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Studying Physical Properties Of Deformed Intact And Fractured Rocks By Micro Scale Hydro Mechanical Seismicity Model
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Book Synopsis Studying Physical Properties of Deformed Intact and Fractured Rocks by Micro-scale Hydro-mechanical-seismicity Model by : Samin Raziperchikolaee
Download or read book Studying Physical Properties of Deformed Intact and Fractured Rocks by Micro-scale Hydro-mechanical-seismicity Model written by Samin Raziperchikolaee and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pore pressure variation in an underground formation during hydraulic stimulation of low permeability formations or CO2 sequestration into saline aquifers can induce microseismicity due to fracture generation or pre-existing fracture activation. While the analysis of microseismic data mainly focuses on mapping the location of fractures, the seismic waves generated by the microseismic events also contain information for understanding of fracture mechanisms based on microseismic source analysis. We developed a micro-scale geomechanics, fluid-flow and seismic model that can predict transport and seismic source behavior during rock failure. This model features the incorporation of microseismic source analysis in fractured and intact rock transport properties during possible rock damage and failure. The modeling method considers comprehensive grains and cements interaction through a bonded-particle-model. As a result of grain deformation and microcrack development in the rock sample, forces and displacements in the grains involved in the bond breakage are measured to determine seismic moment tensor. In addition, geometric description of the complex pore structure is regenerated to predict fluid flow behavior of fractured samples. Numerical experiments are conducted for different intact and fractured digital rock samples, representing various mechanical behaviors of rocks and fracture surface properties, to consider their roles on seismic and transport properties of rocks during deformation. Studying rock deformation in detail provides an opportunity to understand the relationship between source mechanism of microseismic events and transport properties of damaged rocks to have a better characterizing of fluid flow behavior in subsurface formations.
Book Synopsis Mechanical and Hydraulic Properties of Rocks Related to Induced Seismicity by : Paul A. Witherspoon
Download or read book Mechanical and Hydraulic Properties of Rocks Related to Induced Seismicity written by Paul A. Witherspoon and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanical and hydraulic properties of fractured rocks are considered with regard to the role they play in induced seismicity. In many cases, the mechanical properties of fractures determine the stability of a rock mass. The problems of sampling and testing these rock discontinuities and interpreting their non-linear behavior are reviewed. Stick slip has been proposed as the failure mechanism in earthquake events. Because of the complex interactions that are inherent in the mechanical behavior of fractured rocks, there seems to be no simple way to combine the deformation characteristics of several sets of fractures when there are significant perturbations of existing conditions. Thus, the more important fractures must be treated as individual components in the rock mass. In considering the hydraulic properties, it has been customary to treat a fracture as a parallel-plate conduit and a number of mathematical models of fracture systems have adopted this approach. Non-steady flow in fractured systems has usually been based on a two-porosity model, which assumes the primary (intergranular) porosity contributes only to storage and the secondary (fracture) porosity contributes only to the overall conductivity. Using such a model, it has been found that the time required to achieve quasi-steady state flow in a fractured reservoir is one or two orders of magnitude greater than it is in a homogeneous system. In essentially all of this work, the assumption has generally been made that the fractures are rigid. However, it is clear from a review of the mechanical and hydraulic properties that not only are fractures easily deformed but they constitute the main flow paths in many rock masses. This means that one must consider the interaction of mechanical and hydraulic effects. A considerable amount of laboratory and field data is now available that clearly demonstrates this stress-flow behavior. Two approaches have been used in attempting to numerically model such behavior: (1) continuum models and (2) discrete models. The continuum approach only needs information as to average values of fracture spacing and material properties. But because of the inherent complexity of fractured rock masses and the corresponding decrease in symmetry, it is difficult to develop an equivalent continuum that will simulate the behavior of the entire system. The discrete approach, on the other hand, requires details of the fracture geometry and material properties of both fractures and rock matrix. The difficulty in obtaining such information has been considered a serious limitation of discrete models, but improved borehole techniques can enable one to obtain the necessary data, at least in shallow systems. The possibility of extending these methods to deeper fracture systems needs more investigation. Such data must be considered when deciding whether to use a continuum or discrete model to represent the interaction of rock and fluid forces in a fractured rock system, especially with regard to the problem of induced seismicity. When one is attempting to alter the pressure distribution in a fault zone by injection or withdrawal of fluids, the extent to which this can be achieved will be controlled in large measure by the behavior of the fractures that communicate with the borehole. Since this is essentially a point phenomena, i.e. the changes will propagate from a relatively small region around the borehole, the use of a discrete model would appear to be preferable.
Book Synopsis Mechanical Behaviour of Rocks Under High Pressure Conditions by : Mitsuhiko Shimada
Download or read book Mechanical Behaviour of Rocks Under High Pressure Conditions written by Mitsuhiko Shimada and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of the mechanical properties of rocks at high pressure and temperature is fundamental not only for material science but also for earth science, such as for solving the mechanism of earthquakes and tectonic processes. For example, physical bases of the earthquake prediction based on the rock mechanics have been proposed, and extensive seismological, geophysical and geochemical observations have been conducted to find precursory phenomena before large earthquakes. However, we cannot help telling for the present that we do not have sufficient knowledge of an effective and reliable method for earthquake prediction. The book is mainly concerned with comprehensive source of information on the mechanical properties and behavior of rocks under high pressure that scans current state-of-the-art knowledge and shows contribution in establishing an experimental basis for the understanding of the mechanism of rock deformation in the earth's interior. The book can be used as textbook for graduate students by university teachers to prepare courses and seminars, and for active scientists and engineers who want to become familiar with a fascinating new field.
Book Synopsis Experimental Rock Mechanics by : Kiyoo Mogi
Download or read book Experimental Rock Mechanics written by Kiyoo Mogi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-11-03 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fracture and flow of rocks under stress and their geophysical and seismological implications raise fundamental questions in rock mechanics, particularly in the areas of tectonophysics and seismology. This text exclusively addresses the deformation and fracture of rock specimens under general triaxial compression, in which all three principal stress
Book Synopsis Mechanics of Fluid-Saturated Rocks by : Yves Gueguen
Download or read book Mechanics of Fluid-Saturated Rocks written by Yves Gueguen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-05-12 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanics of Fluid Saturated Rocks presents a current and comprehensive report on this emerging field that bridges the areas of geology and mechanics. It is of direct interest to a wide spectrum of earth scientists and engineers who are concerned with upper-crust mechanics and fluid movements, the most important fluids being oil and water. This authoritative book is the result of a collaborative effort between scientists in academic institutions and industry. It examines important issues such as subsidence, geological fault formation, earthquake faulting, hydraulic fracturing, transport of fluids, and natural and direct applications. Mechanics of Fluid Saturated Rocks provides a unique interdisciplinary viewpoint, as well as case studies, conclusions, and recommendations for further research. Covers the physical, chemical, and mechanical analysis of porous saturated rock deformation on both large and small scales Discusses the latest developments of importance to engineers and geologists Examines natural and direct applications Includes extensive bibliographies for each chapter
Book Synopsis Numerical Modelling and Analysis of Fluid Flow and Deformation of Fractured Rock Masses by : Xing Zhang
Download or read book Numerical Modelling and Analysis of Fluid Flow and Deformation of Fractured Rock Masses written by Xing Zhang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-05-14 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our understanding of the subsurface system of the earth is becoming increasingly more sophisticated both at the level of the behaviour of its components (solid, liquid and gas) as well as their variations in space and time. The implementation of coupled models is essential for the understanding of an increasing number of natural phenomena and in predicting human impact on these. The growing interest in the relation between fluid flow and deformation in subsurface rock systems that characterise the upper crust has led to increasingly specialized knowledge in many branches of earth sciences and engineering. A multidisciplinary subject dealing with deformation and fluid flow in the subsurface system is emerging. While research in the subject area of faulting, fracturing and fluid flow has led to significant progress in many different areas, the approach has tended to be "reductionist", i.e. involving the isolation and simplification of phenomena so that they may be treated as single physical processes. The reality is that many processes operate together within subsurface systems, and this is particularly true for fluid flow and deformation of fractured rock masses. The aim of this book is to begin to explore how advances in numerical modelling can be applied to understanding the complex phenomena observed in such systems. Although mainly based on original research, the book also includes the fundamental principles and practical methods of numerical modelling, in particular distinct element methods. This volume explores the principles of numerical modelling and the methodologies for some of the most important problems, in addition to providing practical models with detailed discussions on various topics.
Book Synopsis Brittle Deformation of Solid and Granular Materials with Applications to Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faults by : Yehuda Ben-Zion
Download or read book Brittle Deformation of Solid and Granular Materials with Applications to Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faults written by Yehuda Ben-Zion and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-02-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake fault zones exhibit hierarchical damage and granular structures with evolving geometrical and material properties. Understanding how repeated brittle deformation form the structures and how the structures affect subsequent earthquakes is a rich problem involving coupling of various processes that operate over broad space and time scales. The diverse state-of-the-art papers collected here show how insight can come from many fields including statistical physics, structural geology and rock mechanics at large scales; elasticity, friction and nonlinear continuum mechanics at intermediate scales; and fracture mechanics, granular mechanics and surface physics at small scales. This volume will be useful to students and professional researchers from Earth Sciences, Material Sciences, Engineering, Physics and other disciplines, who are interested in the properties of natural fault zones and the processes that occur between and during earthquakes.
Book Synopsis Seismic Forward Modeling of Fractures and Fractured Medium Inversion by : Xiaoqin Cui
Download or read book Seismic Forward Modeling of Fractures and Fractured Medium Inversion written by Xiaoqin Cui and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed book systematically investigates subsurface geological fractures using rock mechanics, geology, and geophysics. Based on geological fracture mechanisms and fracture boundary conditions, it presents new finite-difference equations for the simulation of seismic wave responses to geological fractures, and proposes innovative AVO inversion equations for the accurate estimation of the rock properties of the fractured medium. It employs schematics, snapshots, color images and charts to demonstrate the mechanical characteristics of the fractures, the seismic wave-field response to the fractures, the seismic data attributes of the fractures and the rock properties of the fractures obtained via inversion. It provides a new methodology for enhancing geological fracture detection technology and for the accurate delineation of fractured reservoirs that ultimately benefits reservoir and mining engineers, geologists and geophysicists in terms of optimizing reservoir recovery, well performance and mining safety.
Book Synopsis Fluid-Induced Seismicity by : S. A. Shapiro
Download or read book Fluid-Induced Seismicity written by S. A. Shapiro and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a quantitative introduction to the physics, application, interpretation, and hazard aspects of fluid-induced seismicity, focussing on spatio-temporal dynamics. Including many real data examples, this is a valuable reference for researchers and graduate students of geophysics, geomechanics and petrophysics, and a practical guide for petroleum geoscientists and engineers.
Book Synopsis Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties of Rocks by : Brian Evans
Download or read book Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties of Rocks written by Brian Evans and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1992-08-04 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This festschrift, compiled from the symposium held in honor of W.F. Brace, is a timely overview of fault mechanics and transport properties of rock. State-of-the-art research is presented by internationally recognized experts, who highlight developments in this contemporary area of study subsequent to Bill Brace's pioneering work. Key Features* The strength of brittle rocks* The effects of stress and stress-induced damage on physical properties of rock* Permeability and fluid flow in rocks* The strength of rocks and tectonic processes
Book Synopsis On the Microscale Modeling of Fracture Propagation in Rock by : Ge Gao
Download or read book On the Microscale Modeling of Fracture Propagation in Rock written by Ge Gao and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The study of rock fracturing is a fundamental research topic in rock mechanics and engineering. Discrete element methods are proven to be very capable for describing fracturing and fragmentation processes because, much like real rocks, the numerical materials are composed of assemblages of particles. Nonetheless, correlation macromechanical behaviour to the corresponding origin at the microscale is scarce in the literature. In this study, a systematic analysis is carried out to investigate failure mechanisms taking place in rock mass with special emphasis put on macroscopic deformation processes and the micromechanical origin. Detailed inspection of fracturing behavior of jointed rock mass at the laboratory-scale can allow the implication of the acquired fundamental knowledge of rock fracturing development and failure mechanism extend to the large-scale rock slope instability problems. This thesis is devoted to gain a comprehensive understanding regarding the rock deformation from laboratory‐scale experiments to large‐scale geodynamic processes that leads to an improved design for rock engineering projects.The research results have been submitted or published in refereed journals amounting to 3 journal papers. These papers are compiled to produce 6 chapters in this manuscript-based thesis. The investigation of damage evolution and failure characteristic of rock mass with increased density of initial jointing subjected to confined stress state is first conducted using discrete element method (DEM) to provide a micromechanical description of the mechanisms involved and foster an accurate interpretation and prediction on rock instabilities for advancing the understanding of rock fracturing process during landslide propagation. The rest of the thesis is devoted to modeling the progressive slope failure under seismic loading via discrete element method, aiming to provide new insights into the detailed microresponses and macroresponses of coseismic landslides. Replication of the natural system, the calibration procedure to determine the properties of the discrete elements is in essence for a reasonable numerical simulation, in particular, boundary condition. Thus, quite boundary is used to ensure the seismic wave cannot reflect back to the model. The developed discrete element framework is used to investigate complex dynamic responses of rock slopes, including internal rock damage, energy conversion, dynamic disintegration, and fragment runout. The results of the numerical analysis are compared with field data. The characteristics of dynamic rock fragmentation and the mechanism governing the postfailure fragmented landsliding motions is investigated and displacements, stresses, fracturing behaviour, solid fraction, and fragmentation and fragment shape developing within the transport of rock mass are analyzed. Conclusions and recommendations are made regarding the dynamic rock fragmentation and the mechanisms governing the transport kinematics of seismic-induced landslides"--
Download or read book Geotechnical abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow by : National Research Council
Download or read book Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-27 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific understanding of fluid flow in rock fracturesâ€"a process underlying contemporary earth science problems from the search for petroleum to the controversy over nuclear waste storageâ€"has grown significantly in the past 20 years. This volume presents a comprehensive report on the state of the field, with an interdisciplinary viewpoint, case studies of fracture sites, illustrations, conclusions, and research recommendations. The book addresses these questions: How can fractures that are significant hydraulic conductors be identified, located, and characterized? How do flow and transport occur in fracture systems? How can changes in fracture systems be predicted and controlled? Among other topics, the committee provides a geomechanical understanding of fracture formation, reviews methods for detecting subsurface fractures, and looks at the use of hydraulic and tracer tests to investigate fluid flow. The volume examines the state of conceptual and mathematical modeling, and it provides a useful framework for understanding the complexity of fracture changes that occur during fluid pumping and other engineering practices. With a practical and multidisciplinary outlook, this volume will be welcomed by geologists, petroleum geologists, geoengineers, geophysicists, hydrologists, researchers, educators and students in these fields, and public officials involved in geological projects.
Book Synopsis Scale and Stress Effects on Hydro-mechanical Properties of Fractured Rock Masses by :
Download or read book Scale and Stress Effects on Hydro-mechanical Properties of Fractured Rock Masses written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Micro-seismicity and hydro-mechanics of fractured rock masses by : Valeria Saetta
Download or read book Micro-seismicity and hydro-mechanics of fractured rock masses written by Valeria Saetta and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Un massif rocheux fracturé, dont le comportement géo-hydromécanique a été étudié depuis plusieurs années, a été instrumenté sismiquement. L'intérêt du site réside dans le fait qu'on peut induire artificiellement une charge hydraulique connue et mesurer des déplacements, des pressions hydrauliques sur plusieurs points significatifs. Les résultats des essais in-situ mettent en évidence l'existence d'une micro-sismicité induite par une variation de pression avec une grande repétitivité. A partir des résultats des essais in-situ, a été formulée l'hypothèse que l'activité micro-sismique est associée à l'augmentation de la pression d'eau dans les zones moins perméables du massif rocheux. Une modélisation numérique du site avec la méthode des Eléments Finis a été réalisée pour determiner l'amplitude des variations de contraintes induites par la mise en charge hydraulique et vérifier si elles pouvaient engendrer des sources sismiques. Des échantillons prélevés ont permis de déterminer, en laboratoire, le comportement mécanique de la roche intacte et des joints rocheux et la sismicité associée. il s'avère que les variations de contrainte calculées pour le site ne sont pas suffisantes pour générer la sismicité observée au laboratoire. Une modélisation micromécanique à l'échelle du joint rocheux avec la méthode des Eléments de Contour (Discontinuités de Déplacement) a été réalisée pour simuler le comportement hydro-mécanique tenant compte de la morphologie du joint. Les résultats numériques sont en accord avec les obsenTations de laboratoire et montrent que la mise en charge hydraulique d'un joint rugueux peut engendrer des instabilités lors de l'ouverture des aires de contact compatibles avec la micro-sismicité observée sur le site.
Book Synopsis Experimental Rock Deformation by : Mervyn S. Paterson
Download or read book Experimental Rock Deformation written by Mervyn S. Paterson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1978 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph deals with the part of the field of ex-' perimental rock deformation that is dominated by the phenomena of brittle fracture on one scale or another. Thus a distinction has been drawn between the fields of brittle und ductile behaviour in rock, corresponding more or less to a distinction between the phenomena of fracture and flow. It is hoped eventually to present a survey of the ductile field in a separate volume. The last chapter of this volume deals with the transition between the two fields. The scope of this survey has been limited to the mec.hanical properties of rock viewed as a material on the laboratory scale. Thus, the topic and approach is of a "materials science" kind rather than of a "structures" kind. We are dealing with only one part of the wider field of rock mechanics, which also includes structural or boundary value problems, for example, those of the stability of slopes, the collapse of mine openings, earth quakes, the folding of stratified rock, and the convec tive motion of the earth's mantle. One topic thus ex cluded is the role of jointing, which it is commonly necessary to take into account in applications in engi neering and mining, and probably often in geology too.
Book Synopsis Alteration of Fractured Rocks Due to Coupled Chemical and Mechanical Processes by : Pasha Ameli
Download or read book Alteration of Fractured Rocks Due to Coupled Chemical and Mechanical Processes written by Pasha Ameli and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering activities such as enhanced geothermal energy production and improved oil recovery techniques are heavily dependent on the permeability of the subsurface, while others such as CO2 sequestration and nuclear waste disposal rely on the efficiency of rock formations as transport barriers. In either case fractures provide the main pathways for fluid flow and transport, especially in rocks with lower matrix porosity. Laboratory experiments aimed at quantifying the chemo-mechanical responses of fractures have shown a range of results, some of which contradict simple conceptual models. For example, under conditions favoring mineral dissolution, where one would expect an overall increase in permeability, experiments show that permeability increases under some conditions and decreases under others. Recent experiments have attempted to link these core-scale observations to the relevant small-scale processes occurring within fractures. Results suggest that the loss of mechanical strength in asperities due to chemical alteration may cause non-uniform deformation and alteration of fracture apertures. However, due to the lack of direct micro-scale measurements of the coupled chemical and mechanical processes that lead to alteration of contacting fracture surfaces, our ability to predict the long-term evolution of fractures is still limited. To explore the processes that control permeability evolution, I developed a computational model that uses micro-scale surface roughness and explicitly couples dissolution and elastic deformation to calculate local alterations in fracture aperture under chemical and mechanical stresses. A depth-averaged algorithm of fracture flow is used to model reactive transport and chemical alteration of the fracture surfaces. Then, I deform the resulting altered fracture-surfaces using an algorithm that calculates the elastic deformation. The results of the model are compared with flow-through experiments conducted on fractured limestone. The fracture apertures are mapped before and after the experiments. These detailed aperture measurements are used as input to the new coupled model. The experiments cover a wide range of transport and reaction conditions; some exhibited negligible reaction-induced deformation and formation of distinct dissolution channels and others more uniform dissolution and measurable deformation caused by dissolution. Simulation results predict these general trends and the small-scale details in regions of contacting asperities.
