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Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Binary and Ternary Platinum Alloy Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Li Ren
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (785 download)
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Platinum-based Multi-component Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by Li Ren and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the thesis work, Pt-based binary, ternary, quaternary alloy anode catalysts supported on sonochemically treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized with ethylene glycol reduction of corresponding metal chloride salts. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for catalyst characterization. Cyclic voltammetry for methanol oxidation and CO stripping were used to evaluate the performance of the catalysts. PtRu nanoparticles supported on CNTs (PtRu/CNT) were prepared under a series of pHs. It was found that the PtRu particle size, composition, and catalytic activity were all sensitive to the deposition pHs. CO stripping results provided the peak potential and active surface area for each catalyst. The atomic ratios tended to approach the predetermined ratio 1:1 with the increase of pH, which is favored by bi-functional catalytic mechanism. PtRu catalysts prepared at higher pHs presented better electrochemical activity toward methanol oxidation. Humidified oxygen treatment of the PtRu/CNT led to improved activity of the catalysts toward methanol electro-oxidation, implying that Ru hydroxide is better than Ru as a co-catalyst. PtRu, PtOs, PtRuOs, and PtRuOsIr nanoparticles supported on CNTs with atomic ratios of Pt:Ru (tr:46), Pt:Os (80:20), Pt:Ru:Os (54:36:10), and Pt:Ru:Os:Ir (44:36:10:5) were prepared. Cyclic voltammetry for the methanol oxidation and CO stripping at the catalysts showed that PtRu/CNT and PtRuOsIr/CNT have the best performance toward methanol oxidation, PtRuOs/CNT has the lowest activity, but PtOs/CNT exhibits better catalytic activity only at potential or 0.73 V"--Abstract, leaf iii.
Author : Jiujun Zhang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1848009364
Total Pages : 1147 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (48 download)
Download or read book PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers written by Jiujun Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-26 with total page 1147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising clean energy converting devices with high efficiency and low to zero emissions. Such power sources can be used in transportation, stationary, portable and micro power applications. The key components of these fuel cells are catalysts and catalyst layers. “PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers” provides a comprehensive, in-depth survey of the field, presented by internationally renowned fuel cell scientists. The opening chapters introduce the fundamentals of electrochemical theory and fuel cell catalysis. Later chapters investigate the synthesis, characterization, and activity validation of PEM fuel cell catalysts. Further chapters describe in detail the integration of the electrocatalyst/catalyst layers into the fuel cell, and their performance validation. Researchers and engineers in the fuel cell industry will find this book a valuable resource, as will students of electrochemical engineering and catalyst synthesis.
Author : Jiujun Zhang
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527323775
Total Pages : 605 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)
Download or read book Electrocatalysis of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by Jiujun Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-10-26 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book to focus on a comprehensive description on DMFC electrocatalysis draws a clear picture of the current status of DMFC technology, especially the advances, challenges and perspectives in the field. Leading researchers from universities, government laboratories and fuel cell industries in North America, Europe and Asia share their knowledge and information on recent advances in the fundamental theories, experimental methodologies and research achievements. In order to help readers better understand the science and technology of the subject, some important and representative figures, tables, photos, and comprehensive lists of reference papers are also included, such that all the information needed on this topic may be easily located. An indispensable source for physical, catalytic, electro- and solid state chemists, as well as materials scientists and chemists in industry.
Author : Fatih Sen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128217146
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells written by Fatih Sen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells explains nanomaterials and nanocomposites as well as the characterization, manufacturing, and design of alcohol fuel cell applications. The advantages of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) are significant for reliable and long-lasting portable power sources used in devices such as mobile phones and computers. Even though substantial improvements have been made in DAFC systems over the last decade, more effort is needed to commercialize DAFCs by producing durable, low-cost, and smaller-sized devices. Nanomaterials have an important role to play in achieving this aim. The use of nanotechnology in DAFCs is vital due to their role in the synthesis of nanocatalysts within the manufacturing process. Lately, nanocatalysts containing carbon such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanocoils have also attracted much attention. When compared to traditional materials, carbon-based materials have unique advantages, such as high corrosion resistance, better electrical conductivity, and less catalyst poisoning. This book also covers different aspects of nanocomposites fabrication, including their preparation, design, and characterization techniques for their fuel cell applications. This book is an important reference source for materials scientists, engineers, energy scientists, and electrochemists who are seeking to improve their understanding of how nanomaterials are being used to enhance the efficiency and lower the cost of DAFCs. Shows how nanomaterials are being used for the design and manufacture of DAFCs Explores how nanotechnology is being used to enhance the synthesis and catalysis processes to create the next generation of fuel cells Assesses the major challenges of producing nanomaterial-based DAFCs on an industrial scale
Author : Minhua Shao
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038422347
Total Pages : 689 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (384 download)
Download or read book Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells written by Minhua Shao and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells" that was published in Catalysts
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (925 download)
Download or read book Comparison of Pt-based Binary and Ternary Alloy Anode Catalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As an anode catalyst, Pt is highly active for the adsorption and dehydrogenation of methanol, however, the surface is poisoned by CO. To oxidize CO to CO2, a second oxygen atom is required from an adjacent adsorbed water molecule. Bifunctional alloys composed of Pt and a second metal M, able to activate H2O (forming -OH{sub ads}) at low potentials, are candidate materials for methanol electro-oxidation catalysts A proposed mechanism is: Figure 2 shows that metals which enhance methanol oxidation activity when alloyed with Pt have similar M-O bond strengths (see bold print), suggesting that the best binary alloy catalysts have second metals that are optimized with respect to the ability to oxidatively adsorb water. and the ability to dissociate M-O bonds to yield CO2.
Author : Yao-Feng Chang
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1803569867
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Ruthenium written by Yao-Feng Chang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2023-12-20 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arindam Sarkar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (459 download)
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Palladium-based Alloy Electrocatalysts written by Arindam Sarkar and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low temperature fuel cells like proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are expected to play a crucial role in the future hydrogen economy, especially for transportation applications. These electrochemical devices offer significantly higher efficiency compared to conventional heat engines. However, use of exotic and expensive platinum as the electrocatalyst poses serious problems for commercial viability. In this regard, there is an urgent need to develop low-platinum or non-platinum electrocatalysts with electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) superior or comparable to that of platinum. This dissertation first investigates non-platinum, palladium-based alloy electrocatalysts for ORR. Particularly, Pd-M (M = Mo and W) alloys are synthesized by a novel thermal decomposition of organo-metallic precursors. The carbon-supported Pd-M (M = Mo, W) electrocatalyts are then heat treated up to 900 °C in H2 atmosphere and investigated for their phase behavior. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements reveal that the alloying of Pd with Mo or W significantly enhances the catalytic activity for ORR as well as the stability (durability) of the electrocatalysts. Additionally, both the alloy systems exhibit high tolerance to methanol, which is particularly advantageous for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). The dissertation then focuses on one-pot synthesis of carbon-supported multi-metallic Pt-Pd-Co nanoalloys by a rapid microwave-assisted solvothermal (MW-ST) method. The multi-metallic alloy compositions synthesized by the MW-ST method show much higher catalytic activity for ORR compared to their counterparts synthesized by the conventional borohydride reduction method. Additionally, a series of Pt encapsulated Pd-Co nanoparticle electrocatalysts are synthesized by the MW-ST method and characterized to understand their phase behavior, surface composition, and electrocatalytic activity for ORR. Finally, the dissertation focuses on carbon-supported binary Pt@Cu and ternary PtxPd1-x@Cu "core-shell" nanoparticles synthesized by a novel galvanic displacement of Cu by Pt4+ and Pd2+ at ambient conditions. Structural characterizations suggest that the Pt@Cu nanoparticles have a Pt-Cu alloy layer sandwiched between a copper core and a Pt shell. The electrochemical data clearly point to an enhancement in the activity for ORR for the Pt@Cu "core-shell" nanoparticle electrocatalysts compared to the commercial Pt electrocatalyst, both on per unit mass of Pt and per unit active surface area basis. The increase in activity for ORR is ascribed to electronic modification of the outer Pt shell by the Pt-Cu alloy core. However, incorporation of Pd to obtain PtxPd1-x@Cu deteriorates the activity for ORR.
Author : Fatih Şen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128194774
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage Applications written by Fatih Şen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage Applications introduces nanomaterials and nanocomposites manufacturing and design for hydrogen storage applications. The book covers the manufacturing, design, characterization techniques and hydrogen storage applications of a range of nanomaterials. It outlines fundamental characterization techniques for nanocomposites to establish their suitability for hydrogen storage applications. Offering a sound knowledge of hydrogen storage application of nanocomposites, this book is an important resource for both materials scientists and engineers who are seeking to understand how nanomaterials can be used to create more efficient energy storage solutions. Assesses the characterization, design, manufacture and application of different types of nanomaterials for hydrogen storage Outlines the major challenges of using nanomaterials in hydrogen storage Discusses how the use of nanotechnology is helping engineers create more effective hydrogen storage systems
Author :
Publisher : The Electrochemical Society
ISBN 13 : 9781566774345
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (743 download)
Download or read book Proton Conducting Membrane Fuel Cells IV written by and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2006 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sivapregasen Naidoo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (297 download)
Download or read book Synthesis of Multi-metallic Catalysts for Fuel Cell Applications written by Sivapregasen Naidoo and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The direct methanol fuel cell or DMFC is emerging as a promising alternative energy source for many applications. Developed and developing countries, through research, are fast seeking a cheap and stable supply of energy for an ever-increasing number of energy-consuming portable devices. The research focus is to have DMFCs meeet this need at an affordable cost is problematic. There are means and ways of making this a reality as the DMFC is found to be complementary to secondary batteries when used as a trickle charger, full charger, or in some other hybrid fuel cell combination. the core functioning component is a catalyst containing MEA, where when pure platinum is used, carbon monoxide is the thermodynamic sink and poisons by preventing further reactions at catalytic sites decreasing the life span of the catalyst if the CO is not removed. research has shown that the bi-functional mechanism of a platinum-ruthenium catalyst is best because methanol dehydrogenates best on platinumand water dehydrogenation is best facilitated on ruthenium. It is also evident that the addition of other metals to that of PtRu/C can make the catalyst more effective and effective and increase the life span even further. In addition to this, my research has attempted to reduce catalyst cost for DMFCs by developing a low-cost manufacturing technique for catalysts, identify potential non-noblel, less expensive metallic systems to formbinary, ternary and quarternary catalysts.
Author : Daniel Adrion
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Platinum-based Ternary Nanoparticles for Fuel Cell Applications written by Daniel Adrion and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Radoslav Adzic
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030495663
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts written by Radoslav Adzic and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes a science and technology of a new type of electrocatalysts consisting of a single atomic layer of platinum on suitable supports. This development helped overcome three major obstacles—catalysts‘ cost, activity, and stability—for a broad range of fuel cell applications. The volume begins with a short introduction to the science of electrocatalysis, covering four reactions important for energy conversion in fuel cells. A description follows of the properties of metal monolayers on electrode surfaces, and underpotential deposition of metals. The authors then describe the concept of Pt monolayer electrocatalysts and its implications and their synthesis by galvanic displacement of less-noble metal monolayers and other methods. The main part of the book presents a discussion of catalysts’ characterization and catalytic properties of Pt monolayers for the four main reactions of electrochemical energy conversion: oxygen reduction and oxidation of hydrogen, methanol and ethanol. The book concludes with a treatment of scale-up syntheses, fuel cell tests, catalysts’ stability and application prospects.
Author : Frank Czerwinski
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535107682
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Heat Treatment written by Frank Czerwinski and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat treatment and surface engineering are seen as crucial elements in the design and manufacture of strategic components in a wide range of market sectors and industries including air, sea and land transportation, energy production, mining, defense or agriculture. This book offers a broad review of recent global developments in an application of thermal and thermochemical processing to modify the microstructure and properties of a wide range of engineering materials. Although there is no formal partition of the book, chapters represent two different application areas of heat treatment. The first group covers the conventional heat treatment with processing of bearing rings, wrought and cast steels, aluminum alloys, fundamentals of thermochemical treatment, details of carbonitriding and a design of cooling units. The second group describes a use of non-conventional thermal routes during manufacturing cycles of such materials as vanadium carbides, titanium dioxide, metallic glasses, superconducting ceramics, nanoparticles, metal oxides, battery materials and slag mortars. A mixture of conventional and novel applications, exploring a variety of processes employing heating, quenching and thermal diffusion, makes the book very useful for a broad audience of scientists and engineers from academia and industry.
Author : Sonam Patel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (743 download)
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Platinum Based Catalysts for Fuel Cells written by Sonam Patel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Platinum (Pt) and platinum alloys have attracted wide attention as catalysts to attain high performance to increase the power density and reduce the component cost of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Extensive research has been conducted in the areas of new alloy development and understanding of mechanisms of electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The durability of PEMFCs is also a major barrier to the commercialization of these fuel cells. Recent studies have suggested that potential cycling can gradually lead to loss of active surface area due to Pt dissolution and nanoparticle grain growth [1]. In this thesis we report a one-step synthesis of highly-dispersed Pt nanoparticles and Pt- Cobalt supported on Ketjen carbon black (20% Pt/C & 20% Pt3Co/C) as electro-catalysts for PEMFCs. Pt particles with size in the range of ~ 2.6nm (Pt/C) and 3.9 nm (Pt3Co/C) were obtained through adsorption on carbon supports and subsequently thermal decomposition of platinum acetylacetonate (Pt(acac)2). A comparative characterization analysis, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), FT-iR, EDAX, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, was performed on the synthesized and commercial (46.5wt% TKK) catalysts. The analysis was to reveal the Pt dispersion on the carbon support, particle size and distribution, electrochemical surface area (ECA), and ORR activities of these catalysts. It was found that the synthesized Pt/C showed similar particle size to that of the TKK catalysts (2.6nm and 2.7nm, respectively), but narrower particle size distribution; while the particle size for Pt3Co/C was found to be ~3.9 nm. Accelerated durability tests (ADT) under potential cycles were also performed for Pt/C and TKK to study the electrochemical degradation of the catalysts in corrosive environments. The ADTs revealed that the two catalysts (Pt/C & TKK) were comparable with respect to degradation in ECA and ORR activities. Initial electrochemical evaluation of Pt3Co/C was conducted, but durability studies were not attempted in this thesis due to its worse ORR kinetics than those of the Pt/C catalyst. From the experimental data, it was found that particle size impacted negatively the ECA and ORR activity of the catalysts.
Author : Christopher Odetola
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Pt/TiO2/C Composite Catalysts for Fuel Cells Prepared Using a Glucose Modifier written by Christopher Odetola and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysts in the electrodes of polymer exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) serve a critical function in reactions which can be used to generate electrical energy from chemical fuels. Pt nanoparticles are commonly dispersed on a conductive support and used as electrode materials in these devices because of their exceptional catalytic activity and electrochemical active surface area. The performance and stability of these electrodes strongly depend on the characteristics of the support. Catalysts supported on high surface area carbon black are widely used in low-temperature fuel cells. In PEMFCs, these catalyst materials can be exposed to high potential and low pH values, resulting in irreversible loss of activity that will limit the useful lifetime of the cell, ultimately leading to its failure. Pt is a noble metal which has good intrinsic stability, but carbon is not thermodynamically stable resulting in the corrosion of the catalyst support under these conditions. The design of more resilient platinum catalyst supports to carry out the successful reaction in a fuel cell's catalyst layer is required to extend the lifetime of PEMFCs degradation. In this thesis, two approaches were used to synthesize robust catalyst support materials for fuel cell applications. In the first case, carbon surfaces were functionalised to enhance their interactions with the catalyst and secondly, stable metal oxide was combined with modified carbon substrates, to maximise contacts within the composite electrocatalysts and to prevent carbon corrosion of a single phase carbon support catalyst. TiO2 NPs, were first chemically bonded to the surfaces of Vulcan carbon to help anchor the Pt catalyst nanoparticles through strong metal-support interactions. Validation of a dual phase catalyst support is an important goal of this research. Each material phase offers a unique advantage that can only be recognized by the preparation of a composite electrocatalyst. Pristine Vulcan (PV) was functionalised with glucose hydroxyl functional groups that react with the base titanium metal alkoxide in a sol-gel reaction and then calcined to form a more chemically crystalline surface. This is followed by impregnation reduction process to deposit the nanostructured Pt catalyst. Material characterization data of synthesized materials were used to correlate the effects of support structure and composition on resilient performance. Advantages from the TiO2/C supports toward performance and durability were contrasted against a set of control samples and demonstrated ex situ. The prepared composite catalysts showed substantial enhancements toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) as well as improved stability of the Pt-TiO2 heterogeneous interface formed between catalyst and support. The enhanced performance and durability of these composite catalysts is improved by applying the science of materials and interfaces to the synthesis of composite supports, thus serving as an example for further progress and optimization. Irradiation of these composite catalysts with UV-visible light also showed ~ 171 % photo enhanced activity for MOR, which clearly demonstrates a synergistic effect between the photo- and electrocatalysts. The comparison between the prepared catalysts indicates that there is an appropriate ratio of carbon and TiO2 to obtain the best performance of these photoelectroactive materials. These results demonstrate that methanol oxidation is achieved by electro- and photoelectrocatalysis using a simple and affordable method. This procedure can be conveniently exploited to enhance the response of direct methanol fuel cell electrodes.
