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Download or read book Survey of Degradation Modes of Candidate Materials for High-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Containers :Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yucca Mountain Project (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Survey of Degradation Modes of Candidate Materials for High-level Radioactive-waste Disposal Containers written by Yucca Mountain Project (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These volumes discuss three nickel-based austenitic alloys and three copper-based alloys under consideration for the fabrication of high-level radioactive-waste disposal containers. Literature was surveyed for and the results were applied to the physical, chemical, metallurgical, and mechanical conditions that are expected to occur in the case of the emplaced metal containers at the Yucca Mountain repository.
Author : D. W. Vinson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Survey of the Degradation Modes of Candidate Materials for High-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Containers written by D. W. Vinson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Survey of Degradation Modes of Candidate Materials for High-level Radioactive-waste Disposal Containers written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume surveys the effects of welding on the degradation modes of three austenitic alloys: Types 304L and 316L stainless steels and Alloy 825. These materials are candidates for the fabrication of containers for the long-term storage of high-level nuclear waste. The metallurgical characteristics of fusion welds are reviewed here and related to potential degradation modes of the containers. Three specific areas are discussed in depth: (1) decreased resistance to corrosion in the forms of preferential corrosion, sensitization, and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking, (2) hot cracking in the heat-affected zone and the weld zone, and (3) formation of intermetallic phases. The austenitic alloys are ranked as follows in terms of overall weldability: Alloy 825 (best)> Type 316L stainless steel> Type 304L stainless steel (worst). 108 refs., 31 figs., 7 tabs.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Survey of Degradation Modes of Candidate Materials for High-level Radioactive-waste Disposal Containers ; Overview written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three iron- to nickel-based austenitic alloys and three copper-based alloys are being considered as candidate materials for the fabrication of high-level radioactive-waste disposal containers. The austenitic alloys are Types 304L and 316L stainless steels and the high-nickel material Alloy 825. The copper-based alloys are CDA 102 (oxygen-free copper), CDA 613 (Cu-7Al), and CDA 715 (Cu-30Ni). Waste in the forms of both spent fuel assemblies from reactors and borosilicate glass will be sent to the prospective repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The decay of radionuclides will result in the generation of substantial heat and gamma radiation. Container materials may undergo any of several modes of degradation in this environment, including undesirable phase transformations due to a lack of phase stability; atmospheric oxidation; general aqueous corrosion; pitting; crevice corrosion; intergranular stress corrosion cracking; and transgranular stress corrosion cracking. Problems specific to welds, such as hot cracking, may also occur. A survey of the literature has been prepared as part of the process of selecting, from among the candidates, a material that is adequate for repository conditions. The modes of degradation are discussed in detail in the survey to determine which apply to the candidate alloys and the extent to which they may actually occur. The eight volumes of the survey are summarized in Sections 1 through 8 of this overview. The conclusions drawn from the survey are also given in this overview.
Download or read book Survey of the Degradation Modes of Candidate Materials for High-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Containers written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Survey of the Degradation Modes of Candidate Materials for High-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Containers. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most significant factors impacting the performance of waste package container materials under repository relevant conditions is the thermal environment. This environment will be affected by the areal power density of the repository, which is dictated by facility design, and the dominant heat transfer mechanism at the site. The near-field environment will evolve as radioactive decay decreases the thermal output of each waste package. Recent calculations (Buscheck and Nitao, 1994) have addressed the importance of thermal loading conditions on waste package performance at the Yucca Mountain site. If a relatively low repository thermal loading design is employed, the temperature and relative humidity near the waste package may significantly affect the degradation of corrosion allowance barriers due to moist air oxidation and radiolytically enhanced corrosion. The purpose this report is to present a literature review of the potential degradation modes for moderately corrosion resistant nickel copper and nickel based candidate materials that may be applicable as alternate barriers for the ACD systems in the Yucca Mountain environment. This report presents a review of the corrosion of nickel-copper alloys, summaries of experimental evaluations of oxidation and atmospheric corrosion in nickel-copper alloys, views of experimental studies of aqueous corrosion in nickel copper alloys, a brief review of galvanic corrosion effects and a summary of stress corrosion cracking in these alloys.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Survey of the Degradation Modes of Candidate Materials for High-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Containers written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidation and atmospheric corrosion data suggest that addition of Cr provides the greatest improvement in oxidation resistance. Cr-bearing cast irons are resistant to chloride environments and solutions containing strongly oxidizing constituents. Weathering steels, including high content and at least 0.04% Cu, appear to provide adequate resistance to oxidation under temperate conditions. However, data from long-term, high-temperature oxidation studies on weathering steels were not available. From the literature, it appears that the low alloy steels, plain carbon steels, cast steels, and cast irons con-ode at similar rates in an aqueous environment. Alloys containing more than 12% Cr or 36% Ni corrode at a lower rate than plain carbon steels, but pitting may be worse. Short term tests indicate that an alloy of 9Cr-1Mo may result in increased corrosion resistance, however long term data are not available. Austenitic cast irons show the best corrosion resistance. A ranking of total corrosion performance of the materials from most corrosion resistant to least corrosion resistant is: Austenitic Cast Iron; 12% Cr = 36% Ni = 9Cr-1Mo; Carbon Steel = Low Alloy Steels; and Cast Iron. Since the materials to be employed in the Advanced Conceptual Design (ACD) waste package are considered to be corrosion allowance materials, the austenitic cast irons, high Cr steels, high Ni steels and the high Cr-Mo steels should not be considered as candidates for the outer containment barrier. Based upon the oxidation and corrosion data available for carbon steels, low alloy steels, and cast irons, a suitable list of candidate materials for a corrosion allowance outer barrier for an ACD waste package could include, A516, 2.25%Cr -- 1%Mo Steel, and A27.
Author : Ajit K. Roy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Degradation Mode Survey Galvanic Corrosion of Candidate Metallic Materials for High-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Containers written by Ajit K. Roy and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of a literature review on galvanic corrosion between candidate metals and alloys currently being considered for the waste package containers.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Degradation Mode Survey Galvanic Corrosion of Candidate Metallic Materials for High-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Containers written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of a literature review on galvanic corrosion between candidate metals and alloys currently being considered for the waste package containers.
Author : Gustavo Cragnolino
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 : 0803118538
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Application of Accelerated Corrosion Tests to Service Life Prediction of Materials written by Gustavo Cragnolino and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1994 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparison of how different industries are addressing the development and selection of materials to use for such purposes as nuclear and other hazardous waste disposal and transport, structures designed to last a long time, and systems subject to economic pressures that keep them from frequent mai
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Degradation Mode Surveys of High Performance Candidate Container Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion resistant materials are being considered for the metallic barrier of the Yucca Mountain Project's high-level radioactive waste disposal containers. Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys and titanium alloys have good corrosion resistance properties and are considered good candidates for the metallic barrier. The localized corrosion phenomena, pitting and crevice corrosion, are considered as potentially limiting for the barrier lifetime. An understanding of the mechanisms of localized corrosion and of how various parameters affect it will be necessary for adequate performance assessment of candidate container materials. Examples of some of the concerns involving localized corrosion are discussed. The effects of various parameters, such as temperature and concentration of halide species, on localized corrosion are given. In addition, concerns about aging of the protective oxide layer in the expected service temperature range (50 to 250°C) are presented. Also some mechanistic considerations of localized corrosion are given. 45 refs., 1 tab.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-02 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Localized Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Candidate Materials for High-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Containers in the US written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Container materials may undergo any of several modes of degradation in this environment, including: undesirable phase transformations due to lack of phase stability; atmospheric oxidation; general aqueous corrosion; pitting; crevice corrosion; intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC); and transgranular stress corrosion cracking (TGSCC). This paper is an analysis of data from the literature relevant to the pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of these alloys. Though all three austenitic candidates have demonstrated pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride-containing environments, Alloy 825 has the greatest resistance to these forms of localized attack. Both types 304L and 316L stainless steels are susceptible to SCC in acidic chloride media. In contrast, SCC has not been documented for Alloy 825 under comparable conditions. Gamma irradiation has been found to enhance SCC of Types 304 and 304L stainless steels, but it has no detectable effect on the resistance of Alloy 825 to SCC. Furthermore, while microbiologically induced corrosion effects have been observed for 300-series stainless steels, nickel-based alloys such as Alloy 825 seem to be immune to such problems. Of the copper-based alloys, CDA 715 has the best overall resistance to localized attack. Its resistance to pitting is comparable to that of CDA 613 and superior to that of CDA 102. Observed rates of dealloying in CDA 715 are less than those observed in CDA 613 by orders of magnitude. The resistance of CDA 715 to SCC in tarnishing ammonical environments is comparable to that of CDA 102 and superior to that of CDA 613. Its resistance to SCC in nontarnishing ammonical environments is comparable to that of CDA 613 and superior to that of CDA 102. 22 refs., 8 figs., 4 tabs.
Author : J. C. Farmer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Localized Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Candidate Materials for High-level Radioactive Waste Disposal Containers in the US written by J. C. Farmer and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Container materials may undergo any of several modes of degradation in this environment, including: undesirable phase transformations due to lack of phase stability; atmospheric oxidation; general aqueous corrosion; pitting; crevice corrosion; intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC); and transgranular stress corrosion cracking (TGSCC). This paper is an analysis of data from the literature relevant to the pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of these alloys. Though all three austenitic candidates have demonstrated pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride-containing environments, Alloy 825 has the greatest resistance to these forms of localized attack. Both types 304L and 316L stainless steels are susceptible to SCC in acidic chloride media. In contrast, SCC has not been documented for Alloy 825 under comparable conditions. Gamma irradiation has been found to enhance SCC of Types 304 and 304L stainless steels, but it has no detectable effect on the resistance of Alloy 825 to SCC. Furthermore, while microbiologically induced corrosion effects have been observed for 300-series stainless steels, nickel-based alloys such as Alloy 825 seem to be immune to such problems. Of the copper-based alloys, CDA 715 has the best overall resistance to localized attack. Its resistance to pitting is comparable to that of CDA 613 and superior to that of CDA 102. Observed rates of dealloying in CDA 715 are less than those observed in CDA 613 by orders of magnitude. The resistance of CDA 715 to SCC in tarnishing ammonical environments is comparable to that of CDA 102 and superior to that of CDA 613. Its resistance to SCC in nontarnishing ammonical environments is comparable to that of CDA 613 and superior to that of CDA 102.
Author : J. C. Farmer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Review of Models Relevant to the Prediction of Performance of High-level Radioactive-waste Disposal Containers written by J. C. Farmer and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Austenitic and copper-based alloys are candidate materials for fabrication of the metal containers to be used in disposing of high-level radioactive waste at the prospective repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The selection of the alloy that is best suited for this application will be based in part on predictions from models of alloy degradation under repository conditions. To help develop predictive models, we have reviewed numerous mechanisms and models in the literature that are relevant to two worst-case scenarios: container failure by localized corrosion and container failure by stress corrosion cracking. The models considered fall into the following categories: (1) initiation of pits on passive surfaces of austenitics; (2) propagation of pits on active metal surfaces; (3) propagation of pits on surfaces covered by salt films; (4) initiation of cracks at pits; (5) propagation of cracks on active metal surfaces; (7) propagation of cracks due to film-induced cleavage of the base metal; (8) crevice corrosion on active metal surfaces; and (9) crevices that behave like active-passive concentration cells.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Site Characterization Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
