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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (618 download)
Download or read book Sulfate and Acid Resistance of Concrete in the Ground written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780851255002
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (55 download)
Download or read book Sulphate and Acid Resistance of Concrete in the Ground written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Digest discusses the factors responsible for sulphate and acid attack on concrete below ground and recommends the type of cement and quality of concrete to provide resistance. Sites are classified on the basis of their sulphate concentration but recommendations also take into account water movement and acidity and their individual effects on various forms of cast-in-situ and precast constructions. This Digest replaces Digest 250 which is now withdrawn.
Author : Building Research Establishment
Publisher : Bre Press
ISBN 13 : 9781860817540
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (175 download)
Download or read book Concrete in Aggressive Ground written by Building Research Establishment and published by Bre Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This BRE Special Digest provides practical guidance on specifying concrete for use in natural ground and in brownfield locations. The procedures for ground assessment and concrete specification cover the fairly common occurrence of sulfates, sulfides and acids and also the more rarely occurring aggressive carbon dioxide found in some ground and surface waters, which affects concrete foundations and sub-structures. This edition has been revised to reflect thinking and changes to British Standards. It introduces the phenomenon of chemical attack of concrete in the ground, describes modes of chemical attack and discusses the mechanisms of the principal types, including sulfate and acid attack, and the action of aggressive carbon dioxide. It then gives guidance on assessing the chemical aggressiveness of the ground, and recommendations for specifying concrete for general cast-in-situ use in the ground. It also gives recommendations for specifying surface carbonated precast concrete for general use in the ground, and includes design guides for specification of specific precast concrete products, including pipeline systems, box culverts and segmental linings for tunnels and shafts. The guidance applies to both buildings and civil engineering construction.
Author : United States. Bureau of Reclamation
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Concrete Manual written by United States. Bureau of Reclamation and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. Marchand
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203301625
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Sulfate Attack on Concrete written by J. Marchand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-11 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfate Attack on Concrete provides a comprehensive reference to this important subject. It covers: a short history of concrete deterioration due to sulfate attack, the origin of sulfates in concrete, the importance of appropriate concrete processing, forms and physical-chemical mechanisms of concrete deterioration due to sulfates, preventative mea
Author : M. J. Bowley
Publisher : Bre Press
ISBN 13 : 9781860810039
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Sulphate and Acid Attack on Concrete in the Ground written by M. J. Bowley and published by Bre Press. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report takes into account progress in analytical methods and techniques and recommends detailed analytical procedures for accurate and repeatable determinations of sulphates in soil.
Author : Mark Alexander
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400754132
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Performance of Cement-Based Materials in Aggressive Aqueous Environments written by Mark Alexander and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-18 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete and cement-based materials must operate in increasingly aggressive aqueous environments, which may be either natural or industrial. These materials may suffer degradation in which ion addition and/or ion exchange reactions occur, leading to a breakdown of the matrix microstructure and consequent weakening. Sometimes this degradation can be extremely rapid and serious such as in acidic environments, while in other cases degradation occurs over long periods. Consequences of material failure are usually severe – adversely affecting the health and well-being of human communities and disturbing ecological balances. There are also large direct costs of maintaining and replacing deteriorated infrastructure and indirect costs from loss of production during maintenance work, which place a great burden on society. The focus of this book is on addressing issues concerning performance of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments , by way of this State-of-the-Art Report. The book represents the work of many well-known and respected authors who contributed chapters or parts of chapters. Four main themes were addressed: I. Nature and kinetics of degradation and deterioration mechanisms of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments, II. Modelling of deterioration in such environments, III. Test methods to assess performance of cement-based materials in such environments, and which can be used to characterise and rate relative performance and inform long term predictions, IV. Engineering implications and consequences of deterioration in aggressive aqueous environments, and engineering approaches to the problem.
Author : U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Sulfate-resistant Concrete written by U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Building Research Establishment
Publisher : Riba Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859463017
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (63 download)
Download or read book Sulfate Amage to Concrete Floors on Sulfate-Bearing Hardcore written by Building Research Establishment and published by Riba Publishing. This book was released on 2008-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers guidance on the damage to houses and other dwellings caused by sulphate attack to floor slabs resulting from use of sulphate-bearing hardcore. This document highlights several options for procedures for investigation, assessment and remedial measures. This document, prepared by the Building Research Establishment (BRE), provides authoritative guidance on the damage to houses and other dwellings caused by sulphate attack to floor slabs resulting from past use of sulphate-bearing hardcore. Written for local authorities, professionals and homeowners, this document highlights several options for procedures for investigation, assessment and remedial measures.
Author : J.M. Illston
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780419258605
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (586 download)
Download or read book Construction Materials written by J.M. Illston and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-08-30 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised and updated, the third edition of this popular textbook continues to provide a comprehensive coverage of the main construction materials for undergraduate students of civil engineering and construction related courses. It creates an understanding of materials and how they perform through a knowledge of their chemical and physical structure, leading to an ability to judge their behaviour in service and construction. Materials covered include; metals and alloys, concrete, bituminous materials, brickwork and blockwork, polymers and fibre composites. Each material is discussed in terms of: structure; strength and failure; durability; deformation; practice and processing. The sections on concrete, polymers and fibre composites have been significantly revised. Descriptions of important properties are related back to the structure and forward to basic practical considerations. With its wealth of illustrations and reader-friendly style and layout Construction Materials.
Author : John Newman
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008052656X
Total Pages : 1647 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Advanced Concrete Technology Set written by John Newman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-11-06 with total page 1647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the Institute of Concrete Technology's advanced course, this new four volume series is a comprehensive educational and reference resource for the concrete materials technologist. An expert international team of authors from research, academia and industry has been brought together to produce this unique reference source. Each volume deals with different aspects of the properties, composition, uses and testing of concrete. With worked examples, case studies and illustrations throughout, this series will be a key reference for the concrete specialist for years to come. - Expert international authorship ensures the series is authoritative - Case studies and worked examples help the reader apply their knowledge to practice - Comprehensive coverage of the subject gives the reader all the necessary reference material
Author : O. Lynn England
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Sulfate-resistant Concrete: Literature Review written by O. Lynn England and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A limited review of technical literature was made to determine the present state of knowledge concerning: (a) nature and mechaniem of sulfate attack on concrete; (b) methods of minimizing or preventing sulfate attack; and (c) methods of guarding or restoring existing structures affected by sulfate attack. The information obtained showed that, generally, the degree of sulfate attack on a concrete structure is dependent upon: (a) type of cement used; (b quality of concrete with regard to sulfate resistance; (c) local conditions (sulfate concentration in soil and ground water); and (d) surface protection. Before the structure is built, local conditions should be studied to determine the need for using Type II or V, or special cements, or for addition of pozzolans. In sulfate attack is expected, the quality of the concrete is of paramount importance. Surface coatings may be used as a precaution but cannot be substituted for good-quality concrete. After the structure is in place, surface coatings and adequate drainage are the only means of protecting the concrete from sulfate attack. (Author).
Author : Peter Hewlett
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0081007957
Total Pages : 898 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete written by Peter Hewlett and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, Fifth Edition, examines the suitability and durability of different types of cements and concretes, their manufacturing techniques and the role that aggregates and additives play in achieving concrete's full potential of delivering a high-quality, long-lasting, competitive and sustainable product. - Provides a 60% revision over the fourth edition last published in 2004 - Includes updated chapters that represent the latest technological advances in the industry, including, but not exclusive to the production of low-energy cements, cement admixtures and concrete aggregates - Presents expanded coverage of the suitability and durability of materials aggregates and additives
Author : Rumia Tasmim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Acid Sulfate Soil Resistance of Mortar and Concretes Using Modified Bauxite Refinery Residue written by Rumia Tasmim and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acid sulfate soils (ASS) occur naturally and are soils and sediments containing commonly iron sulfides, mostly pyrite. ASS occur mostly, but not always in low-lying coastal areas (≤5m of sea level) where significant concrete infrastructure such as bridges, roads and port facilities exists. The sulfates produced (particularly sulphuric acid) as disturbed ASS oxidise on from air exposure, reacts with concrete often causing premature failures and reduced service life through chemical expansion, fracturing and spalling. In this study Modified Bauxite Refinery Residue (MBRR) are proposed as a part natural sand replacement in mortar and concrete mixes to improve acid sulfate resistance; observed through physical and strength changes under different sulfate solutions. Mortar and concrete blocks were cast having 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% MBRR (by cement wt.) as a sand replacement. Compressive strength tests at 0, 56 and 180days (after 28days curing) under eight different sulfate solutions of: FeSO4, Al2(SO4)3, FeSO4+H2SO4, Al2(SO4)3+H2SO4, MgSO4+FeSO4, MgSO4+Al2(SO4)3, Na2SO4+FeSO4 & Na2SO4+Al2(SO4)3, and H2SO4, Na2SO4, and MgSO4 solutions from the literature. The findings of this study confirm that addition of MBRR in mortars substantially increased test-block compressive strengths in sulfate solutions compared to controls. Compressive strength Increases ranged from 5%-92% for mortar over control specimens, and in addition indicates a descending order of solution aggression of FeSO4+H2SO4, >Al2(SO4)3+MgSO4, >1%H2SO4, >10%Na2SO4, >FeSO4, >FeSO4+MgSO4, ≈Al2(SO4)3+Na2SO4, ≈5% Na2SO4, >Al2(SO4)3+H2SO4, >MgSO4, ≈Al2(SO4)3, and ≈FeSO4+Na2SO4. Moreover, data suggest that an addition rate between 10-15% is most effective, although at times 20% additions were preferable. Furthermore, neutron imaging, and SEM analyses indicate that the main mode of action and increased sulphate resistance is generated through a reduced permeability, thereby reducing sulphate penetration within the matrix. Laser ablation-ICP-MS data also indicate that with increased MBRR sand replacement percentages had reduced sulphate penetration depths. Concrete specimens, showed similar (if somewhat reduced results) to the mortar specimens, with between a 4% to 22% improvement in compressive strengths (except 1 example) compared to 180-days sulphate-solution exposed controls.
Author : Raymond Nen Yong
Publisher : Thomas Telford
ISBN 13 : 9780727730336
Total Pages : 598 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Geoenvironmental Engineering written by Raymond Nen Yong and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 2001 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geoenvironmental engineering contains the collected papers from the third Geoenvironmental Engineering Conference, organised by the British Geotechnical Association and Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University. Authors from around the world have submitted the papers in this volume. They aim to share knowledge and experience to the international geoenvironmental engineering community. The main theme of this third conference is Geoenvironmental Impact Management.
Author : Marios Soutsos
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0727763768
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (277 download)
Download or read book ICE Handbook of Concrete Durability written by Marios Soutsos and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2023-10-24 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ICE Handbook of Concrete Durability, second edition is a comprehensive practical reference for professionals involved in design and maintenance of concrete structures of all types. It is an invaluable guide for construction professionals, including design engineers, consultants and contractors, as well as postgraduate students.
Author : Javed I. Bhatty
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (774 download)
Download or read book Sulfate Resistance of Concrete Using Blended Cements Or Supplementary Cementitious Materials written by Javed I. Bhatty and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report briefly discusses the mechanism of sulfate attack and the role of selected supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in reducing this attack in concrete. The relationship between sulfate resistance and the chemical, physical, and mineralogical composition of SCMs has been elucidated. Based on a number of bench scale studies several models predicting sulfate resistance in fly ash-containing concretes have been cited and discussed. These include the derivations of 1) R factor related to active lime/iron oxide ratio, whereby low R factor values (3.0) favor sulfate resistance, 2) calcium aluminate potential factor (CAP) based on (lime + alumina + iron)/silica ratio and its direct relationship with calculated sulfate equivalent (CSE) to predict sulfate resistance, and 3) oxide durability factor (ODF) as a function of (lime · free lime)/(silica + alumina + iron) ratio, wherein a decrease in ODF corresponds to an increase in sulfate resistance. Although low C3A cement (Type V) is preferred in producing sulfate resistant concrete, replacing cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in large amounts ( 50%) has shown good sulfate resistance even with medium C3A cements. Similarly, the use of 7% silica fume with Type I cement also exhibited improved sulfate resistance compared with plain Type I cement. The report also discusses sulfate resistance of concrete that contained SCMs interground and optimized at the cement plant as compared to mixed at the concrete batch plant. From the very limited data available on the subject, use of interground SCMs with clinker has shown improved sulfate resistance for concrete, primarily attributed to finer and better particle size distribution that enhances the reactivity and reduces the permeability in concrete. The report also cites that the optimization of sulfate should be based on 3-day strength instead of 1-day strength as referred to by ASTM C 563. This may require a higher sulfate addition that can potentially improve sulfate resistance, as the porosity of the system would markedly reduce.
