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Download Superacid Catalysis Of Light Hydrocarbon Conversion Doe Petc Seventh Quarterly Progress Report April 1 1995 July 31 1995 full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Superacid Catalysis Of Light Hydrocarbon Conversion Doe Petc Seventh Quarterly Progress Report April 1 1995 July 31 1995 ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Download or read book Superacid Catalysis of Light Hydrocarbon Conversion. DOE PETC Seventh Quarterly Progress Report, April 1, 1995-July 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Superacid Catalysis of Light Hydrocarbon Conversion. Ninth Quarterly Report, October 1, 1995--December 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transition metal promoters of sulfated zirconia increase its catalytic activity for the conversion of n-butane. The promoter effects vary from one transition metal to another in the family zinc, iron, nickel, cobalt, and manganese. The most active catalyst so far tested is promoted by both iron and manganese. This catalyst is two or more orders of magnitude more active than unpromoted sulfated zirconia. The manganese promoter alone markedly increases the catalytic activity, but the activity declines very rapidly with time on stream in the flow reactor. Under the same experimental conditions, iron has a smaller but longer-lasting effect as a promoter than manganese, and to a first approximation, the iron- and manganese-promoted catalyst shows a behavior that is a superposition of those of the two individual promoters.
Download or read book Supercritical Catalysts of Light Hydrocarbon Conversion. DOE PETC Eight Quarterly Report, July 1, 1995-September 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 688 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Supercritical Catalysts of Light Hydrocarbon Conversion. DOE PETC Eighth Quartery Report, July 1, 1995--September 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The solid superacid catalysts investigated in this project catalyze hydrocarbon conversions by routes involving carbocation intermediates. This report is a summary of mechanisms of hydrocarbon conversion catalyzed by these and related solid acids. This mechanistic information summarized here is important to the present project because it provides guidance for the modeling of the kinetics of the catalytic butane conversion and propane conversion. Because of the difficulty of determining surface reaction intermediates, understanding of surface reaction mechanisms lags far behind that of solution reaction mechanisms, and what is known about the former is fragmentary and often largely based on presumed analogies with the latter, combined with results such as those from tracer experiments, kinetics experiments, and theoretical chemistry.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Superacid Catalysis of Light Hydrocarbon Conversion. Tenth Quarterly Report, January 1, 1996--March 31, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transition metal promoters markedly increase the activity of sulfated zirconia for isomerization of butane. Data presented here demonstrate the effects of the promoters zinc, iron, and manganese; none of these is as effective as the iron/manganese combination. The effects of feed impurities (olefins and/or isobutane in n-butane) are consistent with those described in the preceding quarterly report: they lead to an improvement in catalytic activity. These observations are inferred to be of practical importance; they indicate the benefit of the impurities in increasing butane conversion. The product distribution data show that reactions accompanying isomerization and disproportionation are more important with some promoters (e.g., iron) than others (e.g., zinc). The data demonstrate that the iron- and manganese-promoted catalyst can be regenerated at least sever times with negligible loss of activity (within the experimental error). To apply this catalyst or a related catalyst industrially, it seems very likely to be necessary to reduce the rate of deactivation substantially and/or to regenerate the catalyst through many cycles.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Superacid Catalysis of Light Hydrocarbon Conversion. First Quarterly Technical Report, August 25--November 24, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Goal is to evaluate the potential value of solid superacid catalysts of the sulfated zirconia type for light hydrocarbon conversion; such catalysts will be tested in a flow reactor fed with streams containing, for example, n-butane or propane. This report summarizes the design of the reactor system.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Clean Gasoline Reforming with Superacid Catalysts. Quarterly Progress Report, April--June 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been observed for a number of the Zr catalysts that the maximum MCH conversion (ca. 20 wt.%) can be obtained in 15 min. using a reaction temperature of 150°C and 1 atm. of H2, and no further reaction occurs during 120 minutes. Typical results for these catalysts as well as catalyst which show lower activities using the 15 min. residence time are shown in Figure 2. Both catalyst formulations, a Pt/ZrO2/SO4 and a Fe/Mn/ZrO2/SO4 show this behavior. The 15 minute conversion and the 2 hour conversion are not due to thermodynamic limitations. A series of experiments were completed using the Pt/ZrO2/SO4 catalyst to obtain data to explain the maximum conversions obtained. In the first set of experiments a conversion versus residence time curve (Figure 3) was generated. The data shown in Figure 3 indicated a conversion curve with reaction time that is typical of the catalysts tested. In the next set of experiments, the amount of reactor volume which was occupied by the catalyst and feedstock was varied to determine if the reaction taking place in the liquid or gas phase was limiting the conversion of MCH. The MCH/catalyst ratio was held constant at 2:1. The results of these experiments are shown in Figure 4. The data clearly indicates that the conversion remains fairly constant until the reactor it essentially filled with liquid. It does not appear that the limited maximum conversion observed is due to the reaction taking place in either the gas or liquid phase.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Conversion of Light Hydrocarbon Gases to Metal Carbides for Production of Liquid Fuels and Chemicals. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1--March 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The methane plasma stabilization problem was resolved with the reconfiguration of the DC power supply to give a higher open circuit voltage to enable operation of the arc at higher voltage levels and with the installation of a solenoid around the plasma reactor to magnetically rotate the are. Cathode tip erosion problems were encountered with the 1/4-inch graphite and tungsten tips which necessitated a redesign of the plasma reactor. The new plasma reactor consists of an enlarged 3/4-inch O.D. graphite tip to reduce current density and a 1-inch I.D. graphite anode. Products from MgO/CH4 scoping runs in the redesigned reactor under conditions of excess MgO gave strong indications that a breakthrough has finally been achieved i.e. that synthesis of magnesium carbides from MgO and methane in the arc discharge reactor has been demonstrated. Significant quantities of hydrocarbons, primarily C3H4 and C2H2, were detected in the headspace above hydrolyzed solid samples by GC analysis. In one run, solids glowed upon exposure to the atmosphere, strongly suggesting carbide reaction with moisture in the air, exothermically forming acetylenes which ignited instantaneously in the presence of oxygen and elevated temperatures arising from localized heat-up of the specimens.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (66 download)
Download or read book Da bei xin zhou xiang jie written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Anne M. Coghill
Publisher : American Chemical Society
ISBN 13 : 9780841239494
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (394 download)
Download or read book ACS Style Guide written by Anne M. Coghill and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the time since the second edition of The ACS Style Guide was published, the rapid growth of electronic communication has dramatically changed the scientific, technical, and medical (STM) publication world. This dynamic mode of dissemination is enabling scientists, engineers, and medicalpractitioners all over the world to obtain and transmit information quickly and easily. An essential constant in this changing environment is the requirement that information remain accurate, clear, unambiguous, and ethically sound.This extensive revision of The ACS Style Guide thoroughly examines electronic tools now available to assist STM writers in preparing manuscripts and communicating with publishers. Valuable updates include discussions of markup languages, citation of electronic sources, online submission ofmanuscripts, and preparation of figures, tables, and structures. In keeping current with the changing environment, this edition also contains references to many resources on the internet.With this wealth of new information, The ACS Style Guide's Third Edition continues its long tradition of providing invaluable insight on ethics in scientific communication, the editorial process, copyright, conventions in chemistry, grammar, punctuation, spelling, and writing style for any STMauthor, reviewer, or editor. The Third Edition is the definitive source for all information needed to write, review, submit, and edit scholarly and scientific manuscripts.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Technology Development for Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysis. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 5, October 1, 1995--December 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research project is to develop the technology for the production of physically robust iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts that have suitable activity, selectivity and stability to be used in the slurry phase synthesis reactor development. The catalysts that are developed shall be suitable for testing in the Advanced Fuels Development Facility at LaPorte, Texas, to produce either low- or high-alpha product distributions. Previous work by the offeror has produced a catalyst formulation that is 1.5 times as active as the ''standard-catalyst'' developed by German workers for slurry phase synthesis. The proposed work will optimize the catalyst composition and pretreatment operation for this low-alpha catalyst. In parallel, work will be conducted to design a high-alpha iron catalyst this is suitable for slurry phase synthesis. Studies will be conducted to define the chemical phases present at various stages of the pretreatment and synthesis stages and to define the course of these changes. The oxidation/reduction cycles that are anticipated to occur in large, commercial reactors will be studied at the laboratory scale. Catalyst performance will be determined for catalysts synthesized in this program for activity, selectivity and aging characteristics. The research is divided into four major topical areas: (a) catalyst preparation and characterization, (b) product characterization, (c) reactor operations, and (d) data assessment. Accomplishments to date are described.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Development of Vanadium-phosphate Catalysts for Methanol Production by Selective Oxidation of Methane. Quarterly Technical Progress Report 10, July 1, 1995--September 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is the tenth quarterly technical progress report under Contract No. DE-AC22-92PC92110 {open_quotes}Development of Vanadium-Phosphate Catalysts for Methanol Production by Selective Oxidation of Methane{close_quotes}. Activities focused on testing of additional modified and promoted catalysts and characterization of these materials. Attempts at improving the sensitivity of our GC based analytical systems were also made with some success. Methanol oxidation studies were initiated. These results are reported. Specific accomplishments include: (1) Methane oxidation testing of a suite of catalysts promoted with most of the first row transition metals was completed. Several of these materials produced low, difficult to quantify yields of formaldehyde. (2) Characterization of these materials by XRD and FTIR was performed with the goal of correlating activity and selectivity with catalyst properties. (3) We began to characterize catalysts prepared via modified synthesis methods designed to enhance acidity using TGA measurements of acetonitrile chemisorption and methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether as a test reaction. (4) A catalyst prepared in the presence of naphthalene methanol as a structural disrupter was tested for activity in methane oxidation. It was found that this material produced low yields of formaldehyde which were difficult to quantify. (5) Preparation of catalysts with no Bronsted acid sites. This was accomplished by replacement of exchangeable protons with potassium, and (6) Methanol oxidation studies were initiated to provide an indication of catalyst activity for decomposition of this desired product and as a method of characterizing the catalyst surface.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book The Economical Production of Alcohol Fuels from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas. Quarterly Technical Progress Report Number 17, September 1, 1995--December 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During this reporting period, there were three major thrusts in the WVU portion. First, we started a preliminary investigation on the use of a membrane reactor for HAS. Accordingly, the plug-flow reactor which had been isolated from sulfides was substituted by a membrane reactor. The tubular membrane was first characterized in terms of its permeation properties, i.e., the fluxes, permeances and selectivities of the components. After that, a BASF methanol-synthesis catalyst was tested under different conditions on the membrane reactor. The results will be compared with those from a non-permeable stainless steel tubular reactor under the same conditions. Second, we started a detailed study of one of the catalysts tested during the screening runs. Accordingly, a carbon-supported potassium-doped molybdenum-cobalt catalyst was selected to be run in the Rotoberty reactor. Finally, we have started detailed analyses of reaction products from some earlier screening runs in which non-sulfide molybdenum-based catalysts were employed and much more complicated product distributions were generally observed. These products could not hitherto be analyzed using the gas chromatograph which was then available. A Varian gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) is being used to characterize these liquid products. At UCC, we completed a screening of an Engelhard support impregnated with copper and cesium. We have met or exceeded three of four catalyst development targets. Oxygenate selectivity is our main hurdle. Further, we tested the effect of replacing stainless-steel reactor preheater tubing and fittings with titanium ones. We had hoped to reduce the yield of hydrocarbons which may have been produced at high temperatures due to Fischer-Tropsch catalysis with the iron and nickel in the preheater tube walls. Results showed that total hydrocarbon space time yield was actually increased with the titanium preheater, while total alcohol space time yield was not significantly affected.
Download or read book Role of Char During Reburning of Nitrogen Oxides. Seventh Quarterly Progress Report, April 1, 1995-June 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Technology Development for Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysis. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 3, April 1, 1995--June 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research project is to develop the technology for the production of physically robust iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts that have suitable activity, selectivity and stability to be used in the slurry phase synthesis reactor development. The catalysts that are developed shall be suitable for testing in the Advanced Fuels Development Facility at LaPorte, Texas, to produce either low- or high-alpha product distributions. Previous work by the offeror has produced a catalyst formulation that is 1.5 times as active as the {open_quotes}standard-catalyst{close_quotes} developed by German workers for slurry phase synthesis. The proposed work will optimize the catalyst composition and pretreatment operation for this low-alpha catalyst. In parallel, work will be conducted to design a high-alpha iron catalyst this is suitable for slurry phase synthesis. Studies will be conducted to define the chemical phases present at various stages of the pretreatment and synthesis stages and to define the course of these changes. The oxidation/reduction cycles that are anticipated to occur in large, commercial reactors will be studied at the laboratory scale. Catalyst performance will be determined for catalysts synthesized in this program for activity, selectivity and aging characteristics. The research is divided into four major topical areas: (a) catalyst preparation and characterization, (b) product characterization, (c) reactor operations, and (d) data assessment.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Fischer Tropsch Synthesis in Supercritical Fluids. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1995--June 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our objective for this quarter was to study the effect of co-feeding a 1-olefin on the Ruhrchemie catalyst activity and selectivity, during-both conventional Fisher-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) and FTS under supercritical conditions. We used propane as the supercritical fluid and 1-dodecene (1-C12H24) in this test. Motivation for this study was the work of Fujimoto and co-workers who reported that suppression of methane and enhancement of high molecular weight hydrocarbons selectivities occurs with co-feeding of 1-olefins (1-heptene, 1-tetradecene, or 1-hexadecene) during FTS under supercritical conditions, but not during the conventional FTS (Co-La catalyst supported on silica in supercritical n-pentane). The diffusion coefficients of products in supercritical fluids is discussed.
