Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Surface And Electrochemical Characterization Of Doped Tin Oxide Indium Oxide And Modified Oxide Electrodes
Download Surface And Electrochemical Characterization Of Doped Tin Oxide Indium Oxide And Modified Oxide Electrodes full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Surface And Electrochemical Characterization Of Doped Tin Oxide Indium Oxide And Modified Oxide Electrodes ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Surface and Electrochemical Characterization of Doped Tin Oxide, Indium Oxide and Modified Oxide Electrodes by : Albert Wen-Chang Lin
Download or read book Surface and Electrochemical Characterization of Doped Tin Oxide, Indium Oxide and Modified Oxide Electrodes written by Albert Wen-Chang Lin and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis CHARACTERIZATION OF CHARGE INJECTION PROCESSES OF THIN FILMS ON INDIUM TIN OXIDE ELECTRODES USING A NOVEL SPECTROELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUE: POTENTIAL-MODULATED ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY. by : Zeynep Araci
Download or read book CHARACTERIZATION OF CHARGE INJECTION PROCESSES OF THIN FILMS ON INDIUM TIN OXIDE ELECTRODES USING A NOVEL SPECTROELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUE: POTENTIAL-MODULATED ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY. written by Zeynep Araci and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding interfacial charge injection processes is one of the key factors needed for development of efficient organic electronic devices, such as biosensors and energy conversion systems, since these processes control the electrical characteristics of these devices. Spectroelectrochemical characterization of electron transfer processes occurring at the electrode - electroactive thin film interface has been evaluated to improve our understanding of charge transfer kinetics using a novel form of electroreflectance spectroscopy, potential-modulated attenuated total reflectance (PM-ATR), which makes it possible to sensitively monitor spectroscopic changes in thin films as a function of applied potential. PM-ATR was used to evaluate three different redox-active films deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes to investigate: i) the orientation dependence of charge transfer rates of thin films of biomolecules, ii) surface treatment and modification effects on charge transfer kinetics of conducting polymers and, iii) estimation of rates of electron injection and conduction band edge of semiconductor nanocrystalline materials. First, Prussian blue film as a model system was used successfully to examine the PM-ATR technique for determination of the charge transfer rate constant between ITO and a molecular film. Second, an anisotropic and redox active protein film, cytochrome c, was used to probe charge transfer rates with respect to molecular orientation. The electron transfer rate measured using TM polarized light was four-fold greater than that measured using TE polarized light. These data are the first to correlate a distribution of molecular orientations with a distribution of electron transfer rates in a redox-active molecular film. Third, the effects of ITO surface treatment and modification on charge transfer kinetics on a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), were studied. The apparent interfacial charge transfer rate constant for PEDOT/PSS on ITO has been reported for the first time which cannot be measured otherwise with conventional electrochemistry due to high non-Faradaic background of PEDOT/PSS films. Fourth, PM-ATR enabled characterization of reversible redox processes between submonolayer coverages of surface-tethered, CdSe nanocrystals and ITO for the first time. Optically determined onset potentials for electron injection were used for estimation for the conduction band and valance band energies (ECB and EVB, respectively).
Book Synopsis Modification of Indium-Tin Oxide Surfaces: Enhancement of Solution Electron Transfer Rates and Efficiencies of Organic Thin-Layer Devices by : Chet Carter
Download or read book Modification of Indium-Tin Oxide Surfaces: Enhancement of Solution Electron Transfer Rates and Efficiencies of Organic Thin-Layer Devices written by Chet Carter and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation has focused on the study of the ITO/organic heterojunction and the chemistries therein, it proposes appropriate strategies that enhance the interfacial physical and electronic properties for charge injection with application to organic thin-layer devices. We focused on four major aspects of this work: i) To characterize the ITO surface and chemistries that may be pertinent to interaction with adjacent organic layers in a device configuration. This developed a working model of surface and provided a foundation for modification strategies. Characterization of the electronic properties of the surface indicate less than 5% of the geometrical surface is responsible for the bulk of current flow while the rest is electrically inactive. ii) To determine the extent to which these chemistries are variable and propose circumstances where compositional changes can occur. It is shown that the surface chemistry of ITO is heterogeneous and possible very dynamic with respect to the surrounding environment. iii) To propose a strategy for modification of the interface. Modification of ITO surfaces by small molecules containing carboxylic acid functionalities is investigated. Enhancements in the electron transfer rate coefficient were realized after modification of the ITO electrode. The enhancements are found to stem from a light etching mechanism. Additionally, an elecro-catalytic effect was observed with some of the modifiers. iv) Apply these modifications to organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs). Enhancements seen in solution electrochemical experiments are indicative of the enhancements seen for solid state devices. Modifications resulted in substantially lower leakage currents (3 orders of magnitude in some cases) as well as nearly doubling the efficiency. An additional chapter describesthe creation and characterization of electrochemically grown polymer nano-structures based on blazed angle diffraction gratings. The discussion details the micro-contact printing process and the electro-catalytic growth of the conductive polymers PANI and PEDOT to form diffraction grating structures in their own right. The resulting diffraction efficiency of these structures is shown to be sensitive to environmental conditions outlining possible uses as chemical sensors. This is demonstrated by utilizing these structures as working pH and potentiometric sensors based on the changing diffraction efficiency.
Book Synopsis Surface Modification of Indium Tin Oxide by : Dongho Kim
Download or read book Surface Modification of Indium Tin Oxide written by Dongho Kim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indium tin oxide serve a critical function in many organic devices, such as organic light emitting diodes and organic photovoltaics. To optimize the performances of these devices, it is desirable to tune the interface between the indium tin oxide and the next functional layer of these devices. A common surface modification of transparent conductive oxides is through the use of self-assembled monolayers. This methodology enables a simultaneously tuning of the properties and performance of this interface, including the surface energy, work function and durability of the transparent conductive oxide. Phosphonic acid and silane based monolayers have been extensively studied and used in devices for their ability to tune the interfacial properties of transparent conductive oxide. Herein, alcohol based monolayers are first demonstrated on transparent conductive oxide surfaces. The electrochemical and chemical stabilities of alcohol based monolayers, as well as changes in the optical properties of the Indium tin oxide as a function of their stability were evaluated in comparison to more traditional routes of surface modification, such as through the use of silanes and phosphonic acid based monolayers. The tunability of both work function and surface energy of the modified Indium tin oxide were also determined for assessing their electronic properties.
Book Synopsis Algal Toxins: Nature, Occurrence, Effect and Detection by : Valtere Evangelista
Download or read book Algal Toxins: Nature, Occurrence, Effect and Detection written by Valtere Evangelista and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-27 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the lectures and seminars given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Sensor Systems for Biological Threads: The Algal Toxins Case”, held in Pisa, Italy in October, 2007. The Institute was sponsored and funded by the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO. It is my pleasant duty to thank this institution. This ASI offered updated information on how far the research on algal toxins has gone in the exploration of structures, biosynthesis and regulation of toxins, and the development of technology for bio-monitoring these c- pounds. Algae can form heavy growths in ponds, lakes, reservoirs and sl- moving rivers throughout the world; algae can house toxins which are - ually released into water when the cells rupture or die. Hundreds of toxins have been identified so far. Detection methods, including rapid screening, have been developed to help us learning more about them, especially to find out which toxins are a real threat for people and what conditions encourage their production and accumulation. Early detection of algal toxins is an - portant aspect for public safety and natural environment, and significant efforts are underway to develop effective and reliable tools that can be used for this purpose.
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Progress in Electrochemistry Research by : Magdalena Nuñez
Download or read book Progress in Electrochemistry Research written by Magdalena Nuñez and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of electricity and the production of electricity by chemical reactions. In a world short of energy sources yet long on energy use, electrochemistry is a critical component of the mix necessary to keep the world economies growing. Electrochemistry is involved with such important applications as batteries, fuel cells, corrosion studies, hydrogen energy conversion, bioelectricity. Research on electrolytes, cells, and electrodes is within the scope of this old but extremely dynamic field. This new book gathers leading research from throughout the world.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymer And Molecular Interfaces by : William R. Salaneck
Download or read book Conjugated Polymer And Molecular Interfaces written by William R. Salaneck and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-18 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Defines the state-of-the-art in interface science for electronic applications of organic materials. Updates understanding of the foundaiton of interfacial properties. Describes novel electronic devices created from conjugated polymers and organic molecular solids.
Download or read book Directory of Graduate Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 1850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Faculties, publications and doctoral theses in departments or divisions of chemistry, chemical engineering, biochemistry and pharmaceutical and/or medicinal chemistry at universities in the United States and Canada.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Characterization by : Sotirios Baskoutas
Download or read book Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Characterization written by Sotirios Baskoutas and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-12-04 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Characterization" that was published in Materials
Book Synopsis Nanoscale Characterization of the Electrical Properties of Oxide Electrodes at the Organic Semiconductor-Oxide Electrode Interface in Organic Solar Cells by : Gordon Alex MacDonald
Download or read book Nanoscale Characterization of the Electrical Properties of Oxide Electrodes at the Organic Semiconductor-Oxide Electrode Interface in Organic Solar Cells written by Gordon Alex MacDonald and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on characterizing the nanoscale and surface averaged electrical properties of transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrodes such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and transparent metal-oxide (MO) electron selective interlayers (ESLs), such as zinc oxide (ZnO), the ability of these materials to rapidly extract photogenerated charges from organic semiconductors (OSCs) used in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, and evaluating their impact on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OPV devices. In Chapter 1, we will introduce the fundamental principles regarding the need for low cost power generation, the benefits of OPV technologies, as well as the key principles that govern the operation of OPV devices and the key innovations that have advanced this technology. In Chapter 2 of this dissertation, we demonstrate an innovative application of conductive probe atomic force microscopy (CAFM) to map the nanoscale electrical heterogeneity at the interface between an electrode, such as ITO, and an OSC such as the p-type OSC copper phthalocyanine (CuPc).(MacDonald et al. (2012) ACS Nano, 6, p. 9623) In this work we collected arrays of J-V curves, using a CAFM probe as the top contact of CuPc/ITO systems, to map the local J-V responses. By comparing J-V responses to known models for charge transport, we were able to determine if the local rate-limiting step for charge transport is through the OSC (ohmic) or the CuPc/ITO interface (nonohmic). These results strongly correlate with device PCE, as demonstrated through the controlled addition of insulating alkylphosphonic acid self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) at the ITO/CuPc interface. Subsequent chapters focus on the electrical property characterization of RF-magnetron sputtered ZnO (sp-ZnO) ESL films on ITO substrates. We have shown that the energetic alignment of ESLs and the organic semiconducting (OSC) active materials plays a critical role in determining the PCE of OPV devices and the appearance of, or lack thereof, UV light soaking sensitivity. For ZnO and fullerene interfaces, we have shown that either minimizing the oxygen partial pressure during ZnO deposition or exposure of ZnO to UV light minimizes the energetic offset at this interface and maximizes device PCE. We have used a combination of device testing, device modeling, and impedance spectroscopy to fully characterize the effects that energetic alignment has on the charge carrier transport and charge carrier distribution within the OPV device. This work can be found in Chapter 3 of this dissertation and is in preparation for publication. We have also shown that the local properties of sp-ZnO films varies as a function of the underlying ITO crystal face. We show that the local ITO crystal face determines the local nucleation and growth of the sp-ZnO films. We demonstrate that this effects the morphology, the chemical resistance to etching as well as the surface electrical properties of the sp-ZnO films. This is likely due to differences in the surface mobility of sputtered Zn and O atoms on these crystal faces during film nucleation. This affects the nanoscale distribution of electrical and chemical properties. As a result we demonstrate that the PCE, and UV sensitivity of the J-V response of OPVs using sp-ZnO ESLs are strongly impacted by the distribution of ITO crystal faces at the surface of the substrate. This work can be found in Chapter 4 of this dissertation and is in preparation for publication. These studies have contributed to a detailed understanding of the role that electrical heterogeneity, insulating barriers and energetic alignment at the MO/OSC interface play in OPV PCE.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Dissertation Index by :
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Properties of Nickel and Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Electrode Material in Relation to Electrochemical Generation of Ozone by : Bin Wang
Download or read book Properties of Nickel and Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Electrode Material in Relation to Electrochemical Generation of Ozone written by Bin Wang and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Properties of Nickel and Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Electrode Material in Relation to Electrochemical Generation of Ozone" by Bin, Wang, 王滨, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: In this study, the properties of nickel and antimony doped tin oxide (NATO) electrode materials were investigated in relation to the electrochemical generation of ozone. The performance of NATO materials was correlated to -OH radical generation and oxygen adsorption properties. Long-time ozone generation results suggested that surface property changes, including surface morphology, chemical composition and electro-catalyst thickness, could lead to ozone production rate decreased from 137 to 0 mg-h-1 and the current efficiency declined from 18% to 0. The loss of Ni in the electrode was suggested for the decrease in ozone generation. Moreover, material characterization results indicated the presence of NiOOH and multiple oxidation states of Sb (+3 and +5), which were proposed as the critical sites for the electrochemical generation of ozone. In addition, NATO nanocrystals of 3.5 7.5 nm in size prepared by the hydrothermal method were used as an alternative route to fabricate electrodes. The highest current efficiency of 41% was achieved on NATO material of 6% Sb in the precursor, which led to the lowest resistivity of 2.38 0.03 Ω-cm in the product NATO material. This further demonstrated the applicability of NATO materials used as electro-catalysts for the electrochemical generation of ozone. Hydroxyl free radicals (-OH) can be regarded as one of the most important intermediates for ozone generation. The presence of -OH radicals was quantified by fluorescence spectroscopy with terephthalic acid as probes. Quantitative analysis results showed that Ni dopant could significantly enhance -OH generation, while over-doping of Sb and Ni can decrease the generation of -OH radicals. An oxygen chemisorption study on NATO materials showed that more active sites available for oxygen chemisorption lead to higher catalytic activity for ozone generation. The highest oxygen chemisorption capacity of 49.76 μmol-g-1 was achieved on NATO-5 (Sn: Sb: Ni=1000:16:2), which showed the highest current efficiency of 43%. In addition, temperature programmed oxygen adsorption and desorption showed different patterns on different NATO materials. This suggested that oxygen adsorption on NATO materials has a correlation to the electrochemical generation of ozone. In addition, oxygen adsorption was further investigated with near ambient oxygen adsorption. Oxygen adsorption isotherm results indicated that both physisorption and chemisorption can occur on the surface of SnO2 based material (NATO-5) with or without hydrogen pretreatment. When NATO-5 was treated with hydrogen, adsorption was mainly in the form of chemisorption. However, it was mainly in the form of physisorption without hydrogen pretreatment. By comparing NATO-6 (Sn: Sb: Ni=1000:16:0) with NATO-7 (Sn: Sb: Ni=1000:0:2), it was found that Sb was more important in the oxygen adsorption ability of NATO materials compared to Ni doping. Based on the findings in this study, two active sites (Sb and Ni sites) were proposed for -OH generation and oxygen adsorption in order to explain the mechanism of ozone generation on NATO materials. Also, electrochemical generation of ozone was correlated with oxygen adsorption and -OH generation. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5043430 Subjects: Ozone Antimony Stannic oxide Electrodes
Book Synopsis Preparation, and Surface Analytical and Electrochemical Characterization of Chemically Modified Semiconducting and Metallic Electrodes by : James Allen Bruce
Download or read book Preparation, and Surface Analytical and Electrochemical Characterization of Chemically Modified Semiconducting and Metallic Electrodes written by James Allen Bruce and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Summaries of Projects Completed by : National Science Foundation (U.S.)
Download or read book Summaries of Projects Completed written by National Science Foundation (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization and Optimization of Indium-tin Oxide (ITO) for Hydrogen Photoelectrodes by : Gia Piao Chin
Download or read book Characterization and Optimization of Indium-tin Oxide (ITO) for Hydrogen Photoelectrodes written by Gia Piao Chin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
