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Sustainable Production Of Allyl Alcohol Gas Phase Conversion Of Glycerol Over Metals Promoted Aluminosilicate Zeolite Catalysts In A Fixed Bed Continuous Flow Reactor
Download Sustainable Production Of Allyl Alcohol Gas Phase Conversion Of Glycerol Over Metals Promoted Aluminosilicate Zeolite Catalysts In A Fixed Bed Continuous Flow Reactor full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Sustainable Production Of Allyl Alcohol Gas Phase Conversion Of Glycerol Over Metals Promoted Aluminosilicate Zeolite Catalysts In A Fixed Bed Continuous Flow Reactor ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Sustainable Production of Allyl Alcohol: Gas-phase Conversion of Glycerol Over Metals Promoted Aluminosilicate Zeolite Catalysts in a Fixed-bed Continuous Flow Reactor by : Blaž Likozar
Download or read book Sustainable Production of Allyl Alcohol: Gas-phase Conversion of Glycerol Over Metals Promoted Aluminosilicate Zeolite Catalysts in a Fixed-bed Continuous Flow Reactor written by Blaž Likozar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass by : Badal C. Saha
Download or read book Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass written by Badal C. Saha and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for a wide variety of biotechnologists, this book provides a major review of the state-of-the-art in bioethanol production technologies, enzymatic biomass conversion, and biodiesel. It also provides a detailed explanation of a breakthrough in photosynthetic water splitting which could result in a doubling of the efficiency of solar energy conversion by green plants. The book covers production of lactic acid, succinic acid, 1,3-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol, and polyhydroxybutyrate and xylitol. It also includes a chapter on synthesis-gas fermentation.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Processes for The Valorisation of Biomass Derived Molecules by : Francesco Mauriello
Download or read book Catalytic Processes for The Valorisation of Biomass Derived Molecules written by Francesco Mauriello and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decades, inedible lignocellulosic biomasses have attracted significant attention for being abundant resources that are not in competition with agricultural land or food production and, therefore, can be used as starting renewable material for the production of a wide variety of platform chemicals. The three main components of lignocellulosic biomasses are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, complex biopolymers that can be converted into a pool of platform molecules including sugars, polyols, alchols, ketons, ethers, acids and aromatics. Various technologies have been explored for their one-pot conversion into chemicals, fuels and materials. However, in order to develop new catalytic processes for the selective production of desired products, a complete understanding of the molecular aspects of the basic chemistry and reactivity of biomass derived molecules is still crucial. This Special Issue reports on recent progress and advances in the catalytic valorization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin model molecules promoted by novel heterogeneous systems for the production of energy, fuels and chemicals.
Book Synopsis Gas Phase Hydroformylation of Propylene and Allyl Alcohol with Immobilized Rhodium Complexes by : Nicolaas A. de Munck
Download or read book Gas Phase Hydroformylation of Propylene and Allyl Alcohol with Immobilized Rhodium Complexes written by Nicolaas A. de Munck and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalytic Conversion of Syngas to Mixed Alcohols Over Zn-Mn Promoted Cu-Fe Based Catalyst by :
Download or read book Catalytic Conversion of Syngas to Mixed Alcohols Over Zn-Mn Promoted Cu-Fe Based Catalyst written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zn-Mn promoted Cu-Fe based catalyst was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Mixed alcohols synthesis from syngas was studied in a half-inch tubular reactor system after the catalyst was reduced. Zn-Mn promoted Cu-Fe based catalyst was characterized by SEM-EDS, TEM, XRD, and XPS. The liquid phase products (alcohol phase and hydrocarbon phase) were analyzed by GC-MS and the gas phase products were analyzed by GC. The results showed that Zn-Mn promoted Cu-Fe based catalyst had high catalytic activity and high alcohol selectivity. The maximal CO conversion rate was 72%, and the yield of alcohol and hydrocarbons were also very high. Cu (111) was the active site for mixed alcohols synthesis, Fe2C (101) was the active site for olefin and paraffin synthesis. The reaction mechanism of mixed alcohols synthesis from syngas over Zn-Mn promoted Cu-Fe based catalyst was proposed. Here, Zn-Mn promoted Cu-Fe based catalyst can be regarded as a potential candidate for catalytic conversion of biomass-derived syngas to mixed alcohols.
Book Synopsis Gas-phase Conversion of Glycerol to Methanol Over Magnesium Oxide Catalysts by : Karl S. Mugford
Download or read book Gas-phase Conversion of Glycerol to Methanol Over Magnesium Oxide Catalysts written by Karl S. Mugford and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Mechanistic Study by : Daniel James Driscoll
Download or read book A Mechanistic Study written by Daniel James Driscoll and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oxygenates Vs. Synthesis Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methanol synthesis from H[sub 2]/CO has been carried out at 7.6 MPa over zirconia-supported copper catalysts. Catalysts with nominal compositions of 10/90 mol% and 30/70 mol% Cu/ZrO[sub 2] were used in this study. Additionally, a 3 mol% cesium-doped 10/90 catalyst was prepared to study the effect of doping with heavy alkali, and this promoter greatly increased the methanol productivity. The effects of CO[sub 2] addition, water injection, reaction temperature, and H[sub 2]/C0 ratio have been investigated. Both CO[sub 2] addition to the synthesis gas and cesium doping of the catalyst promoted methanol synthesis, while inhibiting the synthesis of dimethyl ether. Injection of water, however, was found to slightly suppress methanol and dimethyl ether formation while being converted to CO[sub 2] via the water gas shift reaction over these catalysts. There was no clear correlation between copper surface area and catalyst activity. Surface analysis of the tested samples revealed that copper tended to migrate and enrich the catalyst surface. The concept of employing a double-bed reactor with a pronounced temperature gradient to enhance higher alcohol synthesis was explored, and it was found that utilization of a Cs-promoted Cu/ZnO/Cr[sub 2]O[sub 3] catalyst as a first lower temperature bed and a Cs-promoted ZnO/Cr[sub 2]O[sub 3] catalyst as a second high-temperature bed significantly promoted the productivity of 2-methyl-1-propanol (isobutanol) from H[sub 2]/CO synthesis gas mixtures. While the conversion of CO to C[sub 2+] oxygenates over the double-bed configuration was comparable to that observed over the single Cu-based catalyst, major changes in the product distribution occurred by the coupling to the zinc chromite catalyst; that is, the productivity of the C[sub 1]-C[sub 3] alcohols decreased dramatically, and 2-methyl branched alcohols were selectively formed. The desirable methanol/2-methyl oxygenate molar ratios close to 1 were obtained in the present double-bed system that provides the feedstock for the synthesis of high octane and high cetane ethers, where the isobutanol productivity was as high as 139 g/kg cat/hr. Higher alcohol synthesis has been investigated over a Cs/Cu/ZnO/Cr[sub 2]O[sub 3] catalyst at temperatures higher (up to 703K) than those previously utilized, and no sintering of the catalyst was observed during the short-term testing. However, the higher reaction temperatures led to lower CO conversion levels and lower yield of alcohols, especially of methanol, because of equilibrium limitations. With the double catalyst bed configuration, the effect of pressure in the range of 7.6--12.4 MPa on catalyst activity and selectivity was studied. The upper bed was composed of the copper-based catalyst at 598K, and the lower bed consisted of a copper-free Cs-ZnO/Cr[sub 2]O[sub 3] catalyst at a high temperature of 678K. High pressure was found to increase CO conversion to oxygenated products, although the increase in isobutanol productivity did not keep pace with that of methanol. It was also shown that the Cs/Cu/ZnO/Cr[sub 2]O[sub 3] catalyst could be utilized to advantage as the second-bed catalyst at 613--643K instead of the previously used copper-free Cs-ZnO/ Cr[sub 2]O[sub 3] catalyst at higher temperature, With double Cs/Cu/ZnO/Cr[sub 2]O[sub 3] catalysts, high space time yields of up to 202 g/kg cat/hr, with high selectivity to isobutanol, were achieved.
Book Synopsis Biomass Conversion by : Chinnappan Baskar
Download or read book Biomass Conversion written by Chinnappan Baskar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-08 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The consumption of petroleum has surged during the 20th century, at least partially because of the rise of the automobile industry. Today, fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas provide more than three quarters of the world's energy. Unfortunately, the growing demand for fossil fuel resources comes at a time of diminishing reserves of these nonrenewable resources. The worldwide reserves of oil are sufficient to supply energy and chemicals for only about another 40 years, causing widening concerns about rising oil prices. The use of biomass to produce energy is only one form of renewable energy that can be utilized to reduce the impact of energy production and use on the global environment. Biomass can be converted into three main products such as energy, biofuels and fine chemicals using a number of different processes. Today, it is a great challenge for researchers to find new environmentally benign methodology for biomass conversion, which are industrially profitable as well. This book focuses on the conversion of biomass to biofuels, bioenergy and fine chemicals with the interface of biotechnology, microbiology, chemistry and materials science. An international scientific authorship summarizes the state-of-the-art of the current research and gives an outlook on future developments.
Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts in the Etherification of Glycerol with Tert-butyl Alcohol and Isoamyl Alcohol by : Cristian David Miranda Munoz
Download or read book Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts in the Etherification of Glycerol with Tert-butyl Alcohol and Isoamyl Alcohol written by Cristian David Miranda Munoz and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Different heterogeneous acid solids based on zeolites and sulfonated graphene oxides have been evaluated as catalysts in the etherification of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol. The zeolites used in this study, such as mordenite, faujasite, beta and H-ZSM5, were compared to study the effect of pore structure and size, as well as the size of the crystal in the conversion of glycerol and the selectivity towards the di and tri-tert-butyl ether of glycerol. The results showed that, in a liquid phase reaction sensitive to diffusion limitations, the porous zeolite network is not sufficient to predict activity, selectivity and stability. The accessibility to the pore must be taken into account according to its internal volume. The zeolites *BEA and MFI have similar pore volumes, but the difference in the opening of the pores (more than 1 Å) is sufficient to generate strong diffusion limitations in the case of the medium pore zeolite. The activity of the zeolite * H-BEA is proportional to the concentration of the Brønsted acid site as long as the size of the crystals is less than 100 nm (without limitation of internal diffusion). In the case of faujasite with supercages, successive etherification is preferred.In the second series of catalysts, the graphene oxide was obtained by the modified Hummers method and its subsequent reduction by three different routes: i - hydrazine, ii - Zn/HCl and iii - ascorbic acid. Graphene oxide has a different C/O ratio at the surface. Finally, these last solids were functionalized using sulfanilic acid, generating new Brønsted acid sites. Catalytic tests have shown that, regardless of the graphene oxide, the conversion of glycerol is greater than that obtained with Amberlyst® (A-15), which is the reference catalyst for this reaction. The selectivity after 10 hours of reaction is also comparable to that of A-15. This study has shown that the control of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance is very important because it depends on the amount of oxygenated groups on the surface.Regarding the mechanism of reaction, it turned out to be different in both cases, favoring Eley-Rideal (ER) in the reaction with zeolites, whereas, in the case of graphene oxides, a mechanism of type Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) predominates. Finally, zeolite Beta, Amberlyst® 15 and sulfonated graphene oxide have been evaluated as catalysts in the etherification of glycerol with isoamyl alcohol. The results show that the activation of the primary alcohol is more difficult in the "moderate" conditions of the reaction studied than with that of tert-butyl alcohol. On the other hand, it has been found that the self-etherification of isoamyl alcohol (to form isoamyl ether) favors the etherification of glycerol.
Book Synopsis The Future of Glycerol by : Mario Pagliaro
Download or read book The Future of Glycerol written by Mario Pagliaro and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2008 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By-products of global biodiesel manufacturing are a modern day global fact responsible for igniting a number of year's worldwide intense research activity into human chemical ingenuity. This highly anticipated 2nd Edition depicts how practical limitations posed by glycerol chemistry are solved based on the understanding of the fundamental chemistry of glycerol and by application of catalysis science and technology. The authors report and comment on employable, practical avenues applicable to convert glycerol into value added products of mass consumption. The best-selling reference book in the.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Transformation of Renewables (Olefin, Bio-Sourced, et. al) by : Nikolaos Dimitratos
Download or read book Catalytic Transformation of Renewables (Olefin, Bio-Sourced, et. al) written by Nikolaos Dimitratos and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-08-30 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this Special Issue is to provide new contributions in the area of biomass valorization using heterogeneous catalysts and focusing specifically on the structure/activity relationships of specific and important oxidation, hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation and biocatalytic processes. The issue emphasizes the influence of the design and morphology of the catalyst, in terms of particle size, redox and acid-base properties and catalyst stability. Finally, mechanistic studies and examples of design and optimization of industrial processes are presented.
Book Synopsis The Potential and Challenges of Drop-In Biofuels by : Sergios Karatzos
Download or read book The Potential and Challenges of Drop-In Biofuels written by Sergios Karatzos and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells by : Horacio R. Corti
Download or read book Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells written by Horacio R. Corti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Materials, Performance, Durability and Applications begins with an introductory overview of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFC); it focuses on the main goals and challenges in the areas of materials development, performance, and commercialization. The preparation and the properties of the anodic catalysts used for the oxidation of methanol, higher alcohols, and alcohol tolerant cathodes are then described. The membranes used as proton conductors in DAFC are examined, as well as alkaline membranes, focusing on the electrical conductivity and alcohol permeability. The use of different kinds of carbon materials as catalyst supports, gas diffusion layers, and current collectors in DAFC is also discussed. State of the art of the modeling is used to estimate performance and durability. The closing chapter reviews the use of DAFC in portable equipment and mobile devices and features a detailed discussion on the mechanisms of component degradation which limits their durability. This book is written to facilitate the understanding of DAFC technology, applications, and future challenges. It is an excellent introduction for electrochemical and material engineers interested in small fuel cells as portable energy sources, scientists focused on materials science for energy production and storage, as well as policy-makers in the area of renewable energies.
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Catalysts by : Christian Hess
Download or read book Nanostructured Catalysts written by Christian Hess and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2011-07-22 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book gives a comprehensive up-to-date summary of the existing information on the structural/electronic properties, chemistry and catalytic properties of vanadium and molybdenum containing catalysts. It discusses the importance of nanoscience for the controlled synthesis of catalysts with functional properties and introduces the necessary background regarding surface properties and preparation techniques, leading from a textbook level to the current state of knowledge. Then follows an extensive survey and analysis of the existing open and patent literature - an essential knowledge source for the development of the new generation of partial oxidation catalysts. Important examples from current research on partial oxidation reactions are reviewed from experts in the field. The next chapter discusses the importance of 2- and 3-dimensional model systems for a fundamental understanding of the structure of transition metal oxide catalysts and its correlation to reactivity. Finally, an outlook on research opportunities within the area of partial oxidation reactions is presented.
Book Synopsis Materials Handbook by : John A. Vaccari
Download or read book Materials Handbook written by John A. Vaccari and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2002-07-09 with total page 1244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Materials Handbook is an encyclopedic, A-to-Z organization of all types of materials, featuring their key performance properties, principal characteristics and applications in product design. Materials include ferrous and nonferrous metals, plastics, elastomers, ceramics, woods, composites, chemicals, minerals, textiles, fuels, foodstuffs and natural plant and animal substances --more than 13,000 in all. Properties are expressed in both U.S. customary and metric units and a thorough index eases finding details on each and every material. Introduced in 1929 and often known simply as "Brady's," this comprehensive, one-volume, 1244 page encyclopedia of materials is intended for executives, managers, supervisors, engineers, and technicians, in engineering, manufacturing, marketing, purchasing and sales as well as educators and students. Of the dozens of families of materials updated in the 15th Edition, the most extensive additions pertain to adhesives, activated carbon, aluminides, aluminum alloys, catalysts, ceramics, composites, fullerences, heat-transfer fluids, nanophase materials, nickel alloys, olefins, silicon nitride, stainless steels, thermoplastic elastomers, titanium alloys, tungsten alloys, valve alloys and welding and hard-facing alloys. Also widely updated are acrylics, brazing alloys, chelants, biodegradable plastics, molybdenum alloys, plastic alloys, recyclate plastics, superalloys, supercritical fluids and tool steels. New classes of materials added include aliphatic polyketones, carburizing secondary-hardening steels and polyarylene ether benzimidazoles. Carcinogens and materials likely to be cancer-causing in humans are listed for the first time.
Book Synopsis Chemical Tradename Dictionary by : Michael Ash
Download or read book Chemical Tradename Dictionary written by Michael Ash and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-12-17 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This key reference will serve as the most comprehensive source for identifying and locating products in the international chemical marketplace. It has been written for the chemists, materials sientists, end-product formulators, industrial application specialists and scientists working in associated fields.
