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Supplemental Poverty Measure
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Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher : ISBN 13 :9780309697392 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (973 download)
Book Synopsis An Updated Measure of Poverty by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book An Updated Measure of Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2023-12-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accurate measure of poverty is necessary to fully understand how the economy is performing across all segments of the population and to assess the effects of government policies on communities and families. In addition, poverty statistics are essential in determining the size and composition of the population whose basic needs are going unmet and to help society target resources to address those needs. An Updated Measure of Poverty: (Re)Drawing the Line recommends updating the methodology used by the Census Bureau to calculate the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) to reflect household basic needs. This report recommends that the more comprehensive SPM replace the current Official Poverty Measure as the primary statistical measure of poverty the Census Bureau uses. The report assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the SPM and provides recommendations for updating its methodology and expanding its use in recognition of the needs of most American families such as medical care, childcare, and housing costs.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309483980 Total Pages :619 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
Book Synopsis Supplemental Poverty Measure by : U. S. Census U.S. Census Bureau
Download or read book Supplemental Poverty Measure written by U. S. Census U.S. Census Bureau and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-15 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the innovations of the Supplemental Poverty Measure is to make adjustments in the official poverty threshold to account for geographic price level differences, particularly for differences in the cost of shelter as measured by rents. A more recent initiative is to estimate thresholds that include price differences for goods and services other than rents. The focus in this paper is to compare two types of geographic adjustments: one based on the ACS median rent index (MRI), and one based on a recently published set of state and metropolitan regional price parities (RPPs). The RPPs are of two types: an all item index that includes a broad group of expenditure classes and another that is more narrowly focused on just food, clothing and rents. The differences between the MRI and the all item RPPs are significant for most states, resulting in higher poverty rates for 15 states and lower rates for 26 states. When the narrower RPPs are used, poverty estimates are higher than the MRI poverty rates in 20 states, lower in 22 states and not statistically different in 9 states. In metropolitan areas, the overall RPPs lower the poverty rates when compared to the MRI, because differences in the combined price level of goods and services are generally not as large as differences in rents. When the RPPs are constrained to food, clothing and rents, the poverty rates in metropolitan areas are greater than the MRI poverty rates.
Book Synopsis The Supplemental Poverty Measure by : John Fitzgerald
Download or read book The Supplemental Poverty Measure written by John Fitzgerald and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We propose a new measure of the rate of poverty we call the Supplemental Expenditure Poverty Measure (SEPM) based on expenditure in the Consumer Expenditure survey. It treats household expenditure as a measure of resources available to purchase the minimum bundle necessary to meet basic needs. Our measure differs from conventional income and consumption poverty in both concept and measurement and it has advantages relative to both. Poverty rates using our basic measure are very close in level and recent trend to those of the most preferred income-based poverty rate produced by the Census Bureau. But our SEPM poverty rate differs from the Census measure at different levels of the poverty line. For example, that the number of individuals living in either poor or "almost" poor households is 5 percentage points greater (about 16 million individuals) using our measure. We also construct an augmented measure that adds additional potential liquid resources. This "maximal resources" measure indicates that if disadvantaged households used up all their bank balances and maximized their credit card borrowing, 9.6 percent of the population (over 31 million individuals) would still be poor and unable to purchase the goods necessary for the basic needs of life.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Poverty by : Philip N. Jefferson
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Poverty written by Philip N. Jefferson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook examines poverty measurement, anti-poverty policy and programs, and poverty theory from the perspective of economics. It is written in a highly accessible style that encourages critical thinking about poverty. What's known about the sources of poverty and its alleviation are summarized and conventional thinking about poverty is challenged.
Book Synopsis The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) and the Aged by : Benjamin Bridges
Download or read book The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) and the Aged written by Benjamin Bridges and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2011, the Census Bureau released its first report on the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM). The SPM addresses many criticisms of the official poverty measure and is intended to provide an improved statistical picture of poverty. This article examines the extent of poverty identified by the two measures. First, we look at how the SPM and official estimates differ for various age groups. One finding is that the SPM poverty rate exceeds the official rate for each subgroup of the aged (65-69, 70-74, 75-79, and 80 or older) by 4.3 to 8.3 percentage points. Then, we look at why the SPM poverty rate for the aged is higher than the official rate. The most important factor here is the difference in the treatment of medical-out-of-pocket expenses.
Book Synopsis Poverty in the U.S. and the Supplemental Poverty Measure by : Marlin C. Haas
Download or read book Poverty in the U.S. and the Supplemental Poverty Measure written by Marlin C. Haas and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2011, the U.S. poverty rate was 15.0% -- 46.2 million persons were estimated as having income below the official poverty line. Neither the poverty rate nor the number of persons counted as poor differed statistically from a year earlier. Since 2006, when the poverty rate stood at 12.3%, marking its most recent low, the number of poor has grown by 9.7 million persons. The 46.2 million persons counted as poor in both 2011 and 2010 are the largest numbers counted in the measure's recorded history, which goes back as far as 1959. The 2011 poverty rate of 15.0%, statistically tied with the 2010 rate, is the highest seen in the past 18 years (1993). The increase in poverty since 2006 reflects the effects of the economic recession that began in December 2007. The level of poverty tends to follow the economic cycle quite closely, tending to rise when the economy is faltering and fall when the economy is in sustained growth. This most recent recession, which officially ended in June 2009, was the longest recorded (18 months) in the post-World War II period. Even as the economy recovers, poverty is expected to remain high, as poverty rates generally do not begin to fall until economic expansion is well underway. Given the depth and duration of the recession, and the projected slow recovery, it will likely take several years or more before poverty rates recede to their 2006 pre-recession level. This book examines poverty in the U.S. and the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM).
Book Synopsis Trends in Poverty with an Anchored Supplemental Poverty Measure by : Christopher Wimer
Download or read book Trends in Poverty with an Anchored Supplemental Poverty Measure written by Christopher Wimer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty measures set a poverty line or threshold and then evaluate resources against that threshold. The official poverty measure (OPM) is flawed on both counts. Because of these (and other) failings, statistics using the official poverty measure do not provide an accurate picture of poverty or the role of government policies in combating poverty. To address these well-known limitations, the Census Bureau recently implemented a supplemental poverty measure (SPM). In recent work, we have produced SPM-like estimates for the period 1967 to 2012, using historical data on incomes from the 1968 to 2013 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey (March CPS) and historical data on expenditures from the 1961, 1972/73, and 1980 to 2012 Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX). One possible limitation of our historical SPM estimates is that they rely on annual calculations of thresholds even in years where we have incomplete CEX data. For these reasons, in this report we apply an alternative poverty measure that differs from the SPM in only one respect. Instead of having a threshold that is re-calculated over time, we use today's threshold and carry it back historically by adjusting it for inflation using the CPI-U-RS.
Book Synopsis The Supplemental Poverty Measure by : Joseph Dalaker
Download or read book The Supplemental Poverty Measure written by Joseph Dalaker and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measuring Poverty by : National Research Council
Download or read book Measuring Poverty written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-05-26 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year's poverty figures are anxiously awaited by policymakers, analysts, and the media. Yet questions are increasing about the 30-year-old measure as social and economic conditions change. In Measuring Poverty a distinguished panel provides policymakers with an up-to-date evaluation of: Concepts and procedures for deriving the poverty threshold, including adjustments for different family circumstances. Definitions of family resources. Procedures for annual updates of poverty measures. The volume explores specific issues underlying the poverty measure, analyzes the likely effects of any changes on poverty rates, and discusses the impact on eligibility for public benefits. In supporting its recommendations the panel provides insightful recognition of the political and social dimensions of this key economic indicator. Measuring Poverty will be important to government officials, policy analysts, statisticians, economists, researchers, and others involved in virtually all poverty and social welfare issues.
Book Synopsis The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) and Children by : Benjamin Bridges
Download or read book The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) and Children written by Benjamin Bridges and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2011, the Census Bureau released its first report on the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM). The SPM addresses many criticisms of the official poverty measure, and its intent is to provide an improved statistical picture of poverty. This article examines the extent of poverty identified by the two measures. We present a detailed examination of poverty among children (aged 0-17). For a more comprehensive view of poverty and comparison purposes, some findings are presented for two older segments of the U.S. population.
Author :Congressional Service Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781544651125 Total Pages :24 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (511 download)
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Poverty Measurement by : Congressional Service
Download or read book An Introduction to Poverty Measurement written by Congressional Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-03-13 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty measures convey the number or percentage of people falling below given income amounts, which are intended to represent a level of economic privation and are computed using some factually based measurement of basic needs. The poverty measures discussed in this report-the official U.S. poverty measure and the research Supplemental Poverty Measure-focus on financial resources. A family's income is compared against a dollar amount representing some measure of need, called a threshold, which typically varies by family size and composition. Those with family income less than the threshold are considered to be "in poverty," or poor; those with incomes greater than or equal to the threshold are not considered to be in poverty. All members of the same family have the same poverty status. The poverty measures discussed here are financial measures; they do not directly capture the physical, mental, or social effects of being poor. They were developed to accurately measure economic privation rather than to describe the full complement of resources a person or family needs to be self-sufficient. Poverty data are obtained from surveys, and are therefore estimates that have margins of error. Poverty estimates derived from different data sources-even those using the same definition of poverty-will almost always differ. The official poverty thresholds were developed in the early 1960s, and were based on empirical measures of dietary need, on the amount that a family in economic distress might need to spend on food to attempt to meet its dietary needs, and on the spending patterns of families across the income distribution. This information was used to determine what percentage of an average family's budget was spent on food, and in turn, to compute the amounts representing total family income. There has been broad agreement among poverty scholars that the official poverty measure has serious limitations, and decades of research were undertaken to address them. In 2009, an interagency technical working group, convened under the auspices of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), put forth the Supplemental Poverty Measure to consolidate the research and emphasize not only sound concepts and methodology in the measure's development, but also practicality in the measure's maintenance, computation, and usage. The Supplemental Poverty Measure was not intended to replace the official measure, and it was expected that refinement of the Supplemental Poverty Measure's methodology and data sources would continue. Neither the official poverty measure nor the Supplemental Poverty Measure was established in statute. The Bureau of the Budget and its successor agency, OMB, directed federal agencies to use the official measure for statistical purposes. The directive explicitly stated that the measure was not developed for administrative purposes, and allowed for other measures of poverty to be developed, as long as the data for those measures were distinguished from the official series. For administrative uses, such as determining whether an individual or family is eligible for assistance from a program, a different set of dollar amounts called poverty guidelines is used. Poverty guidelines are different from the official poverty thresholds, are published by the Department of Health and Human Services, and are not used to count the poverty population. However, any program that relies on counts of the poverty population, such as for formula grants, uses the official poverty thresholds and not the guidelines.
Book Synopsis Addressing the Shortcomings of the Supplemental Poverty Measure by : Burkhauser
Download or read book Addressing the Shortcomings of the Supplemental Poverty Measure written by Burkhauser and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) and Nonaged Adults by : Benjamin Bridges
Download or read book The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) and Nonaged Adults written by Benjamin Bridges and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In November 2011, the Census Bureau released its first report on the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM). The SPM addresses many criticisms of the official poverty measure, and its intent is to provide an improved statistical picture of poverty. This article examines the extent of poverty identified by the two measures. We present a detailed examination of poverty among nonaged adults (those aged 18-64). For a more comprehensive view of poverty and comparison purposes, some findings are presented for younger and older segments of the population. We compare and contrast poverty estimates produced under the official and new measures and investigate why the official and SPM estimates differ.
Book Synopsis Poverty in the U.S. and the Supplemental Poverty Measure by : Marlin C. Haas
Download or read book Poverty in the U.S. and the Supplemental Poverty Measure written by Marlin C. Haas and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2011, the U.S. poverty rate was 15.0% -- 46.2 million persons were estimated as having income below the official poverty line. Neither the poverty rate nor the number of persons counted as poor differed statistically from a year earlier. Since 2006, when the poverty rate stood at 12.3%, marking its most recent low, the number of poor has grown by 9.7 million persons. The 46.2 million persons counted as poor in both 2011 and 2010 are the largest numbers counted in the measure's recorded history, which goes back as far as 1959. The 2011 poverty rate of 15.0%, statistically tied with the 2010 rate, is the highest seen in the past 18 years (1993). The increase in poverty since 2006 reflects the effects of the economic recession that began in December 2007. The level of poverty tends to follow the economic cycle quite closely, tending to rise when the economy is faltering and fall when the economy is in sustained growth. This most recent recession, which officially ended in June 2009, was the longest recorded (18 months) in the post-World War II period. Even as the economy recovers, poverty is expected to remain high, as poverty rates generally do not begin to fall until economic expansion is well underway. Given the depth and duration of the recession, and the projected slow recovery, it will likely take several years or more before poverty rates recede to their 2006 pre-recession level. This book examines poverty in the U.S. and the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM).
Book Synopsis The Research Supplemental Poverty Measure by : Kathleen Short
Download or read book The Research Supplemental Poverty Measure written by Kathleen Short and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Last year the U.S. Census Bureau, with support from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), released the first report describing research on the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM). The SPM extends the information provided by the official poverty measure by including many of the government programs designed to assist low-income families and individuals that are not included in the current official poverty measure.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309484014 Total Pages :619 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-08-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
