Synthesis Characterization And Application Of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanomaterials

Download Synthesis Characterization And Application Of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanomaterials full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Synthesis Characterization And Application Of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanomaterials ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials

Author : Management Association, Information Resources
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799887367
Total Pages : 1917 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials by : Management Association, Information Resources

Download or read book Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-03-19 with total page 1917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of nanotechnologies continues to grow, as nanomaterials have proven their versatility and use in many different fields and industries within the scientific profession. Using nanotechnology, materials can be made lighter, more durable, more reactive, and more efficient leading nanoscale materials to enhance many everyday products and processes. With many different sizes, shapes, and internal structures, the applications are endless. These uses range from pharmaceutics to materials such as cement or cloth, electronics, environmental sustainability, and more. Therefore, there has been a recent surge of research focused on the synthesis and characterizations of these nanomaterials to better understand how they can be used, their applications, and the many different types. The Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials seeks to address not only how nanomaterials are created, used, or characterized, but also to apply this knowledge to the multidimensional industries, fields, and applications of nanomaterials and nanoscience. This includes topics such as both natural and manmade nanomaterials; the size, shape, reactivity, and other essential characteristics of nanomaterials; challenges and potential effects of using nanomaterials; and the advantages of nanomaterials with multidisciplinary uses. This book is ideally designed for researchers, engineers, practitioners, industrialists, educators, strategists, policymakers, scientists, and students working in fields that include materials engineering, engineering science, nanotechnology, biotechnology, microbiology, drug design and delivery, medicine, and more.

Exploring Nanomaterial Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications

Author : Ramaswamy, Krishnaraj
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 654 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (693 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Exploring Nanomaterial Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications by : Ramaswamy, Krishnaraj

Download or read book Exploring Nanomaterial Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications written by Ramaswamy, Krishnaraj and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-10-22 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials, due to their tiny size and exceptional characteristics, are leading the way in scientific innovation, marking the beginning of a new era of technological progress and offering solutions to critical challenges faced by humanity. From their origin and theoretical foundations to their combination and extensive practical uses, the exploration of nanomaterials encompasses a wide range of knowledge and profound understanding, providing valuable perspectives on their revolutionary influence on different sectors of the economy. Nanomaterials possess distinctive characteristics, including enhanced strength, chemical reactivity, and electrical conductivity, distinguishing them from their larger counterparts. These characteristics stimulate innovative uses and improve current technologies, making them crucial in advancing engineering, medicine, energy solutions, and environmental sustainability. Exploring Nanomaterial Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications focuses on the interdisciplinary aspects of nanomaterials research and highlights their contributions to the advancement of medical science. This book offers a comprehensive overview of the present state of nanomaterial science and provide a glimpse into its promising future. Covering topics such as biosensing, energy storage, and pharmaceutical technology, this book is an excellent resource for academicians, researchers, graduate and postgraduate students, industry professionals, engineers, product developers, medical practitioners, policymakers, and more.

2D Functional Nanomaterials

Author : Ganesh S. Kamble
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527346775
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis 2D Functional Nanomaterials by : Ganesh S. Kamble

Download or read book 2D Functional Nanomaterials written by Ganesh S. Kamble and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-14 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2D Functional Nanomaterials Outlines the latest developments in 2D heterojunction nanomaterials with energy conversion applications In 2D Functional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications, Dr. Ganesh S. Kamble presents an authoritative overview of the most recent progress in the rational design and synthesis of 2D nanomaterials and their applications in semiconducting catalysts, biosensors, electrolysis, batteries, and solar cells. This interdisciplinary volume is a valuable resource for materials scientists, electrical engineers, nanoscientists, and solid-state physicists looking for up-to-date information on 2D heterojunction nanomaterials. The text summarizes the scientific contributions of international experts in the fabrication and application of 2D nanomaterials while discussing the importance and impact of 2D nanomaterials on future economic growth, novel manufacturing processes, and innovative products. Provides thorough coverage of graphene chemical derivatives synthesis and applications, including state-of-the-art developments and perspectives Describes 2D/2D graphene oxide-layered double hydroxide nanocomposites for immobilization of different radionuclides Covers 2D nanomaterials for biomedical applications and novel 2D nanomaterials for next-generation photodetectors Discusses applications of 2D nanomaterials for cancer therapy and recent trends ingraphene-latex nanocomposites Perfect for materials scientists, inorganic chemists, and electronics engineers, 2D Functional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications is also an essential resource for solid-state physicists seeking accurate information on recent progress in two-dimensional heterojunction materials with energy conversion applications.

MoS2

Author : Zhiming M. Wang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3319028502
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis MoS2 by : Zhiming M. Wang

Download or read book MoS2 written by Zhiming M. Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-18 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the structure and electronic, magnetic, and other properties of various MoS2 (Molybdenum disulfide) nanostructures, with coverage of synthesis, Valley polarization, spin physics, and other topics. MoS2 is an important, graphene-like layered nano-material that substantially extends the range of possible nanostructures and devices for nanofabrication. These materials have been widely researched in recent years, and have become an attractive topic for applications such as catalytic materials and devices based on field-effect transistors (FETs) and semiconductors. Chapters from leading scientists worldwide create a bridge between MoS2 nanomaterials and fundamental physics in order to stimulate readers' interest in the potential of these novel materials for device applications. Since MoS2 nanostructures are expected to be increasingly important for future developments in energy and other electronic device applications, this book can be recommended for Physics and Materials Science and Engineering departments and as reference for researchers in the field.

Applied Sonochemistry

Author : T. J. Mason
Publisher : Wiley-VCH
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Applied Sonochemistry by : T. J. Mason

Download or read book Applied Sonochemistry written by T. J. Mason and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2002-05-06 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Power ultrasound has been used for many years in two specific industrial areas: cleaning and plastic welding. Over the last ten years an increasing interest has been shown in its potential for use over a much wider range of chemistry and processing which has been grouped together under the general title of sonochemistry. Most of these uses depend on the generation of acoustic cavitation in liquid media but this text, while underlining the importance of the physics and mathematics of cavitation, mainly concentrates on applications of the technology. After an introduction to the topic and some historical background to the uses of power ultrasound the general principles of acoustic cavitation are explored including some background physics, bubble dynamics and factors which influence cavitation. The remainder of the book incorporates a series of applications of sonochemistry which illustrate the types of physical and chemical effects of ultrasonically induced cavitation which will interest chemists and engineers alike. Amongst the major topics included are chemical synthesis, environmental protection and remediation of water, sewage and soils, polymer synthesis and processing, electrochemistry including both analytical and synthetic aspects and plating. The final chapter reviews the range of ultrasonic equipment available in the laboratory and the progress made towards the scale-up of sonochemistry. The level is introductory to semi-advanced and no topic has been taken to a particularly specialist level since it is intended that this should be of general interest to readers with a scientific background.

Extremophiles: Applications in Nanotechnology

Author : Sonia Tiquia-Arashiro
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319452150
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Extremophiles: Applications in Nanotechnology by : Sonia Tiquia-Arashiro

Download or read book Extremophiles: Applications in Nanotechnology written by Sonia Tiquia-Arashiro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-29 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the extremophiles explored for biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is a widely emerging field involving interdisciplinary subjects such as biology, physics, chemistry and medicine. A wide variety of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae are employed as biological agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Novel routes by which extremophiles can be employed to generate nanoparticles have yet to be discovered. The book is divided into 5 major chapters: (1) Major types of nanoparticles in nanotechnology (2) Diversity of microbes in the synthesis of nanoparticles (3) Extremophiles in nanoparticle biosynthesis (4) Applications of nanoparticles produced by extremophiles (5) Challenges and Future perspectives

Sample Preparation with Nanomaterials

Author : Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527685618
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Sample Preparation with Nanomaterials by : Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Download or read book Sample Preparation with Nanomaterials written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover this timely, comprehensive, and up-to-date exploration of crucial aspects of the use of nanomaterials in analytical chemistry Sample Preparation with Nanomaterials: Next Generation Techniques for Sample Preparation delivers insightful and complete overview of recent progress in the use of nanomaterials in sample preparation. The book begins with an overview of special features of nanomaterials and their applications in analytical sciences. Important types of nanomaterials, like carbon nanotubes and magnetic particles, are reviewed and biological sample preparation and lab-on-a-chip systems are presented. The distinguished author places special emphasis on approaches that tend to green and reduce the cost of sample treatment processes. He also discusses the legal, economical, and toxicity aspects of nanomaterial samples. This book includes extensive reference material, like a complete list of manufacturers, that makes it invaluable for professionals in analytical chemistry. Sample Preparation with Nanomaterials offers considerations of the economic aspects of nanomaterials, as well as the assessment of their toxicity and risk. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to nanomaterials in the analytical sciences and special properties of nanomaterials for sample preparation An exploration of the mechanism of adsorption and desorption on nanomaterials, including carbon nanomaterials used as adsorbents Discussions of membrane applications of nanomaterials, surface enhanced raman spectroscopy, and the use of nanomaterials for biological sample preparation A treatment of magnetic nanomaterials, lab-on-a-chip nanomaterials, and toxicity and risk assessment of nanomaterials Perfect for analytical chemists, materials scientists, and process engineers, Sample Preparation with Nanomaterials: Next Generation Techniques for Sample Preparation will also earn a place in the libraries of analytical laboratories, universities, and companies who conduct research into nanomaterials and seek a one-stop resource for sample preparation.

Synthesis and Applications of Nanoparticles

Author : Atul Thakur
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811668191
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Synthesis and Applications of Nanoparticles by : Atul Thakur

Download or read book Synthesis and Applications of Nanoparticles written by Atul Thakur and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-20 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides thorough information on various nanomaterials, techniques for their synthesis and characterization, and examines their agricultural, environmental, biomedical, and clinical applications. The initial part of the book presents different nanomaterials; covers various physical, chemical, and biological methods for their synthesis; and reviews techniques to characterize their physicochemical and biological properties. Subsequently, the chapters of the book focus on the innovative applications of nanomaterials in disease diagnosis, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cancer therapy. It also explores the green biosynthesis of nanomaterials and highlights their biological applications. Towards the end, the book examines the toxicity and biocompatibility of various nanomaterials. It aims to serve as a resource guide for researchers and biomedical clinicians working with nanomaterials.

Thin Film Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Innovative Energy Applications

Author : Sampat G. Deshmukh
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9815256092
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (152 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Thin Film Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Innovative Energy Applications by : Sampat G. Deshmukh

Download or read book Thin Film Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Innovative Energy Applications written by Sampat G. Deshmukh and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2024-07-25 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin Film Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Innovative Energy Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, properties, and cutting-edge applications of thin film nanomaterials. Each chapter explores different aspects of thin film synthesis and its application in energy devices, showcasing different metal-based and carbon nanomaterials . The book begins with a discussion on the synthesis and characterization of cadmium and zinc sulphide thin films for opto-electronics energy devices. Subsequent chapters delve into critical reviews of CIGS thin film nanomaterials, deposition techniques for metal oxide nanocomposite films, and nanostructured TiO2@carbon films for photocatalytic applications. Bandgap engineering, optical properties of composite films, and recent advancements in metal oxide thin films are also covered. Additionally, the synthesis and characteristics of iron oxide films for solar cell and green energy storage applications are discussed. Chapters on challenges and future prospects of CNT-based cathode emitters and advanced characterizations of nanocrystalline ferrimagnetic thin films provide valuable insights into emerging technologies. This book is an essential resource for professors, scientists, engineers, research scholars, postdocs, and undergraduate/graduate students seeking to explore the forefront of nanomaterials and their applications in energy systems.

Modeling, Characterization, and Processing of Smart Materials

Author : Kumar, Ajay
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1668492261
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (684 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Modeling, Characterization, and Processing of Smart Materials by : Kumar, Ajay

Download or read book Modeling, Characterization, and Processing of Smart Materials written by Kumar, Ajay and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2023-08-07 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development, processing, and applications of smart materials presents many challenges, including performance correlations to the nature of their reinforcement and the sustainability of such materials through their recyclability, durability, and reparability. Experts have identified the challenge of achieving sustainable development and in this book highlight how smart materials can provide a solution to the problem. It emphasizes the multidisciplinary nature of smart materials and their potential for enhancing product functionalities and capabilities in different sectors, including the biomedical, pharmaceutical, aerospace, construction, automotive, and food industries. Modeling, Characterization, and Processing of Smart Materials proposes a comprehensive guide to addressing the challenges associated with smart materials, including the need for optimization and sustainability, and provides various nature-inspired algorithms, computational and simulation approaches, and artificial intelligence-based strategies for developing innovative smart materials. It also presents potential solutions for the limitations of smart materials and emphasizes the role of Industry 4.0 in maintaining their sustainability. Overall, this book offers a valuable problem-solution perspective on the development and applications of smart materials, making it an essential reference guide for academic researchers and industrial engineers in the fields of material science, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering.

Colloids for Nanobiotechnology

Author : Wolfgang Parak
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0081028288
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Colloids for Nanobiotechnology by : Wolfgang Parak

Download or read book Colloids for Nanobiotechnology written by Wolfgang Parak and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colloids for Nanobiotechnology: Synthesis, Characterization and Potential Applications, Volume 17, offers a range of perspectives on emerging nano-inspired colloidal applications. With an emphasis on biomedical and environmental opportunities and challenges, the book outlines how nanotechnology is being used to increase the uses and impact of colloid science. Nanotechnology offers new horizons for colloidal research and synthesis routes that allow for the production of highly reproducible and defined materials. This book presents new characterization methods and a fundamental understanding of basic physicochemical, physical and chemical properties.

Rising Stars: Africa

Author : Tebello Nyokong
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889743624
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Rising Stars: Africa by : Tebello Nyokong

Download or read book Rising Stars: Africa written by Tebello Nyokong and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-14 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Springer Handbook of Nanomaterials

Author : Robert Vajtai
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364220595X
Total Pages : 1234 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Nanomaterials by : Robert Vajtai

Download or read book Springer Handbook of Nanomaterials written by Robert Vajtai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-20 with total page 1234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Springer Handbook of Nanomaterials covers the description of materials which have dimension on the "nanoscale". The description of the nanomaterials in this Handbook follows the thorough but concise explanation of the synergy of structure, properties, processing and applications of the given material. The Handbook mainly describes materials in their solid phase; exceptions might be e.g. small sized liquid aerosols or gas bubbles in liquids. The materials are organized by their dimensionality. Zero dimensional structures collect clusters, nanoparticles and quantum dots, one dimensional are nanowires and nanotubes, while two dimensional are represented by thin films and surfaces. The chapters in these larger topics are written on a specific materials and dimensionality combination, e.g. ceramic nanowires. Chapters are authored by well-established and well-known scientists of the particular field. They have measurable part of publications and an important role in establishing new knowledge of the particular field.

Two-dimensional Materials

Author : Pramoda Kumar Nayak
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535125540
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Two-dimensional Materials by : Pramoda Kumar Nayak

Download or read book Two-dimensional Materials written by Pramoda Kumar Nayak and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-08-31 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are only a few discoveries and new technologies in materials science that have the potential to dramatically alter and revolutionize our material world. Discovery of two-dimensional (2D) materials, the thinnest form of materials to ever occur in nature, is one of them. After isolation of graphene from graphite in 2004, a whole other class of atomically thin materials, dominated by surface effects and showing completely unexpected and extraordinary properties, has been created. This book provides a comprehensive view and state-of-the-art knowledge about 2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) and so on. It consists of 11 chapters contributed by a team of experts in this exciting field and provides latest synthesis techniques of 2D materials, characterization and their potential applications in energy conservation, electronics, optoelectronics and biotechnology.

Emerging Natural and Tailored Nanomaterials for Radioactive Waste Treatment and Environmental Remediation

Author : Changlun Chen
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0081027761
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Emerging Natural and Tailored Nanomaterials for Radioactive Waste Treatment and Environmental Remediation by : Changlun Chen

Download or read book Emerging Natural and Tailored Nanomaterials for Radioactive Waste Treatment and Environmental Remediation written by Changlun Chen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-25 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Natural and Tailored Nanomaterials for Radioactive Waste Treatment and Environmental Remediation: Principles and Methodologies, Volume 29 provides an overview of the most important radionuclide sources in the environment, their interaction with environmental media, and appropriate remediation techniques. The book focuses on the assessment of radionuclide sorption behavior in contaminated sites and the synthesis of new materials for radionuclides remediation through sorption concepts. Chapters investigate the main interaction mechanisms between toxic/radioactive metal ions with natural and manmade materials, natural clay minerals and oxides, and novel nanomaterials, such as ordered mesoporous silicas, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal-organic framework-based materials. Techniques and models discussed include kinetics analysis, thermodynamic analysis, surface complexation models, spectroscopic techniques, and theoretical calculations. - Provides a systemic discussion on the interactions between toxic and radioactive metal ions and natural and manmade materials - Helps to select the best approach to remove toxic/radioactive metal ions from a surface - Edited by a scientific authority in toxic/radioactive metal ion interactions

Advanced Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128145587
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advanced Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage by :

Download or read book Advanced Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage covers recent progress made in the rational design and engineering of functional nanomaterials for battery and supercapacitor applications in the forms of electrode materials, separators and electrolytes. The book includes detailed discussions of preparation methods, structural characterization, and manipulation techniques. Users will find a comprehensive illustration on the close correlation between material structures and properties, such as energy density, power density, cycle number and safety.

Metal Oxide Powder Technologies

Author : Yarub Al-Douri
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128175060
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal Oxide Powder Technologies by : Yarub Al-Douri

Download or read book Metal Oxide Powder Technologies written by Yarub Al-Douri and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxide Powder Technologies: Fundamentals, Processing Methods and Applications reviews the fundamentals, processing methods and applications of this key materials system. Topics addressed comprehensively cover chemical and physical properties, synthesis, preparation, both accepted and novel processing methods, modeling and simulation. The book provides fundamental information on the key properties that impact performance, such as particle size and crystal structure, along with methods to measure, analyze and evaluate. Finally, important applications are covered, including biomedical, energy, electronics and materials applications. - Provides a comprehensive overview of key topics both on the theoretical side and the experimental - Discusses important properties that impact metal oxide performance, processing methods (both novel and accepted), and important applications - Reviews the most relevant applications, such as biomedical, energy, electronics and materials applications