Student Study Guide To Accompany Educational Research

Author : L. R. Gay
Publisher : Prentice Hall
ISBN 13 : 9780130994639
Total Pages : 605 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (946 download)

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Download or read book Educational Research written by L. R. Gay and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 2003 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PHILOSOPHY AND PURPOSE This text is designed primarily for use in the introductory course in educational research that is a basic requirement for many graduate programs. Since the topic coverage of the text is relatively comprehensive, it also may be easily adapted for use in either a senior-level undergraduate course or a more advanced graduate-level course. The philosophy that guided the development of the current and previous editions of this text was the conviction that an introductory research course should be more skill and application oriented than theory oriented. Thus the purpose of this text is to have students become familiar with research mainly at a "how to" skill and application level. The text does not mystify students with theoretical and statistical jargon. It strives to provide a down-to-earth approach that helps students acquire the skills and knowledge required of a competent consumer and producer of educational research. The emphasis is not just on what the student knows but also on what the student can do with what he or she knows. It is recognized that being a "good" researcher involves more than the acquisition of skills and knowledge; in any field, significant research is usually produced by persons who through experience have acquired insights, intuitions, and strategies related to the research process. Research of any worth, however, is rarely conducted in the absence of basic research skills and knowledge. A basic assumption of this text is that there is considerable overlap in the competencies required of a competent consumer of research and a competent producer of research, and that a person is in a much better position to evaluate the work of others after she or he has performed the major tasks involved in the research process. ORGANIZATION AND STRATEGY The overall strategy of the text is to promote students' attainment of a degree of expertise in research through the acquisition of knowledge and by involvement in actual research. ORGANIZATION Part One discusses the scientific and disciplined inquiry approach and its application in education. It describes the main steps in the research process and the purpose and methods of the various approaches to research. In Part One, each student selects and delineates a research problem of interest that has relevance to his or her professional area. Throughout the rest of the text, the student then simulates the procedures that would be followed in conducting a study designed to investigate the problem; each chapter develops a specific skill or set of skills required for the execution of such a research study. Specifically, the student reviews and analyzes related literature and formulates hypotheses (Chapter 2), develops a research plan (Chapter 3), selects and defines samples (Chapter 4), and evaluates and selects measuring instruments (Chapter 5). Part Two describes qualitative research, including the different approaches to and the collection and analysis of qualitative data. Part Three describes and discusses quantitative research, data collection and analysis, including statistics. In Part Four the student applies the skills and knowledge acquired in Parts One through Three and evaluates a research report. STRATEGY This text represents more than just a textbook to be incorporated into a course; it is actually a total instructional system that includes stated objectives, or competencies, instruction, and procedures for evaluating each competency. The instructional strategy of the system emphasizes demonstration of skills and individualization within structure. The format for each chapter is essentially the same. Following a brief introduction, each task to be performed is described. Tasks require students to demonstrate that they can perform particular research functions. Since each student works with a different problem, each student demonstrates the competency required by a task as it applies to his or her own problem. With the exception of Chapter 1, each chapter is directed toward the attainment of one task. Each chapter begins with a list of chapter objectives that entail knowledge and skills that facilitate students' abilities to perform a related task. In many instances objectives may be assessed either as written exercises submitted by students or by tests, whichever the instructor prefers. For some objectives the first option is clearly preferable. Text discussion is intended to be as simple and straightforward as possible. Whenever feasible, procedures are presented as a series of steps and concepts are explained in terms of illustrative examples. In a number of cases, relatively complex topics or topics beyond the scope of the text are presented at a very elementary level, and students are directed to other sources for additional, in-depth discussion. There is also a degree of intentional repetition; a number of concepts are discussed in different contexts and from different perspectives. Also, at the risk of eliciting more than a few groans, an attempt has been made to sprinkle the text with touches of humor. Each chapter includes a detailed, often lengthy summary with headings and subheadings directly paralleling those in the chapter. The summaries are designed to facilitate both review and location of related text discussion. Finally, each chapter concludes with suggested criteria for evaluating its task and with an example of the task produced by a former introductory educational research student. MAJOR REVISIONS FOR THIS EDITION Like the sixth edition, the seventh edition reflects a combination of both unsolicited and solicited input. Positive feedback suggested aspects of the text and supplementary materials that should not be changed—the writing style and the focus on ethical practice, for example. Every effort, however, was made to incorporate suggestions from users and nonusers. For example, several users requested an increased focus on qualitative research and an integration of SPSS analysis. Content changes reflect the inclusion of new topics and the expansion or clarification of existing topics. There are many improvements in this edition, and we describe the more significant highlights here. We have broadened our coverage ofqualitative researchthroughout the text. Four chapters now focus on qualitative research: two new, completely revised chapters (Chapters 6 and 9) and two (Chapters 7 and 8) expanded from the sixth edition. Although the text still focuses mainly on quantitative research, this edition provides a more balanced view of qualitative and quantitative research methods. In Chapter 6 we describe and discuss the general characteristics and skills required to conduct qualitative research. We identify four primary research approaches—ethnography historical research, grounded theory, and action research. The chapter then focuses on identifying research topics and reviewing the literature. An overview of mixed method research is included to reflect its increasing use. Chapter 7 focuses on data collection. We begin by discussing how to identify and select study participants. We then discuss collecting data using observations, interviews, and nonparticipant data collection methods. Chapter 8 has two topics. First, we discuss analyzing narrative research data both during and after the data collection stage of a study. Second, we focus on writing the final research report. The chapter closes with a discussion of postanalysis considerations for qualitative research. Chapter 9 expands the sixth edition's discussion of action research. In it we discuss the benefits and nature of action research and describe in greater depth the processes specific to this type of research. Throughout, our discussion of both qualitative and quantitative research is guided by a commitment to ethical research practice and to the competencies required to carry out the basic steps common to educational research. A discussion ofmixed-method researchhas been added to Chapter 6. We describe three different mixed-method approaches and present criteria for identifying and evaluating them. Our discussion of qualitative research is enhanced by the presentation of twopublished research reports,new to this edition. Throughout Chapters 6, 7, and 8 we excerpt and annotate these reports, and discuss how they illustrate specific aspects of qualitative research methods. SPSS(formerly Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) is a comprehensive, full-featured software application for analyzing quantitative research data. In Chapters 14 and 15, we illustrate our discussion of statistical data analysis by showing our calculations in two formats: a step-by-step hand analysis and a computer analysis using SPSS Student Version 10.0 for Windows. In addition, we have added new tables and figures throughout the text. Every chapter has been edited and updated. References have been updated. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS A number of ancillaries are available to complement the text, including aStudent Guideand anInstructor's Manual and Test Bank.For each part and chapter in the text there is a corresponding part in these two ancillaries. Other supplementary materials include Prentice Hall Custom Test computerized testbank software, SPSS Student Version 10.0 statistical software, a free and expanded Companion Website with 10 modules and many opportunities to practice newly learned research skills, and a CD-ROM with interactive computer simulations of educational research concepts and scenarios, including research articles. STUDENT GUIDE The Student Guide has been significantly revised to coordinate with the new edition. It provides students opportunities to check their current understanding and extend their knowledge beyond definitions to application of the concepts presented in the text. For each chapter, the Student Guide contains key terms for students to explain, sample test items with answers, and a variety of examples, exercises, mini cases, and activities to support text content. Articles and portions of articles, as well as numerous examples from student research proposals, are included within the revised Student Guide. Although exercises, examples, mini cases, and activities in the Student Guide facilitate factual level content understanding, the focus of the Student Guide is to develop deeper understanding so that students can apply the concepts presented in the text. To that end, the Student Guide includes many tasks and activities that require higher-order thinking and transfer of content covered in the text. Sample responses with explanations are included. Examples that mirror the task activities in the text provide additional support for students as they apply the concepts presented in the text. INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL AND TEST BANK TheInstructor's Manual and Test Bank(ISBN 0-13-099465-0) contains suggested activities, strategies for teaching each chapter, selected resources, and hundreds of newly written and tested test items. Suggestions are based on personal experience teaching the course and research. In addition, the more than 700 test items represent a variety of levels of multiple-choice items. New test items have been added to reflect text additions and expansions-in particular, questions related to qualitative research. PRENTICE HALL CUSTOM TEST COMPUTERIZED TEST BANK SOFTWARE The computerized test bank software gives instructors electronic access to the test questions printed in theInstructor's Manual and Test Bankand allows them to create and customize exams. The computerized test bank is available in both Macintosh and PC/Windows (0-13-099467-7) versions. SPSS STUDENT VERSION 10.0 OR 11.0 The text includes examples of SPSS calculations and screen images and output tables illustrating the calculations. To complement this new content, copies of SPSS Student Version 10.0 or 11.0 are available at a discounted price when packaged with this textbook. Contact your local Prentice Hall representative for ordering information. STATPAK STATISTICAL SOFTWARE STATPAK statistical software computes all of the statistics that are calculated in the text and shows students the intermediate stages as well as the final answers. The STATPAK software has been upgraded for this edition and is available in both Macintosh (ISBN 0-13-013949-1) and PC/Windows versions. For Windows users, STATPAK is available for use from the Companion Website atwww.prenhall.com/gay. Mac users may obtain a disk copy from their local Prentice Hall Sales Representative. COMPANION WEBSITE This upgraded site, located atwww.prenhall.com/gay, allows students and professors using the text free access to a wealth of newly created online resources. Here students can review chapter objectives—and more specific learning objectives within each objective—and test their knowledge by taking chapter quizzes that provide hints and automatic feedback. (Items are graded with a percentage score and correct answers.) Students can apply their newly gained knowledge in "Applying What You Know" essay questions and can browse course topics on the Internet using well-screened and evaluated Web sites related to educational research. Other new modules on the site can expand learners' skill base. "Evaluating Articles" gives students opportunities to read, deconstruct, and critique two qualitative and two quantitative articles via questions and suggested answers and evaluative checklists; "Analyzing Quantitative Data" presents a data set and leads students through a step-by-step analysis of the data, requiring them to run SPSS and generate descriptive and inferential statistics and summarize their findings: and "Analyzing Qualitative Data" presents a narrative data set and asks students to segment, code, and categorize data. "Research Tools and Tips" is a series of read-only, printable helpful topics that can make any research project easier and less confusing. Tips include links to helpful information on the Web, handy protocol forms, and references to helpful products to aid research. In addition, the STATPAK statistical calculator tool is also available for PC/Windows users in "Calculating Statistics" on the site. The Companion Website also contains Message Board and Live Chat areas to encourage student interaction. For professors, the Syllabus Builder™allows easy instructional planning and convenient online access for their course. COMPUTER SIMULATION SOFTWARE Simulations in Educational Psychology and Research,version 2.0, features five psychological/educational interactive experiments on a CDROM. Exercises and readings help students explore the research concepts and procedures connected to these experiments. Qualitative and quantitative designs are included. Instructors should contact their local Prentice Hall Sales Representative to order a copy of these simulations.