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Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190627123
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Think Again written by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subtitle in pre-publication: How to reason and argue--and why.
Author : Everest Media
Publisher : Everest Media LLC
ISBN 13 : 1669347192
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (693 download)
Download or read book Summary of Walter Sinnott-Armstrong's Think Again written by Everest Media and published by Everest Media LLC. This book was released on 2022-02-28T19:03:00Z with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Sample Book Insights: #1 All of these problems require widespread cooperation to solve, but instead of working together, people tend to argue and fight with each other. #2 When people give up on understanding each other, they resort to willful misinterpretation and abuse. They will put words in each other’s mouths in order to make their rivals look foolish. #3 We need to exchange reasons with our opponents, and we need to demand their reasons from them. Without understanding each other, we cannot figure out how to compromise or cooperate with each other. #4 To work together, we must first understand what reasons and arguments are. They are not verbal fights, but constructive attempts to increase understanding. When someone presents one claim as a reason for another claim, that is an argument.
Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0195337638
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Morality Without God? written by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2009-07-02 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A common refrain against atheism and secular humanism is that without belief in God, "everything is permitted." Walter Sinnott-Armstrong dismantles this argument and argues instead that God is not only not essential to morality, but that our moral behavior should be seen as utterly independent of religion. This short, accessible book is on a major aspect of the arguments against atheism and will interest those intrigued by the "new atheism" (Harris, Dawkins, etc).
Author : Robert J. Fogelin
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt P
ISBN 13 : 9780155926721
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (267 download)
Download or read book Understanding Arguments written by Robert J. Fogelin and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt P. This book was released on 1991 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199700639
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)
Download or read book Conscious Will and Responsibility written by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-24 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We all seem to think that we do the acts we do because we consciously choose to do them. This commonsense view is thrown into dispute by Benjamin Libet's eyebrow-raising experiments, which seem to suggest that conscious will occurs not before but after the start of brain activity that produces physical action. Libet's striking results are often claimed to undermine traditional views of free will and moral responsibility and to have practical implications for criminal justice. His work has also stimulated a flurry of further fascinating scientific research--including findings in psychology by Dan Wegner and in neuroscience by John-Dylan Haynes--that raises novel questions about whether conscious will plays any causal role in action. Critics respond that both commonsense views of action and traditional theories of moral and legal responsibility, as well as free will, can survive the scientific onslaught of Libet and his progeny. To further this lively debate, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and Lynn Nadel have brought together prominent experts in neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, and law to discuss whether our conscious choices really cause our actions, and what the answers to that question mean for how we view ourselves and how we should treat each other.
Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262195615
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (621 download)
Download or read book Moral Psychology written by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1990s, many philosophers have drawn on recent advances in cognitive psychology, brain science and evolutionary psychology to inform their work. These three volumes bring together some of the most innovative work by both philosophers and psychologists in this emerging, collaboratory field.
Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195342062
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Moral Skepticism written by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-10-19 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "All contentious moral issues - from gay marriage to abortion and affirmative action - raise difficult questions about the justification of moral beliefs. How can we be justified in holding on to our own moral beliefs while recognizing that other intelligent people feel quite differently and that many moral beliefs are distorted by self-interest and by corrupt cultures? Even when almost everyone agrees - e.g. that experimental surgery without consent is immoral - can we know that such beliefs are true? If so, how?" "These profound questions lead to fundamental issues about the nature of morality, language, metaphysics, justification, and knowledge. They also have tremendous practical importance in handling controversial moral questions in health care ethics, politics, law, and education. Walter Sinnott-Armstrong here provides an extensive overview of these difficult subjects, looking at a wide variety of questions, including: Are any moral beliefs true? Are any justified? What is justified belief? The second half of the book explores various moral theories that have grappled with these issues, such as naturalism, normativism, intuitionism, and coherentism, all of which are attempts to answer moral skepticism. Sinnott-Armstrong argues that all these approaches fail to rule out moral nihilism - the view that nothing is really morally wrong or right, bad or good. Then he develops his own novel theory, - "moderate Pyrrhonian moral skepticism"--Which concludes that some moral beliefs can be justified out of a modest contrast class but no moral beliefs can be justified out of an extreme contrast class. While explaining this original position and criticizing alternatives, Sinnott-Armstrong provides a wide-ranging survey of the epistemology of moral beliefs."--Jacket.
Author : Uri Maoz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197572189
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)
Download or read book Free Will written by Uri Maoz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is free will? Can it exist in a determined universe? How can we determine who, if anyone, possesses it? Philosophers have debated the extent of human free will for millennia. In recent decades neuroscientists have joined the fray with questions of their own. Which neural mechanisms could enable conscious control of action? What are intentional actions? Do contemporary developments in neuroscience rule out free will or, instead, illuminate how it works? Over the past few years, neuroscientists and philosophers have increasingly come to understand that both fields can make substantive contributions to the free-will debate, so working together is the best path forward to understanding whether, when, and how our choices might be free This book contains thirty bidirectional exchanges between neuroscientists and philosophers that focus on the most critical questions in the neurophilosophy of free will. It mimics a lively, interdisciplinary conference, where experts answer questions and follow-up questions from the other field, helping each discipline to understand how the other thinks and works. Each chapter is concise and accessible to non-experts-free from disciplinary jargon and highly technical details-but also employs thorough and up-to-date research from experts in the field. The resulting collection should be useful to anyone who wants to get up to speed on the most fundamental issues in the rising field of the neurophilosophy of free will. It will interest experts from philosophy or neuroscience who want to learn about the other discipline, students in courses on a host of related topics, and lay readers who are fascinated by these profound issues.
Author : Dale Jamieson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199251452
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (514 download)
Download or read book Morality's Progress written by Dale Jamieson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The summation of nearly three decades of work by a leading figure in environmental ethics and bioethics. The 22 papers are invigoratingly diverse, but together tell a unified story about various aspects of the morality of our relationships to animals and to nature.
Author : Charles Daniel Batson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199355576
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)
Download or read book What's Wrong with Morality? written by Charles Daniel Batson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most works on moral psychology consider morality an unalloyed good. Drawing primarily on social-psychological theory and research, this book looks at morality as a problem. The problem is that we often fail live up to our own moral standards. Why?
Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190290897
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Pyrrhonian Skepticism written by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-07-22 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the history of philosophy, skepticism has posed one of the central challenges of epistemology. Opponents of skepticism--including externalists, contextualists, foundationalists, and coherentists--have focussed largely on one particular variety of skepticism, often called Cartesian or Academic skepticism, which makes the radical claim that nobody can know anything. However, this version of skepticism is something of a straw man, since virtually no philosopher endorses this radical skeptical claim. The only skeptical view that has been truly held--by Sextus, Montaigne, Hume, Wittgenstein, and, most recently, Robert Fogelin--has been Pyrrohnian skepticism. Pyrrhonian skeptics do not assert Cartesian skepticism, but neither do they deny it. The Pyrrhonian skeptics' doubts run so deep that they suspend belief even about Cartesian skepticism and its denial. Nonetheless, some Pyrrhonians argue that they can still hold "common beliefs of everyday life" and can even claim to know some truths in an everyday way. This edited volume presents previously unpublished articles on this subject by a strikingly impressive group of philosophers, who engage with both historical and contemporary versions of Pyrrhonian skepticism. Among them are Gisela Striker, Janet Broughton, Don Garrett, Ken Winkler, Hans Sluga, Ernest Sosa, Michael Williams, Barry Stroud, Robert Fogelin, and Roy Sorensen. This volume is thematically unified and will interest a broad spectrum of scholars in epistemology and the history of philosophy.
Author : Sarah McGrath
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192527967
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)
Download or read book Moral Knowledge written by Sarah McGrath and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compared to other kinds of knowledge, how fragile is our knowledge of morality? Does knowledge of the difference between right and wrong fundamentally differ from knowledge of other kinds, in that it cannot be forgotten? What makes reliable evidence in fundamental moral convictions? And what are the associated problems of using testimony as a source of moral knowledge? Sarah McGrath provides novel answers to these questions and many others, as she investigates the possibilities, sources, and characteristic vulnerabilities of moral knowledge. She also considers whether there is anything wrong with simply outsourcing moral questions to a moral expert and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the method of equilibrium as an account of how we make up our mind about moral questions. Ultimately, McGrath concludes that moral knowledge can be acquired in any of the ways in which we acquire ordinary empirical knowledge. Our efforts to acquire and preserve such knowledge, she argues, are subject to frustration in all of the same ways that our efforts to acquire and preserve ordinary empirical knowledge are.
Author : Thomas Nagel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780195056440
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (564 download)
Download or read book The View From Nowhere written by Thomas Nagel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1989-02-09 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human beings have the unique ability to view the world in a detached way, but at the same time each of us is a particular person in a particular place, each with his own "personal" view of the world. Thomas Nagel's ambitious and lively book tackles this fundamental issue, arguing that our divided nature is the root of a whole range of philosophical problems, touching every aspect of human life. He deals with its manifestations in such fields of philosophy as the mind-body problem, personal identity, knowledge and skepticism, thought and reality, free will, ethics, the relation between moral and other values, the meaning of life, and death.
Author : Mark Schroeder
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199534659
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)
Download or read book Being For written by Mark Schroeder and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-06-05 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mark Schroeder explores the semantic commitments of metaethical expressivism, the heir to the noncognitivist theories of Ayer, Stevenson, and Hare. He shows how to solve many of the open problems facing expressivism, but this only highlights further and deeper problems for the view. Expressivism, he argues, is coherent and interesting, but false.
Author : Tom Dougherty
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192647687
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)
Download or read book The Scope of Consent written by Tom Dougherty and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scope of someone's consent is the range of actions that they permit by giving consent. The Scope of Consent investigates the under-explored question of which normative principle governs the scope of consent. To answer this question, the book's investigation involves taking a stance on what constitutes consent. By appealing to the idea that someone can justify their behaviour by appealing to another person's consent, Dougherty defends the view that consent consists in behaviour that expresses a consent-giver's will for how a consent-receiver behaves. The ultimate conclusion of the book is that the scope of consent is determined by certain evidence that bears on the appropriate interpretation of the consent.
Author : Julia Staffel
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198833717
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)
Download or read book Unsettled Thoughts written by Julia Staffel and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-01-05 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How should thinkers cope with uncertainty? What makes their degrees of belief rational, and how should they reason about uncertain matters? In epistemology, recent research has attempted to answer these questions by developing formal models of ideally rational credences. However, we know from psychological research that perfect rationality is unattainable for human thinkers--and so this raises the question of how rational ideals can apply to human thinkers. A popular reply is that the more a thinker's imperfectly rational credences approximate compliance with norms of ideal rationality, the better. But what exactly does this mean? Why is it better to be less irrational, if we can't ever be completely rational? And what does being closer to ideally rational amount to? If ideal models of rationality are supposed to help us understand the rationality of human, imperfect thinkers, we need answers to these questions. Unsettled Thoughts breaks new ground in the study of rationality in providing these answers: we can explain why it's better to be less irrational, because less irrational degrees of belief are generally more accurate and better at guiding our actions. Moreover, the way in which approximating ideal rationality is beneficial can be made formally precise by using a variety of distance measures that track the benefits of being more rational.
Author : Lynn Nadel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199920753
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)
Download or read book Memory and Law written by Lynn Nadel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-02 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The legal system depends upon memory function in a number of critical ways, including the memories of victims, the memories of individuals who witness crimes or other critical events, the memories of investigators, lawyers, and judges engaged in the legal process, and the memories of jurors. How well memory works, how accurate it is, how it is affected by various aspects of the criminal justice system — these are all important questions. But there are others as well: Can we tell when someone is reporting an accurate memory? Can we distinguish a true memory from a false one? Can memories be selectively enhanced, or erased? Are memories altered by emotion, by stress, by drugs? These questions and more are addressed by Memory and Law, which aims to present the current state of knowledge among cognitive and neural scientists about memory as applied to the law.
