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Surface Level Ozone Exposures And Their Effects On Vegetation
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Book Synopsis Surface-Level Ozone Exposures and Their Effects on Vegetation by : Allen S. Lefohn
Download or read book Surface-Level Ozone Exposures and Their Effects on Vegetation written by Allen S. Lefohn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-12-18 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropospheric ozone is a regionally distributed air pollutant that adversely affects both humans and vegetation. Surface-Level Ozone Exposures and Their Effects on Vegetation focuses on the formation, distribution, and transport of surface-level ozone; the characterization of its exposures; the mechanisms and processes involved in its deposition and uptake by plants; and its effects on the growth of crops and forest trees. State-of-the-art information is presented and the methodology for studying its effects on vegetation is critically reviewed. This background material leads to a discussion of the approaches for developing an air quality standard that will provide protection from the adverse effects of ozone, as well as suggestions for future research directions. Researchers and professionals in the utility industry, oil industry, and government environmental agencies; university instructors; and students will find that this book is filled with information that can be used on a daily basis in their work and studies.
Book Synopsis Tropospheric Ozone and its Impacts on Crop Plants by : Supriya Tiwari
Download or read book Tropospheric Ozone and its Impacts on Crop Plants written by Supriya Tiwari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research and its outcomes presented here focuses on tropospheric or ground level ozone, in particular due to its surfacing as a major threat to crop productivity around the world. This book presents the ozone concentration data for a variety of geographical regions, examines the factors responsible for its increasing concentrations and its potential effects on physiological and biochemical responses culminating in crop productivity losses which, in turn may pose a serious threat to global food security. Beside this, certain ameliorative measures that could be adopted to assess ozone injury in plants are also discussed. Global climate change scenarios predict a significant increase in future tropospheric ozone concentration. Particular attention is therefore given to evaluate the effect of global climate change on ozone concentrations. Readers will also discover how yield losses due to ozone are related to changes in the socio-economic conditions of the society, especially in South Asian regions. Students and researchers studying crop and soil science, environmental scientists, risk assessment professionals and policy makers will find this book of interest.
Book Synopsis Tropospheric Ozone by : S.B. Agrawal
Download or read book Tropospheric Ozone written by S.B. Agrawal and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2021-09-20 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents updated and relevant information on the tropospheric ozone problem and its effects on the plants and human health. The contributions here present in-depth knowledge about history, pattern, sources, environmental factors and other necessary aspects of the tropospheric ozone problem. The book provides a balanced view of current developments on the effects of the tropospheric ozone on plant and human health, crop production and ecosystem services. In addition to the effects of the tropospheric ozone on growth and physiological and biochemical traits, it also considers the molecular basis of plant responses to ozone. The book encompasses a holistic view on various interconnected issues of ozone pollution, and will appeal to scientists from all over the world.
Book Synopsis Effect of Surface Ozone Exposures on Vegetation Grown in the Southern Appalachian Mountains by : Allen S. Lefohn
Download or read book Effect of Surface Ozone Exposures on Vegetation Grown in the Southern Appalachian Mountains written by Allen S. Lefohn and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by : Lauri Laakso
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by Lauri Laakso and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tropospheric ozone concentrations over southern Africa are relatively high due to large precursor emissions from biomass burning, vegetation and anthropogenic sources and the intensity of solar radiation. In this study, we summarize ozone concentration data from both literature and new measurements. Further, we present data on the accumulated vegetation exposure to ozone in terms of the AOT40 index, which is calculated for the sites with hourly ozone and radiation data, with an aim to assess the potential for adverse effects on vegetation. As the seasonal variation of ozone concentrations is large, we discuss the effect of growing season onset on the stomatal gas exchange and the related potential for vegetation impacts. Finally, future research needs are discussed.
Book Synopsis Ozone Air Pollution in the Sierra Nevada - Distribution and Effects on Forests by : A. Bytnerowicz
Download or read book Ozone Air Pollution in the Sierra Nevada - Distribution and Effects on Forests written by A. Bytnerowicz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-05-22 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book contains information on geology, climate and vegetation of the Sierra Nevada with a special emphasis on air pollution effects on the mixed conifer forests. A history of the extent of air pollution effects on mixed conifer forests, especially ponderosa and Jeffrey pines is provided. The physiological basis for ozone-type injury development in ponderosa pine, a discussion of ozone uptake by plants at different levels of biological organization and the effects of air pollution and other stresses on mountain forests are discussed. A considerable portion of the book is dedicated to development of statistical models and maps of ambient ozone distribution in the Sierra Nevada based on the 1999 monitoring data with passive samplers. The implications of the methodological results, formulation and application of regional air quality models for integrated assessment of urban and wildland pollution and the need for functionally integrated models of ozone deposition to the Sierra Nevada forests are also discussed. Management and monitoring needs for improved long-term understanding air pollution effects on forest ecosystems, discussion of options for proper management of the air pollution affected forests, and comparison of monitoring and modelling of ozone and forest health status in the Sierra Nevada with similar efforts in mountains of North American and European mountain ranges are the focus of the later chapters of the book.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution and Plant Life by : J. N. B. Bell
Download or read book Air Pollution and Plant Life written by J. N. B. Bell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-05-22 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Air Pollution and Plant Life" - Ein idealer Studienbegleiter zu Lehrveranstaltungen in den Bereichen Umwelt- und Pflanzenwissenschaft. Jetzt neu in der 2. Auflage. Dieser Band bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die direkten und indirekten Auswirkungen der Luftverschmutzung auf die Pflanzenwelt und ihre Folgen für die allgemeine pflanzliche Produktivität. Untersucht werden verschiedene Schadstoffe, wie z.B. Oxidantien, Stickstoffoxide, Schwefeloxide, Fluoride und Feststoffteilchen, Schadstoffquellen sowie die Aufnahme und Speicherung einzelner Schadstoffe durch die Pflanzen. Darüber hinaus werden die aktuellen Richtlinien zur Luftqualität und deren Rolle in der Umweltpolitik umfassend erläutert. "Air Pollution and Plant Life" ist aber nicht nur ein wichtiges Lehrbuch für Studienanfänger und fortgeschrittene Studenten, sondern auch ein ideales Nachschlagewerk für Forscher in diesem Bereich.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources by : Mohamed Khallaf
Download or read book The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources written by Mohamed Khallaf and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to strengthen the knowledge base dealing with Air Pollution. The book consists of 21 chapters dealing with Air Pollution and its effects in the fields of Health, Environment, Economy and Agricultural Sources. It is divided into four sections. The first one deals with effect of air pollution on health and human body organs. The second section includes the Impact of air pollution on plants and agricultural sources and methods of resistance. The third section includes environmental changes, geographic and climatic conditions due to air pollution. The fourth section includes case studies concerning of the impact of air pollution in the economy and development goals, such as, indoor air pollution in México, indoor air pollution and millennium development goals in Bangladesh, epidemiologic and economic impact of natural gas on indoor air pollution in Colombia and economic growth and air pollution in Iran during development programs. In this book the authors explain the definition of air pollution, the most important pollutants and their different sources and effects on humans and various fields of life. The authors offer different solutions to the problems resulting from air pollution.
Book Synopsis Effects of Ground Level Ozone Pollution on Forest Investment in the Southeastern United States by : John R. Potter
Download or read book Effects of Ground Level Ozone Pollution on Forest Investment in the Southeastern United States written by John R. Potter and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Health Risks of Ozone from Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution by : Markus Amann
Download or read book Health Risks of Ozone from Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution written by Markus Amann and published by WHO Regional Office Europe. This book was released on 2008 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ozone is a highly oxidative compound formed in the lower atmosphere (from gases originating to a large extent from anthropogenic sources) by photochemistry driven by solar radiation. Owing to its highly reactive chemical properties, ozone is harmful to vegetation, materials and human health. In the troposphere, ozone is also an efficient greenhouse gas. This report summarizes the results of a multidisciplinary analysis to assess the effects of ozone on health. The analysis indicates that ozone pollution affects the health of most of the populations of the WHO European Region, leading to a wide range of health problems. The effects include some 21,000 premature deaths each year in 25 countries in the European Union on and after days with high ozone levels. Current policies are not sufficient to reduce ozone levels in the Region or their impact in the next decade.
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by : Takayoshi Koike
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by Takayoshi Koike and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution, especially ozone, in East and Southeast Asia is considered to be more serious than in Europe and North America. An increase in ozone concentration may lead to adverse effects on forest trees in East and Southeast Asia where we have high species richness. Although some information on the effects of ozone on plantation tree species in East Asia is available, the situation of most countries in Southeast Asia is not clarified. In Japan, advanced methodologies such as the stomatal flux-based approach, use of a free-air ozone fumigation system and stand level studies have started recently. To maintain ecosystem services of forests such as carbon sink and conservation of biodiversity, there is a need to develop our understanding of the effect of ozone on vegetation in East and Southeast Asia. To this end, international cooperative research is important.
Book Synopsis Ozone Pollution and Plant Health: Understanding the Impacts and Solutions for Sustainable Agriculture by :
Download or read book Ozone Pollution and Plant Health: Understanding the Impacts and Solutions for Sustainable Agriculture written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-06-05 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Botanical Research Volume 108: Ozone Pollution and Plant Health: Understanding the Impacts and Solutions for Sustainable Agriculture provides a comprehensive overview of the harmful effects of tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution on crop productivity, with a focus on how it is measured and modeled under climate change scenarios. The book discusses the sources of O3 pollution, including anthropogenic precursor gases, and how O3 exposure can impair photosynthesis, reduce gas exchange, induce early leaf senescence, and hamper growth in natural vegetation and crops. The book highlights how O3 interacts with plant physiology and metabolism, including through the activation of signal transduction pathways, changes in phytohormone signaling, and modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and signaling. The book also explores the experimental and modeling methods used to assess the effects of O3 on crops, with a focus on studies conducted in Asia. The book emphasizes the importance of understanding the implications of ozone pollution for ensuring food security and protecting human and environmental health and suggests strategies such as using ozone-resistant cultivars of plants and crops. Additionally, the book discusses the broader context of air pollution and its impact on crop productivity, including the effects of other air pollutants on plants and crops and the need for mitigation strategies and policies to address agricultural losses. This book is essential reading for early-career researchers, sustainable agriculture practitioners, and policymakers interested in understanding the complex interactions between ozone pollution and plant productivity and finding solutions to mitigate the detrimental effects of ozone pollution on crops in a changing climate. Discusses the impact of O3 pollution on plant productivity and the methods for measuring and modeling this under climate change scenarios Reviews recent findings about the target sites for O3 in plants, O3-induced stomatal regulation by phytohormone signaling, and plants' responses related to phytohormone biosynthesis, ROS generation, and signaling in exposure to O3 Provides an overview of ozone air quality, ozone effects on plant and crop, and experimental and modeling methods used to assess the effects. It focuses on the results of the experimental and modeling studies of the ozone effects on agricultural crops in Asia Covers the effects of common air pollutants on crops and their pathways of exposure to plants. It also discusses the disturbance in the biochemistry of plants and their metabolisms due to air pollution, and some laws implemented for air pollution control in Pakistan
Book Synopsis Plant Physiological Ecology by : Hans Lambers
Download or read book Plant Physiological Ecology written by Hans Lambers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-08 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Box 9E. 1 Continued FIGURE 2. The C–S–R triangle model (Grime 1979). The strategies at the three corners are C, competiti- winning species; S, stress-tolerating s- cies; R,ruderalspecies. Particular species can engage in any mixture of these three primary strategies, and the m- ture is described by their position within the triangle. comment briefly on some other dimensions that Grime’s (1977) triangle (Fig. 2) (see also Sects. 6. 1 are not yet so well understood. and 6. 3 of Chapter 7 on growth and allocation) is a two-dimensional scheme. A C—S axis (Com- tition-winning species to Stress-tolerating spe- Leaf Economics Spectrum cies) reflects adaptation to favorable vs. unfavorable sites for plant growth, and an R- Five traits that are coordinated across species are axis (Ruderal species) reflects adaptation to leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf life-span, leaf N disturbance. concentration, and potential photosynthesis and dark respiration on a mass basis. In the five-trait Trait-Dimensions space,79%ofallvariation worldwideliesalonga single main axis (Fig. 33 of Chapter 2A on photo- A recent trend in plant strategy thinking has synthesis; Wright et al. 2004). Species with low been trait-dimensions, that is, spectra of varia- LMA tend to have short leaf life-spans, high leaf tion with respect to measurable traits. Compared nutrient concentrations, and high potential rates of mass-based photosynthesis. These species with category schemes, such as Raunkiaer’s, trait occur at the ‘‘quick-return’’ end of the leaf e- dimensions have the merit of capturing cont- nomics spectrum.
Book Synopsis Waste Incineration and Public Health by : National Research Council
Download or read book Waste Incineration and Public Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-10-21 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incineration has been used widely for waste disposal, including household, hazardous, and medical wasteâ€"but there is increasing public concern over the benefits of combusting the waste versus the health risk from pollutants emitted during combustion. Waste Incineration and Public Health informs the emerging debate with the most up-to-date information available on incineration, pollution, and human healthâ€"along with expert conclusions and recommendations for further research and improvement of such areas as risk communication. The committee provides details on: Processes involved in incineration and how contaminants are released. Environmental dynamics of contaminants and routes of human exposure. Tools and approaches for assessing possible human health effects. Scientific concerns pertinent to future regulatory actions. The book also examines some of the social, psychological, and economic factors that affect the communities where incineration takes place and addresses the problem of uncertainty and variation in predicting the health effects of incineration processes.
Download or read book Tropospheric Ozone written by David McKee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-10-25 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropospheric ozone has long been recognized as a major environmental concern. Levels of ozone concentration have grown dramatically and the effects of ozone exposure have been examined in virtually thousands of studies worldwide. This timely new reference presents the state of the art in ozone regulation, human health effects, agricultural implications, and the economics of ozone reduction. Tropospheric Ozone guides you through the history of air pollution legislation and cites government initiatives to reduce ozone emissions. Ozone concentration data is supplied for a variety of geographic regions in examining the causes of ozone concentration and its potential effects on human populations, crops, and forests. Important issues such as crop yield, plant growth, and crop losses due to exposure are addressed, which will help develop an understanding of the economic implications of agricultural damage. New information is presented regarding risk assessment and human monitoring studies. EPA guidelines are reviewed, and potential health problems associated with ozone exposure are discussed in a practical, informative format. This valuable reference will benefit air pollution engineers, environmental consultants, government agency employees, regulators, industry professionals, health professionals, crop and soil scientists, environmental health and safety professionals, risk assessment professionals, and students in the environmental sciences.
Book Synopsis Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution by : National Research Council
Download or read book Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite more than 20 years of regulatory efforts, concern is widespread that ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, threatens the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. This book discusses how scientific information can be used to develop more effective regulations to control ozone. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution discusses: The latest data and analysis on how tropospheric ozone is formed. How well our measurement techniques are functioning. Deficiencies in efforts to date to control the problem. Approaches to reducing ozone precursor emissions that hold the most promise. What additional research is needed. With a wealth of technical information, the book discusses atmospheric chemistry, the role of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation, monitoring and modeling the formation and transport processes, and the potential contribution of alternative fuels to solving the tropospheric ozone problem. The committee discusses criteria for designing more effective ozone control efforts. Because of its direct bearing on decisions to be made under the Clean Air Act, this book should be of great interest to environmental advocates, industry, and the regulatory community as well as scientists, faculty, and students.
Book Synopsis Projected Global Tropospheric Ozone Impacts On Vegetation Under Different Emission And Climate Scenarios by : De Marco
Download or read book Projected Global Tropospheric Ozone Impacts On Vegetation Under Different Emission And Climate Scenarios written by De Marco and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of ground-level ozone (O3) on vegetation is largely under-investigated at global scale despite worldwide large areas are exposed to high surface O3 levels and concentrations are expected to increase in the next future. To explore future potential impacts of O3 on vegetation, we compared historical and projected O3 concentrations simulated by six global atmospheric chemistry transport models on the basis of three representative concentration pathways emission scenarios (i.e. RCP 2.6, 4.5, 8.5). To assess changes in the potential O3 threat to vegetation, we used the AOT40 metric. Results point out a significant overrun of AOT40 in comparison with the recommendations of UNECE for the protection of vegetation. In fact, many areas of the northern hemisphere show that AOT40-based critical levels will be exceeded by a factor of at least 10 under RCP8.5. Changes in surface O3 by 2100 range from about + 4-5 ppb worldwide in RCP8.5 scenario to reductions of about 2-10 ppb in the RCP2.6 scenario. The risk of O3 injury for vegetation decreased by 61% and 47% under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5, respectively and increased by 70% under RCP8.5. Key biodiversity areas in South and North Asia, central Africa and Northern America were identified as being at risk from high O3 concentrations. To better evaluate the regional exposure of ecosystems to O3 pollution, we recommend the use of improved chemistry-climate modelling system, fully coupled with dynamic vegetation models. We thank the project MOTTLES u201cMonitoring ozone injury for setting new critical levelsu201d (LIFE15 ENV/IT/000183) for financial support.
