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Studies Of Nuclear Waste Migration In Geologic Media
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Book Synopsis Studies of Nuclear-waste Migration in Geologic Media by : Argonne National Laboratory. Chemical Engineering Division
Download or read book Studies of Nuclear-waste Migration in Geologic Media written by Argonne National Laboratory. Chemical Engineering Division and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies of Nuclear-Waste Migration in Geologic Media - Annual Report - October 1977 - September 1978 by : Argonne National Laboratory
Download or read book Studies of Nuclear-Waste Migration in Geologic Media - Annual Report - October 1977 - September 1978 written by Argonne National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies of Nuclear Waste Migration in Geologic Media. Annual Report, October 1978-September 1979 by :
Download or read book Studies of Nuclear Waste Migration in Geologic Media. Annual Report, October 1978-September 1979 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental results obtained this year confirm the results obtained in previous years - that nuclides migrating by fluid flow in rock often exhibit complex behavior not predicted by simple chromatographic-type models. A phenomenon found previously to lead to complex behavior for leached radionuclides is that the amount of adsorbed nuclide was not proportional to the nuclide concentration in solution (nonlinear adsorption isotherm). For cesium adsorption on limestone and on basalt, nonlinear isotherms were found this year to occur in the range of cesium concentrations in the groundwater of about 10/sup -3/ to 10/sup -9/M. Because cesium concentrations in this range can readily be attained by the leaching of solid waste by groundwater, the effects of nonlinear isotherms are germane to nuclide migration. This dependence of cesium migration on the leached concentration of cesium emphasizes the importance of treating the leaching and migration processes simultaneously such as is done in the leach-migration experiments performed in this work. The existence of nonlinear isotherms precludes the use of a single partition coefficient (K/sub d/) to describe cesium migration at an arbitrary cesium concentration above 10/sup -9/M. Nonetheless, nonlinear isotherms can be studied experimentally (e.g., to give K/sub d/ as a function of concentration) and effects of nonlinear adsorption can be predicted quantitatively. Comparison of results from column and batch tests indicate that, in addition to nonlinear adsorption, kinetic effects need to be considered in predicting nuclide migration from the partition coefficients measured in batch tests. Results of batch experiments of 2 weeks or longer duration pertained to migration expected only at the very lowest (
Author :Svensk kärnbränslehantering AB. Publisher :Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ISBN 13 : Total Pages :284 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Radionuclide Retention in Geologic Media by : Svensk kärnbränslehantering AB.
Download or read book Radionuclide Retention in Geologic Media written by Svensk kärnbränslehantering AB. and published by Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. This book was released on 2002 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GEOTRAP is the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media carried out in the context of site evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems for long-lived radioactive waste. Retention of radionuclides within the geosphere for prolonged periods is an important safety function of deep geologic disposal concepts for radioactive waste. The extent to which retention processes can be relied upon in repository performance assessment depends upon the existence of well-established theoretical bases for the processes. It also depends on support for the opera.
Book Synopsis Studies of Nuclear-waste Migration in Geologic Media. Annual Report, November 1976--October 1977 by :
Download or read book Studies of Nuclear-waste Migration in Geologic Media. Annual Report, November 1976--October 1977 written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The confinement of nuclear wastes in geologic formations is being considered as a method of permanently disposing of the waste. Laboratory experiments (column infiltration, static absorption, and batch partitioning experiments) were performed with nuclides of Cs, Pu, Np, and Am to examine the migratory characteristics of long-lived radionuclides that could be mobilized by groundwaters infiltrating a nuclear waste repository and the surrounding geologic body. In column infiltration experiments, the positions of peak concentrations of Cs in chalk or shale columns; Pu in limestone; Am in limestone, sandstone, or tuff; and Np in a limestone column did not move when the columns were infiltrated with water. However, fractions of each of the nuclides were seen downstream from the peaks, indicating that there was a large dispersion in the relative migration rates of each of the trace elements in the lithic materials studied. The results of static absorption experiments indicate that Pu and Am are strongly absorbed from solution by the common rocks studied and that their migration relative to ground-water flow is thereby retarded. In addition, the reaction rates of dissolved nuclides with rocks were found to vary considerably in different rock-element systems. Batch partitioning experiments were performed to test whether absorption processes are reversible. After granulated basalt and americium-bearing water were contacted in an absorption step, part of the water was replaced with water free of Am and the Am repartitioned between rock and solution. The distribution of Am after desorption was comparable to its distribution after absorption. In cntrast, when tablets of various rocks were allowed to dry between absorption and desorption tests, Pu and Am were not generally desorbed from the tablets. This suggests that reversible reactions of nuclides, between waters and rocks may be upset by treatments such as drying.
Book Synopsis Studies of Nuclear-waste Migration in Geologic Media. Annual Report, October 1977-September 1978 by :
Download or read book Studies of Nuclear-waste Migration in Geologic Media. Annual Report, October 1977-September 1978 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first phenomenon studied is incomplete water-nuclide-rock reaction because of slow reaction kinetics. A kinetic factor derived from the experimental results for strontium migration through glauconite (a hydrous silicate) was expressed in terms of the linear flow rate of solution and can be used to predict migration due to solution flow at rates of 0 to about 12 cm/min (60 km/y). Continuous-flow infiltration experiments with americium in fissures gave results that are predicted by a migration model that includes kinetic factors measured in experiments with static fluids. The results suggest that kinetic factors are as important as equilibrium adsorption parameters in predicting nuclide migration. The second phenomenon studied was the amount of adsorbed nuclide not being proportional to the nuclide concentration in solution (nonlinear adsorption isotherm). For cesium adsorption on limestone, a nonlinear isotherm was found to occur in the range of initial cesium concentrations from about 10/sup -3/ to 10/sup -9/M. This adsorption property was confirmed by results of column-infiltration experiments in which cesium migration through oolitic limestone was found to be sensitive to the amount of cesium in solution. The existence of a nonlinear isotherm precludes the use of a single partition value (K/sub D/) to describe cesium migration in limestone at cesium concentrations above about 10/sup -9/M. Therefore, the effects of nonlinear isotherms are germane to nuclide migration. 24 figures, 6 tables.
Book Synopsis Coupled Processes Associated with Nuclear Waste Repositories by : Chin-Fu Tsang
Download or read book Coupled Processes Associated with Nuclear Waste Repositories written by Chin-Fu Tsang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coupled Processes Associated with Nuclear Waste Repositories covers the proceedings of the 1985 International Symposium on Coupled Processes Associated with Nuclear Waste Repositories. The study of the behavior of geologic waste repositories is based on the coupled thermal, hydrologic, chemical, and mechanical processes that may occur in these systems. The symposium is sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the U.S. Department of Energy, in collaboration with the Nuclear Energy Authority in Paris and the Commission of the European Communities in Brussels. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 58 chapters. The introductory parts survey the concerns and interests from American and European agencies that have responsibilities in nuclear waste isolation research. These parts also provide overviews of coupled processes, with a particular emphasis on hydrology, geomechanics, and geochemistry. These topics are followed by summaries of major field projects on nuclear waste repositories in the U.S.A., France, Sweden, Canada, Belgium, and Switzerland. The fourth part covers considerable research results from topical studies of particular coupled processes. The concluding part provides the comments and discussion of various international researchers on the subject. This work will be of value to geology, hydrology, chemistry, thermodynamics, and rock mechanics students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Radioactive Waste Processing and Disposal by : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Processing and Disposal written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geologic Disposal of Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste by : Roland Pusch
Download or read book Geologic Disposal of Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste written by Roland Pusch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-04-07 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will address concepts and techniques for preparation and disposal of low- (LLW) and intermediate-level (ILW) radioactive waste from the nuclear industry, the weapons industry, university labs, research institutes, and from the commercial industry. It will aid decision-makers in finding optimal technical/economical solutions, including how site investigations, design, construction, identification and selection of construction materials (clay and concrete), and monitoring can be made. It will also examine techniques for isolating soil and rock contaminated by leaking nuclear plants and from damaged nuclear reactors such as those at the Fukushima and Chernobyl nuclear plants.
Book Synopsis Burying Uncertainty by : K. S. Shrader-Frechette
Download or read book Burying Uncertainty written by K. S. Shrader-Frechette and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1993-12-03 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shrader-Frechette looks at current U.S. government policy regarding the nation's high-level radioactive waste both scientifically and ethically. What should be done with our nation's high-level radioactive waste, which will remain hazardous for thousands of years? This is one of the most pressing problems faced by the nuclear power industry, and current U.S. government policy is to bury "radwastes" in specially designed deep repositories. K. S. Shrader-Frechette argues that this policy is profoundly misguided on both scientific and ethical grounds. Scientifically—because we cannot trust the precision of 10,000-year predictions that promise containment of the waste. Ethically—because geological disposal ignores the rights of present and future generations to equal treatment, due process, and free informed consent. Shrader-Frechette focuses her argument on the world's first proposed high-level radioactive waste facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Analyzing a mass of technical literature, she demonstrates the weaknesses in the professional risk-assessors' arguments that claim the site is sufficiently safe for such a plan. We should postpone the question of geological disposal for at least a century and use monitored, retrievable, above-ground storage of the waste until then. Her message regarding radwaste is clear: what you can't see can hurt you.
Download or read book Los Alamos Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 1088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Disposition of High-Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel by : National Research Council
Download or read book Disposition of High-Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-05 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.
Book Synopsis Radionuclide Migration Studies at the Nevada Test Site by :
Download or read book Radionuclide Migration Studies at the Nevada Test Site written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States government routinely tests nuclear devices at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) in southern Nevada. A significant amount of radioactive material exists underground at the NTS with no containers or engineered barriers to inhibit its subsequent migration. The Department of Energy has sponsored for many years a research program on radionuclide movement in the geologic media at this location. Goals of this research program are to measure the extent of movement of radionuclides away from underground explosion sites and to determine the mechanisms by which such movement occurs. This program has acquired significance in another aspect of nuclear waste management because of the Yucca Mountain Project. Yucca Mountain at the NTS is being intensively studied as the possible site for a mined repository for high level nuclear waste. The NTS provides a unique setting for field studies concerning radionuclide migration; there is the potential for greatly increasing our knowledge of the behavior of radioactive materials in volcanogenic media. This review summarizes some of the significant findings made under this research program at the NTS and identifies reports in which the details of the research may be found. 36 refs., 4 figs.
Book Synopsis Gas Generation and Migration in Deep Geological Radioactive Waste Repositories by : R.P. Shaw
Download or read book Gas Generation and Migration in Deep Geological Radioactive Waste Repositories written by R.P. Shaw and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2015-06-11 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the behaviour of gases in the context of radioactive waste disposal is a fundamental requirement in developing a safety case for the disposal of radioactive waste. Of particular importance are the long-term performance of bentonite buffers and cement-based backfill materials that may be used to encapsulate and surround the waste in a repository, and the behaviour of plastic clays, indurated mudrocks and crystalline formations that may be the host rocks for a repository. The EC Euratom programme funded project, FORGE, has provided new insights into the processes and mechanisms governing gas generation and migration with the aim of reducing uncertainty. This volume brings together papers on aspects of this topic arising from both the FORGE project and work undertaken elsewhere. This has been achieved by the acquisition of new experimental data coupled with modelling, through a series of laboratory and field-scale experiments performed at a number of underground research laboratories throughout Europe.
Book Synopsis Geologic Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste by : Roland Pusch
Download or read book Geologic Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste written by Roland Pusch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geologic Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste examines the fundamental knowledge and conditions to be considered and applied by planners and other professionals when establishing national repository concepts, and constructing repositories for the long-term isolation of highly radioactive waste from surrounding crystalline rock. It emphasizes the important roles of structural geology, hydrogeology, hydrochemistry, and construction techniques. It specifically examines the disposal of steel canisters with spent reactor fuel in mined repositories (MR) at medium-depth, and in very deep boreholes (VDH). While disposal in mined repositories has been widely tested, the option of placing high-level radioactive waste in deep boreholes has been considered in the US, UK, and elsewhere in Europe, but has not yet been tested on a broad scale. This book examines the possibility of safe disposal for very long periods, proposing that the high salt content and density of groundwater at large depths are such that potentially contaminated water would not rise high enough to affect the more shallow biosphere. Features: Presents the best practices for disposal of spent fuel from nuclear reactors. Assesses waste isolation capacities in short- and long-term perspectives, and the associated risks. Describes site selection principles and the economics of construction of different types of repositories. Includes an appendix which provides the latest international recommendations and guidelines concerning the disposal of highly radioactive waste.
Book Synopsis Migration of Radionuclides in Geologic Media--Laboratory and Field Studies by : WR. Daniels
Download or read book Migration of Radionuclides in Geologic Media--Laboratory and Field Studies written by WR. Daniels and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental results obtained from investigation of the radionuclide distribution in the environment around the 0.75-kiloton nuclear test Cambric, fired in alluvium at the Nevada Test Site, are presented and discussed. Laboratory measurements of distribution ratios for sorption-desorption between alluvium and ground-water and leaching rates from test debris are also presented and compared with field data.
Author :NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media Publisher :OECD Publishing ISBN 13 : Total Pages :324 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-specific Assessments by : NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media
Download or read book Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-specific Assessments written by NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ThIS fourth GEOTRAP workshop, Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-specific Performance Assessment held in June 1999, addressed the issue of technical confidence building and provided an overview of current developments in this field.
