Study of Bbar to Xu L Nubar Decays in BBbar Events Tagged by a Fully Reconstructed B-meson Decay and Determination of

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Study of Bbar to Xu L Nubar Decays in BBbar Events Tagged by a Fully Reconstructed B-meson Decay and Determination of by :

Download or read book Study of Bbar to Xu L Nubar Decays in BBbar Events Tagged by a Fully Reconstructed B-meson Decay and Determination of written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report measurements of partial branching fractions for inclusive charmless semileptonic B decays {bar B} → X{sub u}l{bar {nu}}, and the determination of the CKM matrix element.

Measurement of the Branching Fractions of Bbar -] D** L^- Nubar_l Decays in Events Tagged by a Fully Reconstructed B Meson

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
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Book Synopsis Measurement of the Branching Fractions of Bbar -] D** L^- Nubar_l Decays in Events Tagged by a Fully Reconstructed B Meson by :

Download or read book Measurement of the Branching Fractions of Bbar -] D** L^- Nubar_l Decays in Events Tagged by a Fully Reconstructed B Meson written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report a measurement of the branching fractions of {bar B} 2!D** l−{bar {nu}}{sub l} decays based on 417 fb−1 of data collected at the [Upsilon](4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II ee− storage rings. Events are selected by fully reconstructing one of the B mesons in a hadronic decay mode. A fit to the invariant mass differences m(D{sup (*)})-m(D{sup (*)}) is performed to extract the signal yields of the different D** states. We observe the {bar B} 2!D**{ell}−{bar {nu}}{sub {ell}} decay modes corresponding to the four D** states predicted by Heavy Quark Symmetry with a significance greater than six standard deviations including systematic uncertainties.

Measurement of the Relative Branching Fractions of Bbar to D/D*/D** L- Nubar_l Decays in Events with a Fully Reconstructed B Meson

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis Measurement of the Relative Branching Fractions of Bbar to D/D*/D** L- Nubar_l Decays in Events with a Fully Reconstructed B Meson by :

Download or read book Measurement of the Relative Branching Fractions of Bbar to D/D*/D** L- Nubar_l Decays in Events with a Fully Reconstructed B Meson written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We determine the relative branching fractions of semileptonic B decays to charmed final states. The measurement is performed on the recoil from a fully reconstructed B meson in a sample of 362 million B{bar B} pairs collected at the [Upsilon](4S) resonance with the BABAR detector. A simultaneous fit to a set of discriminating variables is performed on a sample of {bar B} → DXl−{bar {nu}}{sub {ell}} decays to determine the contributions from the different channels.

Search for the Rare Decay of a B Meson Into a Lambda Baryon, Proton and Neutrino-antineutrino Pair at the BABAR and Belle II Experiments

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Search for the Rare Decay of a B Meson Into a Lambda Baryon, Proton and Neutrino-antineutrino Pair at the BABAR and Belle II Experiments by : Robert Seddon

Download or read book Search for the Rare Decay of a B Meson Into a Lambda Baryon, Proton and Neutrino-antineutrino Pair at the BABAR and Belle II Experiments written by Robert Seddon and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We present two analyses of the rare B- -> Lambda pbar nu nubar decay. Within the Standard Model, the process B- -> Lambda pbar nu nubar is permitted but highly suppressed, with an expected branching fraction of (7.9 +/- 1.9) x 10^-7. This rarity makes it a sensitive probe for the existence of new physics, which may be discoverable in the form of a higher than predicted branching fraction.The first analysis is conducted on data collected at the BABAR experiment, which ran from 1999-2008. BABAR collected 433 fb^-1 of integrated luminosity at the Upsilon(4S) resonance; Upsilon(4S) decays almost exclusively into B-Bbar pairs, and this analysis uses hadronic tag reconstruction to fully reconstruct one of the B-mesons in this pair. The search for B- -> Lambda pbar nu nubar is then conducted among the decay products of the second, unreconstructed B-meson. Using both real data and Monte Carlo simulations, we develop and implement a signal selection that selects candidates conforming to the expected characteristics of B- -> Lambda pbar nu nubar decays. The result of the analysis is an upper limit on the branching fraction at the 90% confidence level of 3.02 x 10^-5. This is the world's first experimental result in the search for B- -> Lambda pbar nu nubar decays.The second analysis is conducted on Monte Carlo simulations of data that will be collected at Belle II, the world's only next-generation B-meson facility. Over its lifetime Belle II will collect 50 ab^-1 of data, approximately 100 times that of BABAR. This increase in data, along with more capable hardware and software, should allow Belle II to search for B- -> Lambda pbar nu nubar decays with greater sensitivity than BABAR. Using a simulated dataset equivalent in size to that used in our BABAR study, we employ Full Event Interpretation to fully reconstruct the decay of one B-meson in each B-Bbar pair, and conduct our signal selection in the remainder of the data. The result of the analysis is a predicted upper limit on the branching fraction at the 90% confidence level of 1.2 x 10^-4. A comparison of the Belle II and BABAR results highlights several areas where Belle II will need to improve in order to make best use of its projected dataset"--

Study of B --]ulnu-bar Decays on the Recoil of Fully Reconstructed B Mesons and Determination of [verticalVub[vertical

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Study of B --]ulnu-bar Decays on the Recoil of Fully Reconstructed B Mesons and Determination of [verticalVub[vertical by :

Download or read book Study of B --]ulnu-bar Decays on the Recoil of Fully Reconstructed B Mesons and Determination of [verticalVub[vertical written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No abstract prepared.

A Measurement of the Branching Fractions Ofexclusive Bbar to D(*)(pi)lnu Decays in Events with a Fully Reconstructed BMeson

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis A Measurement of the Branching Fractions Ofexclusive Bbar to D(*)(pi)lnu Decays in Events with a Fully Reconstructed BMeson by :

Download or read book A Measurement of the Branching Fractions Ofexclusive Bbar to D(*)(pi)lnu Decays in Events with a Fully Reconstructed BMeson written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors report a measurement of the branching fractions for {bar B} → D{sup (*)}?l−{bar ?}{sub l} decays based on 341.1 fb−1 of data collected at the ?(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e− storage rings. Events are tagged by fully reconstructing one of the B mesons in a hadronic decay mode. The obtain ?(B− → D°l−{bar ?}{sub l}) = (2.33 ± 0.09{sub stat.} ± 0.09{sub syst.})%, ?(B− → D*°l−{bar ?}{sub l}) = 5.83 ± 0.15{sub stat.} ± 0.30{sub syst.}%, ?({bar B}° → D+l−{bar ?}{sub l}) = (2.21 ± 0.11{sub stat.} ± 0.12{sub syst.})% ?({bar B}° → D*+l−{bar ?}{sub l}) = 5.49 ± 0.16{sub stat.} ± 0.25{sub syst.}%, ?(B− → D+?−l−{bar ?}{sub l}) = (0.42 ± 0.06{sub stat.} ± 0.03{sub syst.})%, ?(B− → D*+ ?−l−{bar ?}{sub l}) = (0.59 ± 0.05{sub stat.} ± 0.04{sub syst.})%, ?({bar B}° → D°?+l−{bar ?}{sub l}) = (0.43 ± 0.08{sub stat.} ± 0.03{sub syst.})% and ?({bar B}° → D*° ?+l−{bar ?}{sub l}) = (0.48 ± 0.08{sub stat.} ± 0.04{sub syst.})%.

The Search for Rare Non-hadronic B-meson Decays with Final-state Neutrinos Using the BaBar Detector

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (846 download)

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Book Synopsis The Search for Rare Non-hadronic B-meson Decays with Final-state Neutrinos Using the BaBar Detector by : Dana Lindemann

Download or read book The Search for Rare Non-hadronic B-meson Decays with Final-state Neutrinos Using the BaBar Detector written by Dana Lindemann and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis presents the searches for two rare B meson decays: the radiative leptonic decay B+ -> l+ nu gamma (l = e, mu) and the flavor-changing neutral current B -> K(*) nu nubar. These searches use the full dataset collected by the BaBar experiment, which corresponds to almost 500 million BB pairs. After fully reconstructing the hadronic decay of one of the B mesons in Upsilon(4S) -> BB decays, evidence of B+ -> l+ nu gamma or B -> K(*) nu nubar is looked for in the rest of the event. No significant evidence of either signal decay is observed. Model-independent branching-fraction upper limits are set at BR(B ->e nu gamma)17 x10 {-6}, BR(B -mu nu gamma)24 x10 {-6}, and BR(B -l nu gamma)15.6 x10 {-6}, all at the 90% confidence level. These are currently the most stringent published upper limits for B+ - l+ nu gamma. In addition, branching-fraction upper limits are set at BR(B -> K+ nu nubar)3.7 x10 {-5}, BR(B - K0 nu nubar)8.0 x10 {-5}, BR(B - K*+ nu nubar)11.5 x10 {-5}, and BR(B - K*0 nu nubar)9.2 x10 {-5}, all at the 90% confidence level. For additional sensitivity to New Physics contributions, partial B - K(*) nu nubar branching-fraction upper limits are also determined over the full kinematic range." --

Search for Bbar to Lambda_c+ X L- Nu Decays in Events with a Fully Reconstructed B Meson

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Search for Bbar to Lambda_c+ X L- Nu Decays in Events with a Fully Reconstructed B Meson by :

Download or read book Search for Bbar to Lambda_c+ X L- Nu Decays in Events with a Fully Reconstructed B Meson written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a search for semileptonic B decays to the charmed baryon [Lambda]{sub c} based on 420 fb−1 of data collected at the [Upsilon](4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e− storage rings. By fully reconstructing the recoiling B in a hadronic decay mode, we reduce non-B backgrounds and determine the flavor of the signal B. We statistically correct the flavor for the effect of the B° mixing. We obtain a 90% confidence level upper limit of [Beta]({bar B} 2![Lambda]{sub c}+ Xl− {bar [nu]}{sub l})/[Beta]({bar B} 2![Lambda]{sub c}+ X)

Study of B --]ulnu-bar Decays on the Recoil of Fully Reconstructed B Mesons and Determination of

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis Study of B --]ulnu-bar Decays on the Recoil of Fully Reconstructed B Mesons and Determination of by :

Download or read book Study of B --]ulnu-bar Decays on the Recoil of Fully Reconstructed B Mesons and Determination of written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A MEASUREMENT OF THE LIFETIME AND MIXING FREQUENCY OF NEUTRAL B MESONS WITH SEMILEPTONIC DECAYS IN THE BABAR DETECTOR.

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Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis A MEASUREMENT OF THE LIFETIME AND MIXING FREQUENCY OF NEUTRAL B MESONS WITH SEMILEPTONIC DECAYS IN THE BABAR DETECTOR. by :

Download or read book A MEASUREMENT OF THE LIFETIME AND MIXING FREQUENCY OF NEUTRAL B MESONS WITH SEMILEPTONIC DECAYS IN THE BABAR DETECTOR. written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neutral B meson, consisting of a b quark and an anti-d quark, can mix (oscillate) to its own anti-particle through second-order weak interactions. The measurement of the mixing frequency can constrain the quark mixing matrix in the Standard Model of particle physics. The PEP-II B-factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center provides a very large data sample that enables us to make measurements with much higher precisions than previous measurements, and to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. The lifetime of the neutral B meson[tau][sub B0] and the B[sup 0]-[bar B][sup 0] mixing frequency[Delta]m[sub d] are measured with a sample of approximately 14,000 exclusively reconstructed B[sup 0][yields] D*[sup -][ell][sup+][nu][sub[ell]] signal events, selected from 23 million B[bar B] pairs recorded at the[Upsilon](4S)resonance with the BABAR detector at the asymmetric-energy e[sup+]e[sup -] collider, PEP-II. The decay position of the exclusively reconstructed B is determined by the charged tracks in the final state, and its b-quark flavor at the time of decay is known unambiguously from the charge of the lepton. The decay position of the other B is determined inclusively, and its b-quark flavor at the time of decay is determined (tagged) with the charge of tracks in the final state, where identified leptons or kaons give the most information. The decay time difference of two B mesons in the event is calculated from the distance between their decay vertices and the Lorentz boost of the center of mass. Additional samples of approximately 50,000 events are selected for studies of background events. The lifetime and mixing frequency, along with wrong-tag probabilities and the time-difference resolution function, are measured simultaneously with an unbinned maximum-likelihood fit that uses, for each event, the measured difference in B decay times ([Delta]t), the calculated uncertainty on[Delta]t, the signal and background probabilities, and b-quark tagging for the other B meson. The results are[tau][sub B[sup 0]]= (1.523[sub -0.023][sup+0.024][+-] 0.022) ps and[Delta]m[sub d]= (0.492[+-] 0.018[+-] 0.013) ps[sup -1], where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. The statistical correlation coefficient between[tau][sub B[sup 0]] and[Delta]m[sub d] is -0.22. This result is consistent with the current world average values, the total errors are comparable with other most-precise measurements.

Study of B Meson Decays to Ppbarh Final States

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)

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Book Synopsis Study of B Meson Decays to Ppbarh Final States by : Tetiana B. Hryn'ova

Download or read book Study of B Meson Decays to Ppbarh Final States written by Tetiana B. Hryn'ova and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: B mesons are unique among well-established non-quarkonium mesons in their ability to decay into baryons. Baryonic B decays offer a wide range of interesting areas of study: they can be used to test our theoretical understanding of rare decay processes involving baryons, search for direct CP violation and study low-energy QCD. This thesis presents measurements of branching fractions and a study of the decay dynamics of the charmless three-body decays of B meson into p{bar p}h final states, where h = {pi}{sup +}, K{sup +}, K{sub S}{sup 0}, K*{sup 0} or K*{sup +}. With a sample of 232 million {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} events collected with the BaBar detector, we report the first observation of the B {yields} p{bar p}K*{sup 0} decay, and provide improved measurements of branching fractions of the other modes. The distribution of the three final-state particles is of particular interest since it provides dynamical information on the possible presence of exotic intermediate states such as the hypothetical pentaquark states {Theta}*{sup ++} and {Theta}{sup +}in the m{sub pK{sup +}} and m{sub pK{sub S}{sup 0}} spectra, respectively, or glueball states (such as the tensor glueball f{sub J}(2220)) in the m{sub p{bar p}} spectrum. No evidence for exotic states is found and upper limits on the branching fractions are set. An enhancement at low p{bar p} mass is observed in all the B {yields} p{bar p}h modes, and its shape is compared between the decay modes and with the shape of the time-like proton form factor. A Dalitz plot asymmetry in B {yields} p{bar p}K{sup +} mode suggests dominance of the penguin amplitude in this decay and disfavors the possibility that the low mass p{bar p} enhancement originates from the presence of a resonance below threshold (such as the recently seen baryonium candidate at 1835 MeV/c{sup 2}). We also identify decays of the type B {yields} X{sub c{bar c}}h {yields} p{bar p}h, where h = K{sup +}, K{sub S}{sup 0}, K*{sup 0} or K*{sup +}, and X{sub c{bar c}} = {eta}{sub c} or J/{psi}. In particular, we report on the evidence of the B {yields} {eta}{sub c}K*{sup +} decay and provide a measurement of the width of {eta}{sub c}.

Study of Inclusive $B^-$ and $\bar{B}^0$ Decays ToFlavor-Tagged $D$, $D_s$ and $\Lambda_c$

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
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Book Synopsis Study of Inclusive $B^-$ and $\bar{B}^0$ Decays ToFlavor-Tagged $D$, $D_s$ and $\Lambda_c$ by : B. Aubert

Download or read book Study of Inclusive $B^-$ and $\bar{B}^0$ Decays ToFlavor-Tagged $D$, $D_s$ and $\Lambda_c$ written by B. Aubert and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report on a study of inclusive B{sup -} and {bar B}{sup 0} meson decays to D{sup 0}X, {bar D}{sup 0}X, D{sup +}X, D{sup -}X, D{sub s}{sup +}X, D{sub s}{sup -}X, {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}X, {bar {Lambda}}{sub c}{sup -}X, based on a sample of 231 million B{bar B} events recorded with the BABAR detector at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance. Events are selected by completely reconstructing one B and searching for a reconstructed charm particle in the rest of the event. From the measured branching fractions of these decays, we infer the number of charm and anti-charm particles per {bar B} decay, separately for charged and neutral parents. We derive the total charm yield per B{sup -} decay, n{sub c}{sup -} = 1.202 {+-} 0.023 {+-} 0.040{sub -0.029}{sup +0.035}, and per {bar B}{sup 0} decay, n = 1.193 {+-} 0.030 {+-} 0.034{sub -0.035}{sup +0.044} where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third reflects the charm branching-fraction uncertainties. We also present the charm momentum distributions measured in the {bar B} rest frame.

B Decays (Revised 2nd Edition)

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814583308
Total Pages : 673 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis B Decays (Revised 2nd Edition) by : Sheldon Stone

Download or read book B Decays (Revised 2nd Edition) written by Sheldon Stone and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994-08-01 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2nd edition is an extensive update of 'B Decays”. The revisions are necessary because of the extensive amount of new data and new theoretical ideas. This book reviews what is known about b-quark decays and also looks at what can be learned in the future.The importance of this research area is increasing, as evidenced by the approval of the luminosity upgrade for CESR and the asymmetric B factories at SLAC and KEK, and the possibility of experiments at hadron colliders.The key experimental observations made thus far, measurement of the lifetimes of the different B species, B0-B0 mixing, the discovery of “Penguin” mediated decays, and the extraction of the CKM matrix elements Vub and Vcb from semileptonic decays, as well as more mundane results, are described in great detail by the experimentalists who have been closely involved with making the measurements. Theoretical progress in understanding b-quark decays using HQET and lattice gauge techniques are described by theorists who have developed and used these techniques.Synthesizing the experimental and theoretical information, several articles discuss the implications for the “Standard Model” and how further tests can be done using measurements of CP violation in the B system.

B Decays

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9789810213305
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis B Decays by : Sheldon Stone

Download or read book B Decays written by Sheldon Stone and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1992 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of b quarks has now reached a stage where it is useful to review what has been learned so far and also to look at the implications of future studies. The most important observations thus far measurement of the B lifetime, B0 B0 mixing, and the observation of b? u transitions, as well as more mundane results on hadronic and semileptonic transitions are described in detail by experimentalists who have been closely involved with the measurements. Theoretical progress in understanding b quark decays, including the mechanisms of hadronic and semileptonic decays, are described. Synthesizing the experimental and theoretical information, the authors discuss tests of the standard model and measurements of standard model parameters. Possibilities of more extensive tests using measurement of CP violation in the B system are also addressed.

Inclusive Semileptonic B Decays at BABAR.

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Inclusive Semileptonic B Decays at BABAR. by :

Download or read book Inclusive Semileptonic B Decays at BABAR. written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors report updates on two analyses of inclusive semileptonic B decays based on a dataset of 89 million B[bar B] events recorded with the BABAR detector at the [Upsilon](4S) resonance. Events are selected by fully reconstructing the decay of one B meson and identifying a charged lepton from the decay of the other [bar B] meson. IN the first analysis, the measurement of the first and second moment of the hadronic mass distribution in Cabibbo-favored [bar B] [yields] X[sub c][ell][bar [nu]] decays allows for the determination of the nonperturbative parameters [bar [Lambda]] and [lambda][sub 1] of Heavy Quark Effective Theory (HQET) and V[sub cb]. In the second analysis, the hadronic mass distribution is used to measure the inclusive charmless semileptonic branching fraction and to determine V[sub ub].

Analysis of B {u2192} ?l? Decays With BaBar

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of B {u2192} ?l? Decays With BaBar by :

Download or read book Analysis of B {u2192} ?l? Decays With BaBar written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the BaBar project at SLAC to study the properties of B mesons, we have carried out a study of the exclusive charmless semileptonic decay mode B → ?l?, which can be used to determine the magnitude of the Cabbibo- Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element Vub. Using simulated event samples, this study focuses on determining criteria on variables for selection of B → ?l? signal and suppression of background from other types of BB events and continuum processes. In addition, we determine optimal cuts on variables to ensure a good neutrino reconstruction. With these selection cuts, we were able to achieve a signal-to-background ratio of 0.68 and a signal efficiency of the order of 1%. Applying these cuts to a sample of 83 million BB events recorded by BaBar in e+e– collisions at the (4S) resonance, we obtain a yield of 115 ± 19 B → ?l? decays.

Study of Inclusive And Exclusive B ---] X/U L Nu Decays And the Measurement of

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis Study of Inclusive And Exclusive B ---] X/U L Nu Decays And the Measurement of by :

Download or read book Study of Inclusive And Exclusive B ---] X/U L Nu Decays And the Measurement of written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report studies of B → X{sub u}l[nu] decays, based on a sample of 88 million B{bar B} events recorded with the BABAR detector. From both tagged and untagged B{bar B} events we have isolated inclusive charmless decays in kinematic regions for which the dominant background from B → X{sub c}l[nu] is reduced by making requirements on different variables: the electron energy E{sub l}, the momentum transfer q2, and the hadronic mass m{sub X}. Using theoretical calculations we extrapolate to the total decay rate to determine the CKM matrix element.