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Supererogation
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Download or read book Supererogation written by David Heyd and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Heyd's study will stimulate philosophers to recognise the importance of the rather neglected topic of the distinctiveness of supererogation and the difficulty of accounting for it, and to take a fresh critical look at their theories in the light of its singular importance.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Supererogation by : David Heyd
Download or read book Handbook of Supererogation written by David Heyd and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-24 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supererogation is the category of moral actions which go beyond the call of duty. This collection of articles is the first of its kind to cover the broad spectrum of issues related to supererogation. It provides an up-to-date status of the discussion on the main issues, alternative analyses, and controversies regarding central cases of supererogation. The work explores a broad range of philosophical problems and challenges our presuppositions about the basis of ethical theories. Beyond the challenges of supererogation to deontological and utilitarian views, this book presents the latest developments in the way virtue ethics approaches supererogation. It also discusses the issue of whether there is a negative analogue to the supererogatory: the suberogatory. The Handbook consists also of the first systematic discussion of supererogation from the point of view of five religions as well as a feminist analysis of the concept. The book is an essential read for philosophy scholars interested in moral philosophy.
Book Synopsis The Possibility and Role of Supererogation in Evangelical Ethics by : B. J. Condrey
Download or read book The Possibility and Role of Supererogation in Evangelical Ethics written by B. J. Condrey and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2023-01-10 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Supererogation" is an awkward term but a useful concept. While not a term that we use every day, the concept is very familiar to most of us. It is an act that is neither obligatory nor forbidden and that possesses moral worth. While Roman Catholics and a large number of moral philosophers affirm the possibility and value of such acts, Evangelicals from the time of the Reformation have rejected them. Yet, this is to their detriment. Relying on Gregory Mellema's insight that acts of supererogation are possible without compromising the orthodox Evangelical doctrine of justification, I argue that there is clear evidence for supererogation in the New Testament and that performing such deeds with a proper motive is essential in an Evangelical account of supererogation. It is my hope that Evangelicals will reconsider the possibility of supererogation and embrace the concept as a useful tool in counseling contexts, biblical interpretation, and homiletics.
Book Synopsis Heroes, Saints, and Ordinary Morality by : Andrew Michael Flescher
Download or read book Heroes, Saints, and Ordinary Morality written by Andrew Michael Flescher and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2003-11-25 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of us are content to see ourselves as ordinary people—unique in ways, talented in others, but still among the ranks of ordinary mortals. Andrew Flescher probes our contented state by asking important questions: How should "ordinary" people respond when others need our help, whether the situation is a crisis, or something less? Do we have a responsibility, an obligation, to go that extra mile, to act above and beyond the call of duty? Or should we leave the braver responses to those who are somehow different than we are: better somehow, "heroes," or "saints?" Traditional approaches to ethics have suggested there is a sharp distinction between ordinary people and those called heroes and saints; between duties and acts of supererogation (going beyond the expected). Flescher seeks to undo these standard dichotomies by looking at the lives and actions of certain historical figures—Holocaust rescuers, Martin Luther King, Jr., Dorothy Day, among others—who appear to be extraordinary but were, in fact, ordinary people. Heroes, Saints, and Ordinary Morality shifts the way we regard ourselves in relationship to those we admire from afar—it asks us not only to admire, but to emulate as well—further, it challenges us to actively seek the acquisition of virtue as seen in the lives of heroes and saints, to learn from them, a dynamic aspect of ethical behavior that goes beyond the mere avoidance of wrongdoing. Andrew Flescher sets a stage where we need to think and act, calling us to lead lives of self-examination—even if that should sometimes provoke discomfort. He asks that we strive to emulate those we admire and therefore allow ourselves to grow morally, and spiritually. It is then that the individual develops a deeper altruistic sense of self—a state that allows us to respond as the heroes of our own lives, and therefore in the lives of others, when times and circumstance demand that of us.
Book Synopsis Moral Uncertainty and Its Consequences by : Ted Lockhart
Download or read book Moral Uncertainty and Its Consequences written by Ted Lockhart and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-04-20 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are often uncertain how to behave morally in complex situations. In this controversial study, Ted Lockhart contends that moral philosophy has failed to address how we make such moral decisions. Adapting decision theory to the task of decision-making under moral uncertainly, he proposes that we should not always act how we feel we ought to act, and that sometimes we should act against what we feel to be morally right. Lockhart also discusses abortion extensively and proposes new ways to deal with the ethical and moral issues which surround it.
Book Synopsis Morally-Demanding Infinite Responsibility by : Julio Andrade
Download or read book Morally-Demanding Infinite Responsibility written by Julio Andrade and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-16 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a conceptual mapping of supererogation in the analytic moral philosophical tradition. It first asks whether supererogation can be conceptualised in the absence of obligation or duty and then makes the case that it can be. It does so by enlisting the resources of the continental tradition, specifically using the work of Emmanuel Levinas and his notion of infinite responsibility. In so doing the book contributes to the ongoing efforts to create a common ethical terminology between the analytic and continental traditions within moral philosophy. Supererogatory actions are praiseworthy actions that go ‘beyond duty’, and yet are not blameworthy when not performed. In responding to this paradox, moral philosophy either brackets or attempts a reductionism of supererogation. Supererogation is epitomised in the paradigmatic figures of the saint and hero. Yet, most would agree that emulating these figures is too morally demanding. We rightly ask: where does moral obligation end? Is it even possible, or desirable to demarcate such a boundary? Besides the important theoretical issues these questions raise, they also speak to practical ethical dilemmas in the contemporary milieu, as they concern the global wealthy’s responsibility to the poor and the challenges of development aid work.
Book Synopsis Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics Volume 14 by : Mark Timmons
Download or read book Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics Volume 14 written by Mark Timmons and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-09-19 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics is an annual forum for new work in normative ethical theory. Leading philosophers present original contributions to our understanding of a wide range of moral issues and positions, from analysis of competing approaches to normative ethics (including moral realism, constructivism, and expressivism) to questions of how we should act and live well. OSNE is an essential resource for scholars and students working in moral philosophy.
Book Synopsis Opting for the Best by : Douglas W. Portmore
Download or read book Opting for the Best written by Douglas W. Portmore and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-11 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We ought to opt for the best-that is, we ought to choose the option that is best in terms of whatever ultimately matters. So, if maximizing happiness is what ultimately matters, then we ought to perform the option that results in the most happiness. And if, instead, abiding by the Golden Rule is what ultimately matters, then we ought to perform the option that best abides by this rule. However, even if we know what ultimately matters, this is not always sufficient for determining which option we ought to perform. There are other questions that we need to consider as well. Which events are options for us? How do we rank our options-in terms of their own goodness or in terms of the goodness of the best options that entail them? How exactly does that which ultimately matters determine which options we ought to perform? In Opting for the Best, Douglas W. Portmore focuses on these three questions, which he argues can best be answered by putting aside any specific determination of what ultimately matters. He argues that tackling these three questions is crucial to solving many of the puzzles concerning what we ought to do, including those involving supererogation, indeterminate outcomes, overdetermined outcomes, predictable future misbehavior, and good acts that entail bad acts, among others. Engaging with arguments in areas as wide-ranging as action theory and deontic logic, the solutions that Portmore offers systematize our thinking about some of the most complex issues in practical philosophy.
Book Synopsis The Ethics of Grace by : Paul Martens
Download or read book The Ethics of Grace written by Paul Martens and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-09-22 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume draws together leading theologians and Christian ethicists from across the globe to critically engage with and reflect upon Gerald McKenny, widely acknowledged as one of the most original and important Christian ethicists working today. The essays highlight the significance of McKenny's interventions with a range of important debates in contemporary theological ethics, ranging from analyses of the Protestant conception of grace to bioethics and medicine. The Ethics of Grace is the first volume to facilitate critical engagements with a number of key themes in McKenny's work, not in the least his interpretation of Karl Barth. Among the contributions, Jennifer Herdt discusses McKenny's Barthian interest in the relationship between nature and grace; Angela Carpenter uses his Barthian understanding of grace and human action as a framework to discuss Jonathan Edwards; Stanley Hauerwas pushes McKenny's theology beyond Barth. Economic, political, and technological themes are also discussed in depth, for instance in Robert Song's chapter on the phenomenology of biotechnological enhancement. Reaching far beyond the work of Gerald McKenny, this multifaceted volume is a high-level resource for students and scholars of theological and philosophical ethics.
Book Synopsis Principles and Persons by : Jeff McMahan
Download or read book Principles and Persons written by Jeff McMahan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derek Parfit, who died in 2017, is widely believed to have been the most significant moral philosopher in well over a century. The twenty-one new essays in this book have all been inspired by his work. They address issues with which he was concerned in his writing, particularly in his seminal contribution to moral philosophy, Reasons and Persons (OUP, 1984). Rather than simply commenting on his work, these essays attempt to make further progress with issues, both moral and prudential, that Parfit believed matter to our lives: issues concerned with how we ought to live, and what we have most reason to do. Topics covered in the book include the nature of personal identity, the basis of self-interested concern about the future, the rationality of our attitudes toward time, what it is for a life to go well or badly, how to evaluate moral theories, the nature of reasons for action, the aggregation of value, how benefits and harms should be distributed among people, and what degree of sacrifice morality requires us to make for the sake of others. These include some of the most important questions of normative ethical theory, as well as fundamental questions about the metaphysics of personhood and personal identity, and the ways in which the answers to these questions bear on what it is rational and moral for us to do.
Book Synopsis Deontic Logic in Computer Science by : Ron van der Meyden
Download or read book Deontic Logic in Computer Science written by Ron van der Meyden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-10 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Deontic Logic in Computer Science, DEON 2008, held in Luxembourg in July 2008. The 16 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The topics addressed are development of formal systems of deontic logic and related areas of logic, and applications. Of particular interest is the interaction between computer systems and their users; the papers focus also on the special topic of logical approaches to deontic notions in computer science in the area of security and trust, encompassing applications in e-commerce as well as traditional areas of computer security.
Book Synopsis Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics, Volume 3 by : Mark Timmons
Download or read book Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics, Volume 3 written by Mark Timmons and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-12 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, leading philosophers advance our understanding of a wide range of moral issues and positions, from analysis of competing normative theories to questions of how we should act and live well.
Book Synopsis Beneficence and Health Care by : E.E. Shelp
Download or read book Beneficence and Health Care written by E.E. Shelp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The meaning and application of the principle of beneficence to issues in health care is rarely clear or certain. Although the principle is frequently employed to justify a variety of actions and inactions, very little has been done from a conceptual point of view to test its relevance to these behaviors or to explore its relationship to other moral principles that also might be called upon to guide or justify conduct. Perhaps more than any other, the principle of benef icence seems particularly appropriate to contexts of health care in which two or more parties interact from positions of relative strength and weakness, advantage and need, to pursue some perceived goal. It is among those moral principles that Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress selected in their textbook on bioethics as applicable to biomedicine in general and relevant to a range of specific issues ([1], pp. 135-167). More narrowly, The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behav ioral Research identified beneficence as among those moral principles that have particular relevance to the conduct of research involving humans (2). Thus, the principle of beneficence is seen as pertinent to the routine delivery of health care, the discovery of new therapies, and the rationale of public policies related to health care.
Book Synopsis History and Exposition of the Twenty-five Articles of Religion of the Methodist Episcopal Church by : Henry Wheeler
Download or read book History and Exposition of the Twenty-five Articles of Religion of the Methodist Episcopal Church written by Henry Wheeler and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Law by : Christopher Berry Gray
Download or read book The Philosophy of Law written by Christopher Berry Gray and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1999 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From articles centering on the detailed and doctrinal exposition of the law to those which reside almost wholly within the realm of philosophical ethics, this volume affords comprehensive treatment to both sides of the philosophico-legal equation. Systematic and sustained coverage of the many dimensions of legal thought gives ample expression to the true breadth and depth of the philosophy of law, with coverage of:The modes of knowing and the kinds of normativity used in the law; Studies in international, constitutional, criminal, administrative, persons and property, contracts and to.
Book Synopsis A Debate on God and Morality by : William Lane Craig
Download or read book A Debate on God and Morality written by William Lane Craig and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2018, William Lane Craig and Erik J. Wielenberg participated in a debate at North Carolina State University, addressing the question: "God and Morality: What is the best account of objective moral values and duties?" Craig argued that theism provides a sound foundation for objective morality whereas atheism does not. Wielenberg countered that morality can be objective even if there is no God. This book includes the full debate, as well as endnotes with extended discussions that were not included in the debate. It also includes five chapters by other philosophers who have written substantive responses to the debate - J. P. Moreland, David Baggett, Mark Linville, Wes Morriston, and Michael Huemer. The book provides crucial resources for better understanding moral realism and its dependence on, or independence from, theistic foundations. Key Features A valuable debate about whether or not God is the best explanation for objective morality, bringing together theists and atheists working on the same subject who normally are not in conversation with each other. Includes clear coverage of ontological and epistemological issues in metaethical theories, focusing on Divine Command Theory and Non-natural Robust Moral Realism. Engaging and accessible throughout, making the book well suited for undergraduate and seminary classrooms.
Book Synopsis Neither Heroes nor Saints by : Rebecca Stangl
Download or read book Neither Heroes nor Saints written by Rebecca Stangl and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-16 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of us are far from perfect in virtue. But even those who come far closer to perfect virtue than most of us--people like Mother Theresa, Martin Luther King, Jr., or Gandhi--nonetheless fall short of possessing it: not even moral saints and heroes are perfectly virtuous. Faced with this fact, moral philosophers can respond in two different ways: they might insist that the only real virtue is perfect virtue, and the only right actions are perfectly virtuous ones. Any failure to meet the exacting standards of perfect virtue will amount to vice, and any less than perfectly virtuous actions will be wrong. Or, if they reject such a rigorist picture, they can instead affirm that there are actions that are truly good and right even if they fall short of perfection. In this book, philosopher Rebecca Stangl urges the attractions of a virtue ethics committed to the second option, and in doing so, pushes forward two major innovations. First, she constructs and defends Neo-Aristotelian accounts of supererogation and suberogation, arguing such accounts are fully consistent with such traditional Aristotelian claims as the doctrine of the mean, the necessity of virtue, and the role of the phronimos in our moral epistemology. And further, far from encouraging a kind of complacency, she shows the recognition that there can be genuine goodness short of perfection is precisely what opens up theoretical space for appreciating the goodness of striving towards ideal virtue. The second major innovation of the book is its argument that self-improvement itself can be morally excellent, and the disposition to seek and engage in it, where appropriate, is itself virtuous. She terms this a virtue of self-cultivation, and the book defends and develops a rigorous account of its nature and value.
