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Surprise Uncertainty And Mental Structures
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Author :Daniel and Amy Starch Research Professor of Psychology Emeritus Jerome Kagan Publisher :Harvard University Press ISBN 13 :0674007352 Total Pages :273 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (74 download)
Book Synopsis Surprise, Uncertainty, and Mental Structures by : Daniel and Amy Starch Research Professor of Psychology Emeritus Jerome Kagan
Download or read book Surprise, Uncertainty, and Mental Structures written by Daniel and Amy Starch Research Professor of Psychology Emeritus Jerome Kagan and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2002-04-15 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the distinctive manner that has made him one of the most influential forces in developmental psychology, Kagan challenges scientific commonplaces about mental processes, pointing in particular to the significant but undervalued role of surprise and uncertainty in shaping behavior, emotion, and thought.
Book Synopsis Surprise, Uncertainty, and Mental Structures by : Jerome Kagan
Download or read book Surprise, Uncertainty, and Mental Structures written by Jerome Kagan and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2002-04-15 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the distinctive manner that has made him one of the most influential forces in developmental psychology, Kagan challenges scientific commonplaces about mental processes, pointing in particular to the significant but undervalued role of surprise and uncertainty in shaping behavior, emotion, and thought.
Book Synopsis Infancy, Its Place in Human Development by : Jerome Kagan
Download or read book Infancy, Its Place in Human Development written by Jerome Kagan and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1980 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infancy presents the long-awaited report of the authors' 6-year study of infant day care that will affect future thinking on the cognitive and emotional processes in infancy and later growth. In this edition the statistical summary has been removed from the appendix to shorten the work and make it more appealing to the general reader.
Book Synopsis Three Seductive Ideas by : Jerome Kagan
Download or read book Three Seductive Ideas written by Jerome Kagan and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2000-04-07 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do the first two years of life really determine a child's future development? Are human beings, like other primates, only motivated by pleasure? And do people actually have stable traits, like intelligence, fear, anxiety, and temperament? This book, the product of a lifetime of research by one of the founders of developmental psychology, takes on the powerful assumptions behind these questions--and proves them mistaken. Ranging with impressive ease from cultural history to philosophy to psychological research literature, Jerome Kagan weaves an argument that will rock the social sciences and the foundations of public policy. Scientists, as well as lay people, tend to think of abstract processes--like intelligence or fear--as measurable entities, of which someone might have more or less. This approach, in Kagan's analysis, shows a blindness to the power of context and to the great variability within any individual subject to different emotions and circumstances. "Infant determinism" is another widespread and dearly held conviction that Kagan contests. This theory--with its claim that early relationships determine lifelong patterns--underestimates human resiliency and adaptiveness, both emotional and cognitive (and, of course, fails to account for the happy products of miserable childhoods and vice versa). The last of Kagan's targets is the vastly overrated pleasure principle, which, he argues, can hardly make sense of unselfish behavior impelled by the desire for virtue and self-respect--the wish to do the right thing. Written in a lively style that uses fables and fairy tales, history and science to make philosophical points, this book challenges some of our most cherished notions about human nature.
Book Synopsis The Long Shadow of Temperament by : Jerome Kagan
Download or read book The Long Shadow of Temperament written by Jerome Kagan and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-15 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have seen these children—the shy and the sociable, the cautious and the daring—and wondered what makes one avoid new experience and another avidly pursue it. At the crux of the issue surrounding the contribution of nature to development is the study that Jerome Kagan and his colleagues have been conducting for more than two decades. In The Long Shadow of Temperament, Kagan and Nancy Snidman summarize the results of this unique inquiry into human temperaments, one of the best-known longitudinal studies in developmental psychology. These results reveal how deeply certain fundamental temperamental biases can be preserved over development. Identifying two extreme temperamental types—inhibited and uninhibited in childhood, and high-reactive and low-reactive in very young babies—Kagan and his colleagues returned to these children as adolescents. Surprisingly, one of the temperaments revealed in infancy predicted a cautious, fearful personality in early childhood and a dour mood in adolescence. The other bias predicted a bold childhood personality and an exuberant, sanguine mood in adolescence. These personalities were matched by different biological properties. In a masterly summary of their wide-ranging exploration, Kagan and Snidman conclude that these two temperaments are the result of inherited biologies probably rooted in the differential excitability of particular brain structures. Though the authors appreciate that temperamental tendencies can be modified by experience, this compelling work—an empirical and conceptual tour-de-force—shows how long the shadow of temperament is cast over psychological development.
Download or read book Surprise written by Christopher R. Miller and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christopher R. Miller studies the shift in the cultural meaning of "surprise" in 18th-century England from connoting violent attack to encompassing pleasurable experience, and from external event to internal feeling.
Book Synopsis Expressing and Describing Surprise by : Agnès Celle
Download or read book Expressing and Describing Surprise written by Agnès Celle and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2017-07-18 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among emotions, surprise has been extensively studied in psychology. In linguistics, surprise, like other emotions, has mainly been studied through the syntactic patterns involving surprise lexemes. However, little has been done so far to correlate the reaction of surprise investigated in psychological approaches and the effects of surprise on language. This cross-disciplinary volume aims to bridge the gap between emotion, cognition and language by bringing together nine contributions on surprise from different backgrounds – psychology, human-agent interaction, linguistics. Using different methods at different levels of analysis, all contributors concur in defining surprise as a cognitive operation and as a component of emotion rather than as a pure emotion. Surprise results from expectations not being met and is therefore related to epistemicity. Linguistically, there does not exist an unequivocal marker of surprise. Surprise may be either described by surprise lexemes, which are often associated with figurative language, or it may be expressed by grammatical and syntactic constructions. Originally published as a special issue of Review of Cognitive Linguistics 13:2 (2015)
Download or read book Believing written by Michael McGuire and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2013-09-10 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new book about brain chemistry, neural systems, and the formation of beliefs from the scientist who brought to light serotonin's many crucial roles in human behavior. Beliefs: What are they? How have evolution and culture led to a brain that is seemingly committed to near endless belief creation? And once established, why are most beliefs so difficult to change? Believing offers answers to these questions from the perspective of a leading neuroscientist and expert in brain-behavior research. Combining personal anecdotes and the latest research, Dr. McGuire takes the novel approach of focusing on the central and critical role of brain systems and the ways in which they interact with the environment to create and maintain beliefs. This approach yields some surprising and counterintuitive conclusions: • The brain is designed for belief creation and acceptance. • It is biased in favor of its own beliefs and is highly insensitive to disconfirming evidence. • It prefers beliefs that are pleasurable and rewarding to those that are unfavorable. • Beliefs are "afterthoughts" of unperceived brain activities; they don't cause behavior. • Our consciousness has minimal influence on the neural systems that create beliefs. Based on these observations, McGuire concludes that for the foreseeable future people will continue to hold a multitude of beliefs, many of them intransigent.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Integrative Developmental Science by : Michael F. Mascolo
Download or read book Handbook of Integrative Developmental Science written by Michael F. Mascolo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-03-20 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although integrative conceptions of development have been gaining increasing interest, there have been few attempts to bring together the various threads of this emerging trend. The Handbook of Integrative Developmental Science seeks ways to bring together classic and contemporary theory and research in developmental psychology with an eye toward building increasingly integrated theoretical and empirical frameworks. It does so in the form of a festschrift for Kurt Fischer, whose life and work have both inspired and exemplified integrative approaches to development. Building upon and inspired by the comprehensive scope of Fischer’s Dynamic Skill Theory, this book examines what an integrated theory of psychological development might look like. Bringing together the work of prominent integrative thinkers, the volume begins with an examination of philosophical presuppositions of integrative approaches to development. It then shows how Dynamic Skill Theory provides an example of an integrative model of development. After examining the question of the nature of integrative developmental methodology, the volume examines the nature of developmental change processes as well as pathways and processes in the development of psychological structures both within and between psychological domains. The team of expert contributors cover a range of psychological domains, including the macro- and micro-development of thought, feeling, motivation, self, intersubjectivity, social relations, personality, and other integrative processes. It ends with a set of prescriptions for the further elaboration of integrative developmental theory, and a tribute to Kurt Fischer and his influence on developmental psychology. This book will be essential reading for graduate students and researchers of developmental psychology and human development, specifically developmental science.
Book Synopsis Treating and Preventing Adolescent Mental Health Disorders by : Dwight L. Evans
Download or read book Treating and Preventing Adolescent Mental Health Disorders written by Dwight L. Evans and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 921 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the latest information about the treatment and prevention of major mental disorders that emerge during adolescence. It should be a primary resource for both clinicians and researchers, with special attention to gaps in our knowledge.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Biology by : Gennaro Auletta
Download or read book Cognitive Biology written by Gennaro Auletta and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-07-14 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a new conceptual scaffold for further research in biology and cognition, this book introduces the new field of Cognitive Biology: a systems biology approach showing that further progress in this field will depend on a deep recognition of developmental processes, as well as on the consideration of the developed organism as an agent able to modify and control its surrounding environment. The role of cognition, the means through which the organism is able to cope with its environment, cannot be underestimated. In particular, it is shown that this activity is grounded on a theory of information based on Bayesian probabilities. The organism is considered as a cybernetic system able to integrate a processor as a source of variety (the genetic system), a regulator of its own homeostasis (the metabolic system), and a selecting system separating the self from the non-self (the membrane in unicellular organisms). Any organism is a complex system that can survive only if it is able to maintain its internal order against the spontaneous tendency towards disruption. Therefore, it is forced to monitor and control its environment and so to establish feedback circuits resulting in co-adaptation. Cognitive and biological processes are shown to be inseparable.
Book Synopsis Motivation, Emotion, and Cognition by : David Yun Dai
Download or read book Motivation, Emotion, and Cognition written by David Yun Dai and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-07-13 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central argument of this book is that cognition is not the whole story in understanding intellectual functioning and development. To account for inter-individual, intra-individual, and developmental variability in actual intellectual performance, it is necessary to treat cognition, emotion, and motivation as inextricably related. Motivation, Emotion, and Cognition: Integrative Perspectives on Intellectual Functioning and Development: *represents a new direction in theory and research on intellectual functioning and development; *portrays human intelligence as fundamentally constrained by biology and adaptive needs but modulated by social and cultural forces; and *encompasses and integrates a broad range of scientific findings and advances, from cognitive and affective neurosciences to cultural psychology, addressing fundamental issues of individual differences, developmental variability, and cross-cultural differences with respect to intellectual functioning and development. By presenting current knowledge regarding integrated understanding of intellectual functioning and development, this volume promotes exchanges among researchers concerned with provoking new ideas for research and provides educators and other practitioners with a framework that will enrich understanding and guide practice.
Book Synopsis Talent Development from the Perspective of Developmental Science by : David Yun Dai
Download or read book Talent Development from the Perspective of Developmental Science written by David Yun Dai and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-14 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a guide book for the field of studies on talent development and human excellence. It reviews the existing literature on the topic and helps map out a taxonomy of research with detailed description of purposes and methods of specific kinds of research on the topic and how each of them contributes to the larger scheme of understanding, identifying, and promoting talent development and human excellence for the vitality of society as well as the fulfillment of individuals. It fits with the new trend of developmental science that promotes use-inspired research and seeks a deep understanding of developmental diversity and aims to promote positive development, including human excellence. It is intended to guide researchers and graduate students in this emerging field of studies from a broad developmental science perspective.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Development and Working Memory by : Pierre Barrouillet
Download or read book Cognitive Development and Working Memory written by Pierre Barrouillet and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2010-12-21 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a unique attempt to address issues of working memory by establishing a dialogue between neo-Piagetian theorists and researchers specialized in typical and atypical working memory development.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Research Methods in Personality Psychology by : Richard W. Robins
Download or read book Handbook of Research Methods in Personality Psychology written by Richard W. Robins and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2009-12-09 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together leading investigators, this comprehensive handbook is a one-stop reference for anyone planning or conducting research on personality. It provides up-to-date analyses of the rich array of methodological tools available today, giving particular attention to real-world theoretical and logistical challenges and how to overcome them. In chapters filled with detailed, practical examples, readers are shown step by step how to formulate a suitable research design, select and use high-quality measures, and manage the complexities of data analysis and interpretation. Coverage ranges from classic methods like self-report inventories and observational procedures to such recent innovations as neuroimaging and genetic analyses.
Book Synopsis Experimental Systems by : Michael Schwab
Download or read book Experimental Systems written by Michael Schwab and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the sciences, the experimental approach has proved its worth in generating what subsequently requires understanding. Can the emergent field of artistic research be inspired by recent thinking about the history and workings of science?
Book Synopsis The Routledge Companion to Research in the Arts by : Michael Biggs
Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Research in the Arts written by Michael Biggs and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-10-04 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Companion to Research in the Arts is a major collection of new writings on research in the creative and performing arts by leading authorities from around the world. It provides theoretical and practical approaches to identifying, structuring and resolving some of the key issues in the debate about the nature of research in the arts which have surfaced during the establishment of this subject over the last decade. Contributions are located in the contemporary intellectual environment of research in the arts, and more widely in the universities, in the strategic and political environment of national research funding, and in the international environment of trans-national cooperation and communication. The book is divided into three principal sections – Foundations, Voices and Contexts – each with an introduction from the editors highlighting the main issues, agreements and debates in each section. The Routledge Companion to Research in the Arts addresses a wide variety of concepts and issues, including: the diversity of views on what constitutes arts-based research and scholarship, what it should be, and its potential contribution the trans-national communication difficulties arising from terminological and ontological differences in arts-based research traditional and non-traditional concepts of knowledge, their relationship to professional practice, and their outcomes and audiences a consideration of the role of written, spoken and artefact-based languages in the formation and communication of understandings. This comprehensive collection makes an original and significant contribution to the field of arts-based research by setting down a framework for addressing these, and other, topical issues. It will be essential reading for research managers and policy-makers in research councils and universities, as well as individual researchers, research supervisors and doctoral candidates.
