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Study Of Solid Deposition Phenomena And Fluid Properties Of Alaska North Slope Crude Oil Gas To Liquid Products And Their Blends For Transportation Through The Trans Alaska Pipeline System
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Book Synopsis Study of Solid Deposition Phenomena and Fluid Properties of Alaska North Slope Crude Oil, Gas-to-liquid Products and Their Blends for Transportation Through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System by : Cajetan Eneberi Ijeomah
Download or read book Study of Solid Deposition Phenomena and Fluid Properties of Alaska North Slope Crude Oil, Gas-to-liquid Products and Their Blends for Transportation Through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System written by Cajetan Eneberi Ijeomah and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Earlier studies on the options for utilization of Alaska North Slope (ANS) gas had indicated that it is economical to convert the gas to Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) products, blend it with the ANS crude oil and transport the resulting liquid through the existing Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) to monetize the stranded gas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of blending ANS crude oil with a GTL sample acquired from BP Alaska Inc. (BPGTL). Solid deposition phenomena and fluid properties of ANS crude oil, BPGTL and their blends were studied. The blends of BPGTL and ANS crude oil would require less pumping pressure. It is concluded from this study that the possibility of vapor and wax formation is precluded during transportation of the blends, and that asphaltene deposition is a potential major problem in blending ANS crude oil with BPGTL"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Operational Challenges in Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) Transportation Through Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). by : Santanu Khataniar
Download or read book Operational Challenges in Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) Transportation Through Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). written by Santanu Khataniar and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil production from Alaskan North Slope oil fields has steadily declined. In the near future, ANS crude oil production will decline to such a level (200,000 to 400,000 bbl/day) that maintaining economic operation of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) will require pumping alternative products through the system. Heavy oil deposits in the West Sak and Ugnu formations are a potential resource, although transporting these products involves addressing important sedimentation issues. One possibility is the use of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) technology. Estimated recoverable gas reserves of 38 trillion cubic feet (TCF) on the North Slope of Alaska can be converted to liquid with GTL technology and combined with the heavy oils for a product suitable for pipeline transport. Issues that could affect transport of this such products through TAPS include pumpability of GTL and crude oil blends, cold restart of the pipeline following a prolonged winter shutdown, and solids deposition inside the pipeline. This study examined several key fluid properties of GTL, crude oil and four selected blends under TAPS operating conditions. Key measurements included Reid Vapor Pressure, density and viscosity, PVT properties, and solids deposition. Results showed that gel strength is not a significant factor for the ratios of GTL-crude oil blend mixtures (1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4) tested under TAPS cold re-start conditions at temperatures above - 20 F, although Bingham fluid flow characteristics exhibited by the blends at low temperatures indicate high pumping power requirements following prolonged shutdown. Solids deposition is a major concern for all studied blends. For the commingled flow profile studied, decreased throughput can result in increased and more rapid solid deposition along the pipe wall, resulting in more frequent pigging of the pipeline or, if left unchecked, pipeline corrosion.
Book Synopsis Economic Evaluation of Gas to Liquids (GTL), Crude Oil Commingled Product Transportation Through the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) by : Adejoke Motunrayo Ibironke
Download or read book Economic Evaluation of Gas to Liquids (GTL), Crude Oil Commingled Product Transportation Through the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) written by Adejoke Motunrayo Ibironke and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Alaska North Slope is a potential candidate for the Gas to Liquid (GTL) technology. With over 38 TCF of natural gas reserves stranded on the Alaska North Slope, the GTL technology is considered as a possible method of harnessing the abundant resources. GTL fuels are environmentally friendly (sulfur free) with better ignition and burning properties than conventional petroleum products from crude oil. Economic evaluation using Rate of Return analysis and the Net Present Value (NPV) to identify the most favorable commingled mode for the transportation of the GTL products was performed. The Crystal Ball software was also used to run sensitivity analysis by using the probabilistic approach to give a clear view of the various scenarios on the project economics. Evaluating the options of transporting GTL products as a blend (Commingled) with the Alaska North Slope Crude Oil through the existing Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) is the main focus of this study"--Leaf iv.
Book Synopsis Measurement and Prediction of Wax Precipitation for Alaskan North Slope Crude Oil Transported in the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System by : Richard Mark Roehner
Download or read book Measurement and Prediction of Wax Precipitation for Alaskan North Slope Crude Oil Transported in the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System written by Richard Mark Roehner and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A novel application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy was used to measure the wax precipitation temperature and estimate the weight percent precipitated solid versus temperature, of a sample of the combined stream Alaska North Slope crude oil, transported by the Trans Alaska Pipeline System. The wax precipitation temperature, and weight percent precipitated solid determined by FT-IR for the Alaska North Slope crude oil sample were compared with wax precipitation and weight percent precipitated solid versus temperature values generated from conventional analysis methods, including cross-polarized microscopy, viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and centrifugation. The capability of the FT-IR method to determine the wax precipitation temperature and weight percent precipitated solid versus temperature was demonstrated by analysis of a Model Oil system with known solid-liquid equilibria. The experimental values for Alaska North Slope crude oil wax precipitation temperature, weight percent precipitated solid versus temperature, and precipitated solids composition were compared with results of predictive modeling. True Boiling Point and Single Carbon Number characterization of the ANS crude oil and derived crude oil solids were developed from distillation and chromatographic analyses for input to predictive models, which included an equation of state, and an activity coefficient model. Poor agreement were observed between experimental and predicted values for weight percent precipitated solid versus temperature, and precipitated crude oil solids composition for the combined stream Alaska North crude oil analyzed. Blending of gas condensate (C4 through C) liquids (10 vol %) with an individual North Slope crude oil delivered to the Trans Alaska Pipeline produced a 7C̊ decrease in the wax precipitation temperature measured by FT-IR, and increased precipitation of solids at temperatures below 0C̊ estimated by both FT-IR and centrifugation. Investigation of asphaltene contents of precipitated solids shows that co-precipitation of asphaltene solids is suggested to occur in the combined stream Alaska North Slope crude oil since the experimentally determined asphaltene content of the precipitated crude oil solids do not decrease with decreasing occluded oil content"--Leaves [iv]-v.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Phase Behavior and Reservoir Fluid Properties in Support of Wax Deposition Study of Alaska North Slope (ANS) Crude Oils by : Vijay Balwant Kulkarni
Download or read book Analysis of Phase Behavior and Reservoir Fluid Properties in Support of Wax Deposition Study of Alaska North Slope (ANS) Crude Oils written by Vijay Balwant Kulkarni and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An experimental study was conducted to quantify the phase behavior and physical properties of Alaskan North Slope stock tank and live crude oils. Measurement of molecular weight, gas-oil ratio, and constant composition expansion and differential liberation tests were conducted on these samples. Phase behavior and reservoir fluid properties of the live oil samples were modeled using the Peng-Robinson Equation-of-State (EOS). The Peng-Robinson EOS was tuned with experimental data to predict the phase behavior accurately. The results of the modeling yielded a satisfactory match with measured saturation pressure and solution gas-oil ratio. This tuned EOS can be incorporated into the compositional reservoir simulator for field scale simulations of Alaska North Slope. The phase envelope obtained from this tuned PR-EOS when combined with wax phase envelope can help to design the production PT pathway. The measured gas-oil ratio of the bottomhole samples was compared to the crude oil composition and showed that higher the composition of C5-C10 in crude oil, greater is the gas-oil ratio"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Gas-to-liquids Transportation Through Trans Alaska Pipeline System by : Sirisha Nerella
Download or read book Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Gas-to-liquids Transportation Through Trans Alaska Pipeline System written by Sirisha Nerella and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology involves the conversion of natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons. In this study, theoretical studies have been presented to determine the feasibility of transporting GTL products through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). To successfully transport GTL through TAPS, heat loss along the route must be carefully determined. This study presents heat transfer and fluid dynamic calculations to evaluate this feasibility. Because of heat loss, the fluid temperature decreases in the direction of flow and this affects the fluid properties, which in turn influence convection coefficient and pumping power requirements. The temperature and heat loss distribution along the pipeline at different locations have been calculated. Fairly good agreement with measured oil temperatures is observed. The powers required to pump crude oil and GTL individually, against various losses have been calculated. Two GTL transportation modes have been considered; one as a pure stream of GTL and the second as a commingled mixture with crude oil. These results show that the pumping power and heat loss for GTL are less than that of the crude oil for the same volumetric flow rate. Therefore, GTL can be transported through TAPS using existing equipment at pump stations"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Phase Behavior, Solid Organic Precipitation, and Mobility Characterization Studies in Support of Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery on the Alaska North Slope by :
Download or read book Phase Behavior, Solid Organic Precipitation, and Mobility Characterization Studies in Support of Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery on the Alaska North Slope written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The medium-heavy oil (viscous oil) resources in the Alaska North Slope are estimated at 20 to 25 billion barrels. These oils are viscous, flow sluggishly in the formations, and are difficult to recover. Recovery of this viscous oil requires carefully designed enhanced oil recovery processes. Success of these recovery processes is critically dependent on accurate knowledge of the phase behavior and fluid properties, especially viscosity, of these oils under variety of pressure and temperature conditions. This project focused on predicting phase behavior and viscosity of viscous oils using equations of state and semi-empirical correlations. An experimental study was conducted to quantify the phase behavior and physical properties of viscous oils from the Alaska North Slope oil field. The oil samples were compositionally characterized by the simulated distillation technique. Constant composition expansion and differential liberation tests were conducted on viscous oil samples. Experiment results for phase behavior and reservoir fluid properties were used to tune the Peng-Robinson equation of state and predict the phase behavior accurately. A comprehensive literature search was carried out to compile available compositional viscosity models and their modifications, for application to heavy or viscous oils. With the help of meticulously amassed new medium-heavy oil viscosity data from experiments, a comparative study was conducted to evaluate the potential of various models. The widely used corresponding state viscosity model predictions deteriorate when applied to heavy oil systems. Hence, a semi-empirical approach (the Lindeloff model) was adopted for modeling the viscosity behavior. Based on the analysis, appropriate adjustments have been suggested: the major one is the division of the pressure-viscosity profile into three distinct regions. New modifications have improved the overall fit, including the saturated viscosities at low pressures. However, with the limited amount of geographically diverse data, it is not possible to develop a comprehensive predictive model. Based on the comprehensive phase behavior analysis of Alaska North Slope crude oil, a reservoir simulation study was carried out to evaluate the performance of a gas injection enhanced oil recovery technique for the West Sak reservoir. It was found that a definite increase in viscous oil production can be obtained by selecting the proper injectant gas and by optimizing reservoir operating parameters. A comparative analysis is provided, which helps in the decision-making process.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Alaska North Slope Oils for Wax Deposition by : Okechukwu Ndubuisi Anyanwu
Download or read book Characterization of Alaska North Slope Oils for Wax Deposition written by Okechukwu Ndubuisi Anyanwu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Wax deposition during crude oil production is a major problem that has plagued the oil industry for decades especially in cold environments such as Alaska North Slope (ANS) fields, with adverse consequences in huge mitigation cost and lost production. It is therefore imperative to adequately and accurately identify the conditions for wax precipitation and deposition in order to optimize operation of the production systems of ANS. In order to assess ANS crude's potential for wax precipitation, Viscometry and Cross Polarization Microscopy (CPM) are used to determine the temperature at which paraffins begin to precipitate from ANS dead oils. Wax dissolution temperatures (WDT) are also determined by CPM. Results show that wax precipitation is possible at temperatures as high as 41°C (106°F) while it takes up to 50°C (122°F) to get all waxes back into solution. The CPM technique was more sensitive while Viscometry results did not provide a high level of certainty in some samples and therefore appear over-estimated relative to CPM results. Previous thermal history was observed to influence test results. Pour point, viscosity, density and specific gravity have also been measured. Pour point results indicate that oil could form gel in the temperature range 12°C (53.6°C) to less than -31°C (-23.8°F)"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis HTGC Comparison of Crude Oil Solids from the Trans Alaska Pipeline System by : Richard M. Roehner
Download or read book HTGC Comparison of Crude Oil Solids from the Trans Alaska Pipeline System written by Richard M. Roehner and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wax Deposition written by Zhenyu Huang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wax Deposition: Experimental Characterizations, Theoretical Modeling, and Field Practices covers the entire spectrum of knowledge on wax deposition. The book delivers a detailed description of the thermodynamic and transport theories for wax deposition modeling as well as a comprehensive review of laboratory testing for the establishment of appropr
Book Synopsis Flow Assurance Solids in Oil and Gas Production by : Jon Steinar Gudmundsson
Download or read book Flow Assurance Solids in Oil and Gas Production written by Jon Steinar Gudmundsson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-13 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The precipitation and deposition of solids are a major challenge in the production of oil and gas. Flow assurance solids are formed because of unavoidable changes in temperature, pressure and composition of the oil-gas-water flowstream, from reservoir conditions to processing conditions. The advent of subsea production and the increased exploitation of heavy crudes have made flow assurance issues dominant in ensuring efficient and safe exploitation of hydrocarbon assets. Five troublesome flow assurance solids are described in the book: asphaltene, paraffin wax, natural gas hydrate, naphthenate and inorganic scale. These big-five solids are presented in stand-alone chapters. Each chapter is designed to be readable without clutter. Derivations of equations and descriptions of supporting details are given in several appendices. The book is intended for professional engineers and natural scientist working in E&P companies, engineering companies, service companies and specialized companies. An understanding of the big-five solids is required throughout the lifetime of oil and gas assets, from early development to abandonment. The technical, safety and environmental risks associated with deposition problems in near-wellbore formations, production tubing, wellhead equipment, flowlines and processing facilities, are relevant for decisions in the oil and gas industry and in outside regulatory and financial entities.
Author :United States. Congress Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781984259721 Total Pages :144 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (597 download)
Book Synopsis Low Pressure Liquid Pipelines in the North Slope, Greater Prudhoe Bay, Alaska by : United States. Congress
Download or read book Low Pressure Liquid Pipelines in the North Slope, Greater Prudhoe Bay, Alaska written by United States. Congress and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-27 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low pressure liquid pipelines in the North Slope, Greater Prudhoe Bay, Alaska : hearing before the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, September 13, 2006.
Book Synopsis Oil and gas seeps in Alaska by : Donald P. Blasko
Download or read book Oil and gas seeps in Alaska written by Donald P. Blasko and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Review of the Emulsification Tendencies and Long-term Petroleum Trends of Alaska North Slope (ANS) Oils and the White Paper on Emulsification of ANS Crude Oil Spilled in Valdez by : Mervin F. Fingas
Download or read book A Review of the Emulsification Tendencies and Long-term Petroleum Trends of Alaska North Slope (ANS) Oils and the White Paper on Emulsification of ANS Crude Oil Spilled in Valdez written by Mervin F. Fingas and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the potential for formation and the stability of emulsions of Alaska North Slope (ANS) oils, the change in weight of these oils, and the report prepared by S.L. Ross Environmental Research Ltd. on these topics.
Book Synopsis Guidelines for the Seismic Design of Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems by :
Download or read book Guidelines for the Seismic Design of Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska's North Slope by : National Research Council
Download or read book Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska's North Slope written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-09-04 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book identifies accumulated environmental, social and economic effects of oil and gas leasing, exploration, and production on Alaska's North Slope. Economic benefits to the region have been accompanied by effects of the roads, infrastructure and activies of oil and gas production on the terrain, plants, animals and peoples of the North Slope. While attempts by the oil industry and regulatory agencies have reduced many of the environmental effects, they have not been eliminated. The book makes recommendations for further environmental research related to environmental effects.
Book Synopsis The Dispersion of Alaska North Slope Oil in Wave Basin Tests by : H. M. Brown
Download or read book The Dispersion of Alaska North Slope Oil in Wave Basin Tests written by H. M. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
