalysts (ZnOZrOx) requires low ethanol feeds to maintain performance. Increasing the feed results in rapid catalyst deactivation. Participant has increased catalyst stability by adding additional metal oxides. However, variations in performance based on the level and type of additive and catalytic conditions have been observed. This project will use advanced catalyst characterization methods through the ChemCatBio Advanced Catalyst Synthesis and Characterization (ACSC) project to gain insight into key catalyst features and deactivation modes with the goal of tailoring catalyst composition to improve performance.
Book Synopsis Preparation of Noble Metal Free Mixed Oxides by : Yin Xu
Download or read book Preparation of Noble Metal Free Mixed Oxides written by Yin Xu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a political and legislative context promoting the use of abundant and non-toxic metals, different classes of transition metal catalysts have been developed and evaluated for two depollution reactions: (i) catalytic ozonation or activated persulfate for the elimination of pollutants containing nitrogen in the aqueous phase and (ii) the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds in the gas phase. Structural spinel oxides AB2O4 and perovskites having the general formula ABO3 (where A and B are metal cations) are interesting candidates because of their safety and lower cost compared to platinum family metals. Moreover, the versatile properties of these mixed oxides, such as the numerous possible compositions and their associated surface states, have demonstrated their interest in heterogeneous catalysis. In the first reaction concerning advanced oxidation processes, spinel type mixed oxides have been studied to act as a degradation catalyst for organic pollutants (AO7 and bisphenol A). Two compositions, CuAl2O4 and CuFe2O4, have been isolated as active catalysts for the activation of ozone and peroxymonosulphate radical precursors. The combination of copper with aluminum or iron has been found to be beneficial in forming reactive radicals from ozone or peroxymonosulphate, significantly improving the degradation of targeted pollutants compared with simple oxides. In the second reaction involving the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde in the gas phase, the perovskites and the manganese oxides were evaluated. A study dealing with the surface enrichment of the transition metal was carried out either by chemical treatment via acid washing of the perovskite precursor, or by a sub-stoechiometric approach used during the preparation. At the light of the experimental results, this enrichment improves drastically the elimination of formaldehyde towards low temperatures. These performances can be related to the cumulative effects associated with the formation of a morphology containing a multiple porosity following the acidic chemical treatment, the significant increase of the specific surface and the increase of the density of the surface redox sites highlighted by the Mn4 + / Mn3 + couple. Finally, the promotion of the catalytic support LaMnO3 by alkali and alkaline earth metals was carried out according to different conditions (La0.8A0.2MnO3 with A = K, Na, Sr, Ca). Based on the catalytic performances at a temperature giving a conversion of 50% of formaldehyde in CO2, potassium doping proved to be the most attractive doping agent (La0.8K0.2MnO3> La0.8Na0.2MnO3> La0.8Sr0.2MnO3> LaMnO3 = La0. 8Ca0.2MnO3= LMO-OH = LMO-Na). Chemical aging under wet and dry conditions has therefore been carried out on the best catalysts to evaluate their robustness. Despite a conservation of textural properties, a gradual deactivation of the doped perovskites (K, Na, Sr) was observed and related to a loss of surface active oxygen species and a reduction in the average degree of oxidation of manganese.
Book Synopsis Metal Oxide Electrocatalysts for Alternative Energy Technologies by :
Download or read book Metal Oxide Electrocatalysts for Alternative Energy Technologies written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanocasting written by An-Hui Lu and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2010 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured materials with tailored properties are regarded as a fundamental element in the development of future science and technology. Research is still ongoing into the nanosized construction elements required to create functional solids. The recently developed technique, nanocasting, has great advantage over others in terms of the synthesis of special nanostructured materials by the careful choice of suitable elements and nanoengineering steps. This new book summarizes the recent developments in nanocasting, including the principles of nanocasting, syntheses of novel nanostructured materials, characterization methods, detailed synthetic recipes and further possible development in this area. The book focuses on the synthesis of porous solids from the viewpoint of methodology and introduces the science of nanocasting from fundamental principles to their use in synthesis of various materials. It starts by outlining the principles of nanocasting, requirements to the templates and precursors and the tools needed to probe matter at the nanoscale level. It describes how to synthesize nano structured porous solids with defined characteristics and finally discusses the functionalization and application of porous solids. Special attention is given to new developments in this field and future perspectives. A useful appendix covering the detailed synthetic recipes of various templates including porous silica, porous carbon and colloidal spheres is included which will be invaluable to researchers wanting to follow and reproduce nanocast materials. Topics covered in the book include: * inorganic chemistry * organic chemistry * solution chemistry * sol-gel and interface science * acid-base equilibria * electrochemistry * biochemistry * confined synthesis The book gives readers not only an overview of nanocasting technology, but also sufficient information and knowledge for those wanting to prepare various nanostructured materials without needing to search the available literature.
Book Synopsis Plasma Catalysis by : Annemie Bogaerts
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Book Synopsis Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry by : Wei Zhang
Download or read book Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry written by Wei Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 1127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated overview of the rapidly developing field of green techniques for organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry Green chemistry remains a high priority in modern organic synthesis and pharmaceutical R&D, with important environmental and economic implications. This book presents comprehensive coverage of green chemistry techniques for organic and medicinal chemistry applications, summarizing the available new technologies, analyzing each technique’s features and green chemistry characteristics, and providing examples to demonstrate applications for green organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. The extensively revised edition of Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry includes 7 entirely new chapters on topics including green chemistry and innovation, green chemistry metrics, green chemistry and biological drugs, and the business case for green chemistry in the generic pharmaceutical industry. It is divided into 4 parts. The first part introduces readers to the concepts of green chemistry and green engineering, global environmental regulations, green analytical chemistry, green solvents, and green chemistry metrics. The other three sections cover green catalysis, green synthetic techniques, and green techniques and strategies in the pharmaceutical industry. Includes more than 30% new and updated material—plus seven brand new chapters Edited by highly regarded experts in the field (Berkeley Cue is one of the fathers of Green Chemistry in Pharma) with backgrounds in academia and industry Brings together a team of international authors from academia, industry, government agencies, and consultancies (including John Warner, one of the founders of the field of Green Chemistry) Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, Second Edition is an essential resource on green chemistry technologies for academic researchers, R&D professionals, and students working in organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry.
Book Synopsis Polygeneration with Polystorage by : Kaveh Rajab Khalilpour
Download or read book Polygeneration with Polystorage written by Kaveh Rajab Khalilpour and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polygeneration with Polystorage: For Energy and Chemicals addresses the problem of both traditional and dispersed generation with a broad, multidisciplinary perspective. As the first book to thoroughly focus on the topic of polygeneration, users will find the problem presented from different scientific and technical domains down to both macro and micro levels. Detailed analyses and state-of-the-art developments in specific fields are included, focusing on storage in conventional energy supply chains and demand-side renewable polygeneration systems, management advice and the necessary market mechanisms needed to support them. This reference is useful for academics and professionals in conventional and unconventional energy systems. Includes an outlined framework towards polygeneration and polystorage down to both micro and macro levels Contains fluid and continuous chapters that provide detailed analysis and a review of the state-of-the-art developments in specific fields Addresses the wider global view of research advancement and potential in the role of polygeneration and polystorage in the move toward sustainability
Book Synopsis Design and Synthesis of Earth Abundant Transition Metal Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Light Alkanes and Olefins by : Muntaseer Bunian
Download or read book Design and Synthesis of Earth Abundant Transition Metal Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Light Alkanes and Olefins written by Muntaseer Bunian and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Nanostructured Catalysts for Clean Energy and Environmental Applications by : Boxun Hu
Download or read book Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Nanostructured Catalysts for Clean Energy and Environmental Applications written by Boxun Hu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
