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Author : Frank G. Schwartz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Survey of Research on Thermal Stability of Petroleum Jet Fuels written by Frank G. Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Coordinating Research Council. Aviation Group on Oxidation Stability of Gas Turbine Fuels. Literature Survey Panel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (676 download)
Download or read book CRC Literature Survey on the Thermal Oxidation Stability of Jet Fuel written by Coordinating Research Council. Aviation Group on Oxidation Stability of Gas Turbine Fuels. Literature Survey Panel and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : G. D. KITTREDGE
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book THERMAL STABILITY OF HYDROCARBON FUELS. written by G. D. KITTREDGE and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research was conducted to: (1) develop a small scale jet fuel thermal stability tester capable of operation at fuel temperatures from 300 to 650 F with samples 1 qt or less in size, and (2) study the effects of storage on thermal stability performance of JP-6 grade jet fuels and establish causes (in terms of environmental factors and fuel composition) for any adverse results observed. Three potentially useful techniques were produced: (1) a recirculating-flow dynamic method measuring deposit insulating effects around a heated surface which requires 1000 ml fuel samples, (2) a static method measuring deposit insulating effects around a heated nickel wire which requires 150 ml fuel samples, and (=0 a static method based on ch nges in fuel light transmission characteristics after heating which requires only 5-ml fuel samples. The JP-6 storage stability invesigation (1 yr) showed that 3 out of 5 test fuels did deteriorate significantly after 26 wk at 110 F in terms of CFR Fuel Coker rating, while a fourth fuel showed evidence of deterioration in one container only which is attributed to solids contamination. (Author).
Author : Robert N. Hazlett
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels written by Robert N. Hazlett and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1991 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781722895495
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (954 download)
Download or read book Thermal Stability of Jet Fuels written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-13 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this study was on the autoxidation kinetics of deposit precursor formation in jet fuels. The objectives were: (1) to demonstrate that laser-induced fluorescence is a viable kinetic tool for measuring rates of deposit precursor formation in jet fuels; (2) to determine global rate expressions for the formation of thermal deposit precursors in jet fuels; and (3) to better understand the chemical mechanism of thermal stability. The fuels were isothermally stressed in small glass ampules in the 120 to 180 C range. Concentrations of deposit precursor, hydroperoxide and oxygen consumption were measured over time in the thermally stressed fuels. Deposit precursors were measured using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), hydroperoxides using a spectrophotometric technique, and oxygen consumption by the pressure loss in the ampule. The expressions, I.P. = 1.278 x 10(exp -11)exp(28,517.9/RT) and R(sub dp) = 2.382 x 10(exp 17)exp(-34,369.2/RT) for the induction period, I.P. and rate of deposit precursor formation R(sub dp), were determined for Jet A fuel. The results of the study support a new theory of deposit formation in jet fuels, which suggest that acid catalyzed ionic reactions compete with free radical reactions to form deposit precursors. The results indicate that deposit precursors form only when aromatics are present in the fuel. Traces of sulfur reduce the rate of autoxidation but increase the yield of deposit precursor. Free radical chemistry is responsible for hydroperoxide formation and the oxidation of sulfur compounds to sulfonic acids. Phenols are then formed by the acid catalyzed decomposition of benzylic hydroperoxides, and deposit precursors are produced by the reaction of phenols with aldehydes, which forms a polymer similar to Bakelite. Deposit precursors appear to have a phenolic resin-like structure because the LIF spectra of the deposit precursors were similar to that of phenolic resin dissolved in TAM. Naegeli, David W. Glenn Research Center ...
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book THERMAL STABILITY OF JET FUELS. written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the effect of mercaptans on the formation of insoluble sediment in jet fuels at elevated temperatures is reported. The study was conducted in three experimental series. Series 1 involved the testing of TC-1 fuels to determine the temperature of maximum sediment formation. Series 2 dealt with the effects of mercaptans and catalytic metals on sediment formation at 150 deg C. Series 3 extended the experiments of series 2 to the 100-300 deg C ring . Sediment formation increased with increasing mercaptan content, and the temperature of maximum sediment formation was 150 deg C.
Author : Perry W. Kirklin
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 : 0803114311
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Aviation Fuel written by Perry W. Kirklin and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1992 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For technical readers in the aviation and fuel industries, and in testing laboratories, explores the history and philosophy of the thermal stability of aviation fuel, and considerations during the fuel's manufacture, storage and transport, use, and assessment. The 13 papers, representing a number of
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Advanced Thermally Stable Coal-Derived Jet Fuels Compositional Factors Affecting Thermal Degradation of Jet Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project focuses on the compositional factors affecting high temperature thermal stability of coal-derived and petroleum-based jet fuels in pyrolytic regime. Thermal stability refers to the resistance of fuel to chemical decomposition at high temperatures to cause the solid deposition and liquid depletion. There are four broad objectives in this project, and the research work is divided into four tasks. The first task clarifies the chemistry of fuel degradation and mechanisms of solid formation, and identifying thermally stable classes of hydrocarbon compounds, and providing information for enhancing intrinsic stability of jet fuels. The second task involves characterization of the solids including deposits, sediments and gums produced from fuels and model compounds at high temperatures. The third task is to explore the means to enhance the thermal stability of fuels by examining the effects of various additives. The fourth task is a newly initiated exploratory study on conversion of coals to thermally stable jet fuels.
Author : Sara Khan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book A Parametric Study of Jet Fuel Thermal Stability written by Sara Khan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal stability and degradation of a commercial jet fuel were studied using an experimental rig developed recently. The apparatus consists of a fuel pre-heating section to simulate the usage of fuel as a coolant on aircraft, and a test section to simulate operating conditions found in aircraft injector fuel nozzles. Two independent diagnostic techniques, pressure drop measurements and carbon burn-off, were applied to assess carbon deposition produced within a test section. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the effect of test section inner diameter, test section material, and test section inlet temperature gradient on carbon deposition within the test section. It was determined that as the inner diameter of a test section increased, carbon deposition generally decreased. The axial location of maximum surface deposition moved downstream in a narrower test section. It was also found that solid carbon deposition decreased by increasing the test section inlet temperature gradient.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Jet Fuel Thermal Stability written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various aspects of the thermal stability problem associated with the use of broadened-specification and nonpetroleum-derived turbine fuels are addressed. The state of the art is reviewed and the status of the research being conducted at various laboratories is presented. Discussions among representatives from universities, refineries, engine and airframe manufacturers, airlines, the Government, and others are presented along with conclusions and both broad and specific recommendations for future stability research and development. It is concluded that significant additional effort is required to cope with the fuel stability problems which will be associated with the potentially poorer quality fuels of the future such as broadened specification petroleum fuels or fuels produced from synthetic sources.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (22 download)
Download or read book CRC Literature Survey on the Thermal Oxidation Stability of Jet Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)
Download or read book Thermal Stability of Jet Fuels: Kinetics of Forming Deposit Precursors written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ella Mae Shelton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Aviation Turbine Fuels, 1977 written by Ella Mae Shelton and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Bureau of Mines
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book List of Bureau of Mines Publications and Articles ... with Subject and Author Index written by United States. Bureau of Mines and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Coordinating Research Council. Aviation Group on Oxidation Stability of Gas Turbine Fuels. JFTOT Evaluation Panel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (756 download)
Download or read book Research Technique for Thermal Stability by Modified Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Test (JFTOT). written by Coordinating Research Council. Aviation Group on Oxidation Stability of Gas Turbine Fuels. JFTOT Evaluation Panel and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael Serlo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (455 download)
Download or read book In-Situ Methods for Study of Fuel Thermal Stability written by Michael Serlo and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work was to develop a methodology for in-situ optical measurements of peroxide decomposition products from aviation fuels and demonstrate how this information could be related to fuel stability. Three fiber optic probes (2 Mid-IR, 1 Near-IR) were designed and constructed, and used to monitor the changes in composition of two fuels (Shell Jet A #2827 and Sun Jet A-1 #2747) after thermal stressing. Both mid-IR probes were found to be very sensitive to changes in fuel composition. The large gap (1 mm) IR cell was used to make in-situ IR transmission measurements for peroxide decomposition products, including carbonyls (free and acid form), alcohols, and CO2 (two forms). These measurements were consistent with the generally accepted free radical mechanism of fuel degradation, including the inverse relationship between oxidative and thermal stability. The data from the small gap (0.1 mm) IR cell were found to be consistent with changes in deposit formation tendencies with temperature for similar fuels reported in the literature. In an option task, an FT-Raman probe was evaluated and found to be much less sensitive than the Mid-IR probes. This disadvantage may be remedied by the use of a surface enhanced probe. The potential applications include an instrument for development and evaluation of thermally stable fuels or supercritical fuels, improved global models of fuel degradation mechanisms, and on-board monitors of fuel thermal stability.
Author : Rahim Boylu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Thermal Oxidative Stability of Sustainable Aviation Fuels Using a Novel Thermal Stability Measurement Method written by Rahim Boylu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In aviation industry, fuel is used as both propellant and coolant. Because the fuel is used as coolant, it is exposed to thermally stressed. This thermal stress leads to occur thermal oxidative reactions at some temperature levels (150 0́3 350℗ʻC). However, all fuels have different thermal oxidative stability depends on their fuel physical and chemical properties. Thermal oxidative stability can be basically identified as the resistance of autoxidation of fuel. The aim of this study is to develop a new test method and test range of alternative fuels in it, for generation of knowledge in the area of thermal stability of alternative fuels. In order to measure thermal stability of aviation fuels, a novel thermal stability measurement method has been developed in this study. After considering and setting a novel test rig up, experiments have been conducted for some fuels, such as diesel fuel, two Jet A fuels from different manufacturers, Jet Propellant - 5 (JP-5), Jet Propellant - 8 (JP-8) and some sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), such as HEFA-SPK (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids)-(Synthetic paraffinic kerosene), Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ), Biojet and Gevo jet blend fuels. Diesel fuel has been used in this study mostly to analyze if this new measurement method has been working properly. Jet A fuel is also most common used in commercial aviation industry; so, it is a good reference fuel to compare the results of sustainable fuels with. SAFs have a great deal of potential to be used in aviation industry for the future due to their environmentally friendly properties. Unlike other fuels, JP-5 and JP-8 are mostly employed in military aircrafts. Throughout the experimental period, these fuels have been heated to get exposed to thermally stressed, and dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors have been run to analyze oxygen (O2) content inside of each thermally stressed fuel. By measuring the O2 content inside of fuel, fuel break point has been measured. Fuel break point is determined where the thermal oxidative reactions begin. At the end of this study, all results of fuel break points and O2 consumptions of fuels during the thermal oxidative reactions have been compared, and it has found that HEFA-SPK has higher fuel break point than ones of other fuels, while one of Jet A, JP-8, and F-T/ATJ have the lowest one. This study shows that different fuels have different decomposition rate, and trend of fuel break point and oxygen consumption rate of tested fuels has been provided in this study.
