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Synaptic Loss And Neurodegeneration
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Book Synopsis Synaptic Loss and Neurodegeneration by : Marie-Ève Tremblay
Download or read book Synaptic Loss and Neurodegeneration written by Marie-Ève Tremblay and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-16 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pattern of Synapse Loss in Neurodegenerative Disorders by : Xiaoying Liu
Download or read book Pattern of Synapse Loss in Neurodegenerative Disorders written by Xiaoying Liu and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synaptic Plasticity and the Mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease by : Dennis J. Selkoe
Download or read book Synaptic Plasticity and the Mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease written by Dennis J. Selkoe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A biochemical hypothesis - that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive cerebral amyloidosis caused by the aggregation of the amyloid b-protein (Ab) - preceded and enabled the discovery of etiologies. This volume serves as a record focused on bringing together investigators at the forefront of elucidating the structure and function of hippocampal synapses with investigators focused on understanding how early assemblies of Ab may compromise some of these synapses.
Book Synopsis The Aging Mind by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Aging Mind written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-04-18 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research.
Book Synopsis An Invitro Model for Synaptic Loss in Neurodegenerative Diseases Suggests a Neuroprotective Role for Valproic Acid Via Inhibition of CPLA2 Dependent Signalling by :
Download or read book An Invitro Model for Synaptic Loss in Neurodegenerative Diseases Suggests a Neuroprotective Role for Valproic Acid Via Inhibition of CPLA2 Dependent Signalling written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neurodegenerative Disorders: Loss of Function Through Gain of Function by : K. Beyreuther
Download or read book Neurodegenerative Disorders: Loss of Function Through Gain of Function written by K. Beyreuther and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alzheimer's Disease: Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Amyloid beta by : J. Robin Harris
Download or read book Alzheimer's Disease: Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Amyloid beta written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-22 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major thrusts of present-day clinical research, strongly supported by more fimdamental cellular, biochemical, immunological and structural studies. It is these latter that receive attention within this book. This compilation of 20 chapters indicates the diversity of work currently in progress and summarizes the current state of knowledge. Experienced authors who are scientifically active in their fields of study have been selected as contributors to this book, in an attempt to present a reasonably complete survey of the field. Inevitably, some exciting topics for one reason or another have not been included, for which we can only apologize. Standardization of terminology is often a problem in science, not least in the Alzheimer field; editorial effort has been made to achieve standardization between the Chapters, but some minor yet acceptable personal / author variation is still present, i. e. P-amyloid/amyloid-P; Ap42/Apl-42/APi. 42! The book commences with a broad survey of the contribution that the range of available microscopical techniques has made to the study of Alzheimer's amyloid plaques and amyloid fibrillogenesis. This chapter also serves as an Introduction to the book, since several of the topics introduced here are expanded upon in later chapters. Also, it is significant to the presence of this chapter that the initial discovery of brain plaques, by Alois Alzheimer, utilized light microscopy, a technique that continues to be extremely valuable in present-day AD research.
Book Synopsis Interphase Between Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases by : Walter E. Müller
Download or read book Interphase Between Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Walter E. Müller and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this Research Topic is to discuss the latest developments in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Aging represents the major risk factor of the two most relevant neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is generally accepted that symptoms of PD correlate with the severity of degeneration of dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons. In most cases neuronal loss during aging is not sufficient to cause clinical symptoms but only leads to a preclinical state of PD. However, in a small number of our population, neurodegeneration by aging gets accelerated by individual (e.g. brain injuries), environmental (e.g. toxins) and genetic (e.g. mutations of the alpha-synuclein gene) factors to reach the critical threshold for clinical symptoms during lifetime. Thus, neurodegeneration in PD appears to represent the common final pathway of “normal brain aging” and all other risk factors including genetics and the accumulation of the neurotoxic alpha-synuclein protein. While aging alone is generally agreed to be sufficient for at least the preclinical state of PD, the situation in AD seems to be different. Aging as the major and well documented risk factor of AD has been neglected for decades. Biochemical mechanisms of brain aging and the cognitive deficits of “normal brain aging” were seen as two not related and independent processes not related to AD. AD has always been characterized for decades by the presence of histopathological alterations (extracellular amyloid- containing plaques and intracellular tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau-protein), by neurodegeneration (synaptic deficits and finally neuronal loss), as well as by severe cognitive deficits clinically often accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms like delusions, as already described in the first famous patient Auguste D at the Psychiatric Hospital of Frankfurt. If or if not one or both of the two histopathological hallmarks play a causative role remains unclear until now. The discovery of homocygotic risk genes in most of the very rare (probably less than 1%) cases of early onset AD which share increased production of β-amyloid (Aβ) as one (but probably not the only one) common property led to the hypothesis of Aβ as the major causative factor for the development of AD. It was neglected that plaques density in the brain of AD patients did not correlate with presence and severity of clinical symptoms, while synaptic deficits did so even in first observations already published many years ago. Based on the Amyloid hypothesis, many drug treatments to remove Aβ plaques were developed. Even if all seemed to remove Aβ to some extent, all strategies failed to improve the symptoms of dementia. Thus, other concepts to explain the development of clinical symptoms of AD over time are needed. These should include the brain aging process not only as a statistical but also as a causative contributing factor. These concepts should not only relay on cell or animal models but should much more take into account the disease and the patients. A closer look at the situation in PD will certainly be helpful.
Book Synopsis Excitotoxic Loss of Post-synaptic Sites is Distinct Temporally and Mechanistically from Neuronal Death by : Jonathan James Waataja
Download or read book Excitotoxic Loss of Post-synaptic Sites is Distinct Temporally and Mechanistically from Neuronal Death written by Jonathan James Waataja and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neuronal Self-Defense: Compensatory Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Disorders by : Rosanna Parlato
Download or read book Neuronal Self-Defense: Compensatory Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Disorders written by Rosanna Parlato and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-02-26 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of specific populations of neurons with consequent deterioration of brain's function and dramatic impact on human behavior. At present, there are no effective cures for neurodegenerative diseases. Because unambiguous diagnosis is possible only after manifestation of symptoms, when a large proportion of neurons has been already lost, therapies are necessarily confined to alleviation of symptoms. Development of cures halting the disease course is hampered by our rudimentary understanding of the etiopathology. Most neurodegenerative disorders are sporadic and age-related and - even for those of known genetic origin - the mechanisms influencing disease onset and progression have not been fully characterized. The different diseases, however, share important similarities in the mechanisms responsible for neuronal loss, which is caused by a combination of endogenous and exogenous challenges. Trophic deprivation, oxidative stress, accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, and bioenergetics defects have been described in most, if not all, neurodegenerative disease. To counterbalance these noxious stimuli cells deploy, at least during the initial pathogenic states, intrinsic neuroprotective responses. These are general compensatory mechanisms, common to several neurodegenerative conditions, which reprogram cellular physiology to overcome stress. Adaptation includes strategies to optimize energetic resources, for instance reduction of rRNA synthesis to repress translation, suppression of transcription, and bioenergetics and metabolic redesign. Additional mechanisms include potentiation of antioxidant capacity, induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and activation of protein quality control systems and autophagy. Ineffective execution of these compensatory strategies severely threatens cellular homeostasis and favors onset of pathology. Therefore, a better understanding of these "buffering" mechanisms and of their interconnections may help to devise more effective therapeutic tools to prolong neuronal survival and activity, independently of the original genetic mutations and stress insults. This Research Topic focuses on the initial compensatory responses protecting against failure of those mechanisms that sustain neuronal survival and activity. The collection intends to summarize the state-of-the-art in this field and to propose novel research contributes, with the ultimate goal of inspiring innovative studies aimed to contrast progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Book Synopsis Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases by : Gabor G. Kovacs
Download or read book Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Gabor G. Kovacs and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide to the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases discusses modern molecular techniques, morphological classification, fundamentals of clinical symptomology, diagnostic pitfalls and immunostaining protocols. It is based on the proteinopathy concept of neurodegenerative disease, which has influenced classification and provides new strategies for therapy. Numerous high-quality images, including histopathology photomicrographs and neuroradiology scans, accompany the description of morphologic alterations and interpretation of immunoreactivities. Diagnostic methods and criteria are placed within recent developments in neuropathology, including the now widespread application of immunohistochemistry. To aid daily practice, the guide includes diagnostic algorithms and offers personal insights from experienced experts in the field. Special focus is given to the way brain tissue should be handled during diagnosis. This is a must-have reference for medical specialists and specialist medical trainees in the fields of pathology, neuropathology and neurology working with neuropathologic features of neurodegenerative diseases.
Book Synopsis Advances in Research on Neurodegeneration by : R. Horowski
Download or read book Advances in Research on Neurodegeneration written by R. Horowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-24 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 10th International Winter Conference on Neurodegeneration (lWCN) has taken place from February 14-16,2002, at the lovely "SchloB Ziethen", an old prussian manor (in Prussia, 'faute de mieux', called 'SchloB', i. e. cas tle or residence). This place is 20 km off Tegel Airport, Berlin's main airport, and has been beautifully restored by baroness Edith von Thiingen (nee von BUlow, i. e. of historical Prussian aristocracy); it lends itself rather perfectly for the IWCN type of small interdisciplinary workshops on neurodegenera tion which combine short lectures with plenty of discussion. In this context, we could quote Alexander von Humboldt's famous opening words for one of the first international scientific meetings held at Berlin, on September 18, 1828: "The main purpose . . . does not consist in a mutual reading of manuscripts all to be printed after at least one year in specialised publications, but in the personal communication amongst those who work in similar scientific fields; the oral and thus more stimulating exchange of ideas, might they represent facts, opinions or doubts; the foundation of friendly relations which convey illumination to our sciences, serene grace to our lives and tolerance and mildness to our habits . . . Berlin, Sept. 18, 1828 Alexander von Humboldt To the IWCN aficionado, it may come as a little surprise that this is the pub lication of the 10th Winter Conference as this might mean that they must have missed number 9.
Book Synopsis Hypothesis and Dynamics in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders by : Lawrence M. Agius
Download or read book Hypothesis and Dynamics in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders written by Lawrence M. Agius and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a series of clinical and pathologic observations that are thought to contribute to progressive incremental severity in neuronal cell loss and tissue atrophy in the cerebral cortex. The book includes a critical reappraisal of lesions in
Book Synopsis Neurodegeneration by : Dennis Dickson
Download or read book Neurodegeneration written by Dennis Dickson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most textbooks on neurodegenerative disorders have used a classification scheme based upon either clinical syndromes or anatomical distribution of the pathology. In contrast, this book looks to the future and uses a classification based upon molecular mechanisms, rather than clinical or anatomical boundaries. Major advances in molecular genetics and the application of biochemical and immunocytochemical techniques to neurodegenerative disorders have generated this new approach. Throughout most of the current volume, diseases are clustered according to the proteins that accumulate within cells (e.g. tau, α-synuclein and TDP-43) and in the extracellular compartments (e.g. β-amyloid and prion proteins) or according to a shared pathogenetic mechanism, such as trinucleotide repeats, that are a feature of specific genetic disorders. Chapters throughout the book conform to a standard lay-out for ease of access by the reader and are written by a panel of International Experts Since the first edition of this book, major advances have been made in the discovery of common molecular mechanisms between many neurodegenerative diseases most notably in the frontotemporal lobar degenerations (FTLD) and motor neuron disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This book will be essential reading for clinicians, neuropathologists and basic neuroscientists who require the firm up-to-date knowledge of mechanisms, diagnostic pathology and genetics of Neurodegenerative diseases that is required for progress in therapy and management.
Book Synopsis Synaptic Function by : Neurosciences Institute (New York, N.Y.)
Download or read book Synaptic Function written by Neurosciences Institute (New York, N.Y.) and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1987 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of five sections. The first section details methods for analyzing both presynaptic and postsynaptic function and emphasizes the molecular aspects of synapses. It describes ongoing studies of neurotransmitter release, voltage- sensitive ion channels, and electronic transmission at gap junctions. The second section focuses on the growing menagerie of neurotransmitters: their catagorization into chemical families, their relation to ion channels, their modulation by second messenger systems and their role in pharmacologic action. The third section considers the important relationship of transmitter diversity and synaptic types to the behavior of actual cellular networks. All of the studies described in these sections point to the necessity of considering interactions between anatomy, chemistry, physiology and pharmacology if synaptic function is to be understood at any one of these levels of analysis.
Book Synopsis Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer’s Disease by : A.D. Roses
Download or read book Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer’s Disease written by A.D. Roses and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is now considerable genetic evidence that the type 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene is a major susceptibility factor associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease, the common form of the disease defined as starting after sixty years of age. The role of apolipoprotein E in normal brain metabolism and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease are new and exciting avenues of research. This book, written by the most outstanding scientists in this new filed, is the first presentation of results concerning the implications of apolipoprotein E on the genetics, cell biology, neuropathology, biochemistry, and therapeutic management of Alzheimer's disease.
Book Synopsis Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease by : Ralph N. Martins
Download or read book Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease written by Ralph N. Martins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the impact of diet, exercise, genetics, and hormones on the risk and development of Alzheimer’s and other neurogenerative diseases Diet is widely known to impact on neurological function. Nevertheless, academic texts discussing this relationship are relatively few in number. This book therefore fills an important gap in the current literature. Opening with an overview of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, the text then focuses on explaining the means by which glycemic control and lipid metabolism – and associated nutritional and lifestyle variables – may factor into such disorders’ prevention and treatment. An international group of experts in the fields of food science and neurodegeneration have contributed chapters that examine Alzheimer’s disease within a broad range of contexts. Offering dietary, genetic, and hormonal perspectives, the authors explore topics ranging from sugar consumption to digestive fermentation, and Alzheimer’s disease animal models to the cognition-enhancing effects of physical exercise. Also included are overviews of the latest research into current and developing methods of treatment and diagnosis, as well as differential diagnostics. This groundbreaking book: Explores how glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and high intake of refined carbohydrates are linked to Alzheimer's disease Discusses how genetic makeup can impact risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease Examines cognitive changes in neurodegeneration, lists current tests for determining cognitive impairment, and provides information concerning differential diagnosis Discusses potential advantages of increasing antioxidant and micronutrient intake Reviews hormonal influences on neurodegeneration Examines the links between protein intake and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease is an essential resource for researchers, medical practitioners, dietitians, and students with an interest in neurological diseases and their diagnosis and risk factors, as well as diet-related conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Lifestyle and diet influence neurodegeneration risk, and a better understanding of this evidence amongst health professionals will hopefully lead to greater public awareness of how to reduce the likelihood of these widespread conditions.