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Structure Design Of Silicon Anodes For High Energy Lithium Batteries
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Book Synopsis Structure Design of Silicon Anodes for High Energy Lithium Batteries by : Nian Liu
Download or read book Structure Design of Silicon Anodes for High Energy Lithium Batteries written by Nian Liu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than two centuries old, battery technology has never attracted so much attention as it is today from all over academia, industry, government, and general public. Its extended application in our daily life, from portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, to power grid storage is driving the urgent need for major breakthroughs, in energy density, cycle life, and cost. One of the materials of choice is silicon. Silicon anodes have an order of magnitude higher capacity than state-of-the-art graphite anodes, providing great promise for use not only in Li-ion, but also in next generation high energy Li-S and Li-O2 batteries. However, Si anodes of conventional structure have very short cycle life, because the volume change of Si upon cycling leads to fracture and unstable interfaces. In this dissertation, I employed nanoscale materials design to overcome these problems, by rationally making accurate void space available inside the structure, and limiting the surfaces that are exposed to the electrolyte. The first-generation "yolk-shell" anode prevents fracture, stabilizes the interface, and significantly extends cycle life at small mass loading. Then I designed a second-generation "pomegranate" anode that has reduced interface side-reaction, increased energy density, and enhanced electrode-level conductivity. This design performs excellently even at mass loading as high as commercial batteries. Moreover, its fabrication is highly scalable. Next, I developed a method that produces the key source material for the above designs, Si nanoparticles, from rice husks, an agricultural byproduct with extremely high annual yield, and low cost. Finally, a prelithiation method has been developed for silicon anodes so that it could be paired with high-energy sulfur cathodes to make a full battery. Such a combination can give almost 400% the energy of state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries, enabling the next generation of battery technology.
Book Synopsis Lithium-ion Batteries Enabled by Silicon Anodes by : Chunmei Ban
Download or read book Lithium-ion Batteries Enabled by Silicon Anodes written by Chunmei Ban and published by IET. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Model predictive control (MPC) is a method for controlling a process while satisfying a set of constraints. The use of MPC for controlling power systems has been gaining traction in recent years. This work presents the use of MPC for distributed renewable power generation in microgrids.
Book Synopsis Silicon Anode Systems for Lithium-Ion Batteries by : Prashant N. Kumta
Download or read book Silicon Anode Systems for Lithium-Ion Batteries written by Prashant N. Kumta and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-10 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon Anode Systems for Lithium-Ion Batteries is an introduction to silicon anodes as an alternative to traditional graphite-based anodes. The book provides a comprehensive overview including abundance, system voltage, and capacity. It provides key insights into the basic challenges faced by the materials system such as new configurations and concepts for overcoming the expansion and contraction related problems. This book has been written for the practitioner, researcher or developer of commercial technologies. Provides a thorough explanation of the advantages, challenge, materials science, and commercial prospects of silicon and related anode materials for lithium-ion batteries Provides insights into practical issues including processing and performance of advanced Si-based materials in battery-relevant materials systems Discusses suppressants in electrolytes to minimize adverse effects of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and safety limitations associated with this technology
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Energy Storage by : Jean-Marie Tarascon
Download or read book Electrochemical Energy Storage written by Jean-Marie Tarascon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-23 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrochemical storage of energy has become essential in assisting the development of electrical transport and use of renewable energies. French researchers have played a key role in this domain but Asia is currently the market leader. Not wanting to see history repeat itself, France created the research network on electrochemical energy storage (RS2E) in 2011. This book discusses the launch of RS2E, its stakeholders, objectives, and integrated structure that assures a continuum between basic research, technological research and industries. Here, the authors will cover the technological advances as well as the challenges that must still be resolved in the field of electrochemical storage, taking into account sustainable development and the limited time available to us.
Book Synopsis Inward Lithium-Ion Breathing of Hierarchically Porous Silicon Anodes by :
Download or read book Inward Lithium-Ion Breathing of Hierarchically Porous Silicon Anodes written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon has been identified as one of the most promising candidates as anode for high performance lithium-ion batteries. The key challenge for Si anodes is the large volume change induced chemomechanical fracture and subsequent rapid capacity fading upon cyclic charge and discharge. Improving capacity retention thus critically relies on smart accommodation of the volume changes through nanoscale structural design. In this work, we report a novel fabrication method for hierarchically porous Si nanospheres (hp-SiNSs), which consist of a porous shell and a hollow core. Upon charge/discharge cycling, the hp-SiNSs accommodate the volume change through reversible inward expansion/contraction with negligible particle-level outward expansion. Our mechanics analysis revealed that such a unique volume-change accommodation mechanism is enabled by the much stiffer modulus of the lithiated layer than the unlithiated porous layer and the low flow stress of the porous structure. Such inward expansion shields the hp-SiNSs from fracture, opposite to the outward expansion in solid Si during lithiation. Lithium ion battery assembled with this new nanoporous material exhibits high capacity, high power, long cycle life and high coulombic efficiency, which is superior to the current commercial Si-based anode materials. We find the low cost synthesis approach reported here provides a new avenue for the rational design of hierarchically porous structures with unique materials properties.
Book Synopsis Transmission Electron Microscopy by : David B. Williams
Download or read book Transmission Electron Microscopy written by David B. Williams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electron microscopy has revolutionized our understanding the extraordinary intellectual demands required of the mi of materials by completing the processing-structure-prop croscopist in order to do the job properly: crystallography, erties links down to atomistic levels. It now is even possible diffraction, image contrast, inelastic scattering events, and to tailor the microstructure (and meso structure ) of materials spectroscopy. Remember, these used to be fields in them to achieve specific sets of properties; the extraordinary abili selves. Today, one has to understand the fundamentals ties of modem transmission electron microscopy-TEM of all of these areas before one can hope to tackle signifi instruments to provide almost all of the structural, phase, cant problems in materials science. TEM is a technique of and crystallographic data allow us to accomplish this feat. characterizing materials down to the atomic limits. It must Therefore, it is obvious that any curriculum in modem mate be used with care and attention, in many cases involving rials education must include suitable courses in electron mi teams of experts from different venues. The fundamentals croscopy. It is also essential that suitable texts be available are, of course, based in physics, so aspiring materials sci for the preparation of the students and researchers who must entists would be well advised to have prior exposure to, for carry out electron microscopy properly and quantitatively.
Book Synopsis Development Of High-energy Silicon-based Anode Materials For Lithium-ion Storage by : Ran Yi
Download or read book Development Of High-energy Silicon-based Anode Materials For Lithium-ion Storage written by Ran Yi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emerging markets of electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) generate a tremendous demand for low-cost lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy and power densities, and long cycling life. The development of such LIBs requires development of low cost, high-energy-density cathode and anode materials. Conventional anode materials in commercial LIBs are primarily synthetic graphite-based materials with a capacity of ~370 mAh/g. Improvements in anode performance, particularly in anode capacity, are essential to achieving high energy densities in LIBs for EV and HEV applications. This dissertation focuses on development of micro-sized silicon-carbon (Si-C) composites as anode materials for high energy and power densities LIBs. First, a new, low-cost, large-scale approach was developed to prepare a micro-sized Si-C composite with excellent performance as an anode material for LIBs. The composite shows a reversible capacity of 1459 mAh/g after 200 cycles at 1 A/g (97.8% capacity retention) and excellent high rate performance of 700 mAh/g at 12.8 A/g, and also has a high tap density of 0.78 g/cm3. The structure of the composite, micro-sized as a whole, features the interconnected nanoscale size of the Si building blocks and the uniform carbon filling, which enables the maximum utilization of silicon even when the micro-sized particles break into small pieces upon cycling. To understand the effects of key parameters in designing the micro-sized Si-C composites on their electrochemical performance and explore how to optimize them, the influence of Si nanoscale building block size and carbon coating on the electrochemical performance of the micro-sized Si-C composites were investigated. It has been found that the critical Si building block size is 15 nm, which enables a high capacity without compromising the cycling stability, and that carbon coating at higher temperature improves the 1st cycle coulombic efficiency (CE) and the rate capability. Corresponding reasons underneath electrochemical performance have been revealed by various characterizations. Combining both optimized Si building block size and carbon coating temperature, the resultant composite can sustain 600 cycles at 1.2 A/g with a fixed lithiation capacity of 1200 mAh/g, the best cycling performance with such a high capacity for micro-sized Si-based anodes.To further improve the the rate capability of Si-based anode materials, an effecitive method of facile boron doping was demonstrated. Boron-doped Si-C composite can deliver a high capacity of 575 mAh/g at 6.4 A/g without addition of any conductive additives, 80% higher than that of undoped composite. Compared to the obvious capacity fading of undoped Si-C composite, boron-doped Si-C composite maintains its capacity well upon long cycling at a high current density. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement shows boron-doped Si-C composite has lower charge transfer resistance, which helps improve its rate capability.A novel micro-sized graphene/Si-C composite (G/Si-C) was then developed to translate the performance of such micro-sized Si-C composites from the material level to the electrode level aiming to achieve high areal capacities (mAh/cm2) besides gravimetric capacities (mAh/g). Owing to dual conductive networks both within single particles formed by carbon and between different particles formed by graphene, low electrical resistance can be maintained at high mass loading, which enables a high degree of material utilization. Areal capacity thus increases almost linearly with mass loading. As a result, G/Si-C exhibits a high areal capacity of 3.2 mAh/cm2 after 100 cycles with high coulombic efficiency (average 99.51% from 2nd to 100th cycle), comparable to that of commercial anodes.Finally, a micro-sized Si-based material (B-Si/SiO2/C) featuring high rate performance was developed via a facile route without use of toxic hydrofluoric acid. A Li-ion hybrid battery constructed of such a Si-based anode and a porous carbon cathode was demonstrated with both high power and energy densities. Boron-doping is employed to improve the rate capability of B-Si/SiO2/C. At a high current density of 6.4 A/g, B-Si/SiO2/C delivers a capacity of 685 mAh/g, 2.4 times that of the undoped Si/SiO2/C. Benefiting from the high rate performance along with low working voltage, high capacity and good cycling stability of B-Si/SiO2/C, the hybrid battery exhibits a high energy density of 128 Wh/kg at 1229 W/kg. Even when power density increases to the level of a conventional supercapacitor (9704 W/kg), 89 Wh/kg can be obtained, the highest values of any hybrid battery to date. Long cycling life (capacity retention of 70% after 6000 cycles) and low self-discharge rate (voltage retention of 82% after 50 hours) are also achieved.
Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries by : Rachid Yazami
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries written by Rachid Yazami and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the most recent advances in the science and technology of nanostructured materials for lithium-ion application. With contributions from renowned scientists and technologists, the chapters discuss state-of-the-art research on nanostructured anode and cathode materials, some already used in commercial batteries and others still in de
Book Synopsis Lithium-ion Batteries by : Perla B. Balbuena
Download or read book Lithium-ion Batteries written by Perla B. Balbuena and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invaluable book focuses on the mechanisms of formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the electrode surfaces of lithium-ion batteries. The SEI film is due to electromechanical reduction of species present in the electrolyte. It is widely recognized that the presence of the film plays an essential role in the battery performance, and its very nature can determine an extended (or shorter) life for the battery. In spite of the numerous related research efforts, details on the stability of the SEI composition and its influence on the battery capacity are still controversial. This book carefully analyzes and discusses the most recent findings and advances on this topic.
Book Synopsis Development of Silicon-based Anodes and In-situ Characterization Techniques for Lithium Ion Batteries by : Jinho Yang
Download or read book Development of Silicon-based Anodes and In-situ Characterization Techniques for Lithium Ion Batteries written by Jinho Yang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) with higher capacity has been booming worldwide, as growing concerns about environmental issues and increasing petroleum costs. The demands for the LIBs include high energy and power densities, and better cyclic stability in order to meet a wide range of applications, such as portable devices and electric vehicles. Silicon has recently been explored as a promising anode material due to its low discharge potential (0.4 V) and high specific capacity (4200 mAh gsuper-1/super). The capacity of silicon potentially exceeds more than 10 times of the conventional graphite anode (372 mAh gsuper-1/super). However, the silicon anode experiences huge volume expansion (400%) and contraction during electrochemical cycles, resulting in pulverization and disintegration of the active material. For the improvement of the battery performance, understanding of the failure mechanism associated with the stress evolution during cycling is critical. This study aims (1) to develop high performance anode materials and (2) to analyze the mechanism of the capacity fading using a novel in-situ characterization technique in order to optimize the electrode design for better operation of the battery. The silicon nitride thin film anodes were investigated for the improvement of cycling performance. In addition, the rate performance was enhanced by controlling the parameters in film deposition. Si-based thin films undergo large stresses induced by the volume changes, which results in material degradation and capacity fading. Hence, the in-situ measurement of the electrochemical processes is critical to clarify how the electrode degrades with time under cycling. For the in-situ measurement, a white light interferometry (WLI) and laser vibrometer were used to gather quantitative data. Amorphous silicon (italica
Book Synopsis Towards Silicon Anodes for High-energy Lithium-ion Batteries by : Susanne Giesbers
Download or read book Towards Silicon Anodes for High-energy Lithium-ion Batteries written by Susanne Giesbers and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) by : Joseph Woicik
Download or read book Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) written by Joseph Woicik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-26 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first complete and up-to-date summary of the state of the art in HAXPES and motivates readers to harness its powerful capabilities in their own research. The chapters are written by experts. They include historical work, modern instrumentation, theory and applications. This book spans from physics to chemistry and materials science and engineering. In consideration of the rapid development of the technique, several chapters include highlights illustrating future opportunities as well.
Book Synopsis Low-Cost and Scalable Material Designs and Processes for Next-Generation Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes by : Jesse Adam Baucom
Download or read book Low-Cost and Scalable Material Designs and Processes for Next-Generation Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes written by Jesse Adam Baucom and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern human civilization depends on the production and utilization of vast quantities of energy. While innovations in technology are generally met with applause, discoveries over the potential catastrophic impacts of our current ways of generating energy on our climate and society have prompted worldwide efforts to mitigate these issues. Although environmentally-friendly and sustainable methods for electricity generation such as solar photovoltaic energy hold promise for solving our energy issues, a complete shift towards renewable energy would require the development of grid-scale energy storage systems due to the intermittent nature of such technology. In addition, the automotive industry is undergoing a complete transformation to electrification in efforts to reduce the environmental impact of vehicles and comply with increasingly stringent regulations, representing yet another urgent need for high-performance energy storage systems. Of all energy storage technologies for potentially enabling grid storage and electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries are of particular interest due to their rechargeability, high energy and power densities, and energy efficiency. Although lithium-ion batteries are now widely used for a variety of applications, their prohibitively high cost has prevented their application in these crucial technologies. For specific applications such as electric vehicles and portable electronics, lithium-ion batteries have yet to achieve the energy and power density requirements necessary, posing additional barriers. On top of these obstacles, the commercial viability of lithium-ion batteries for these applications depends on the ability to scale up the production processes to satisfy the market need, creating yet another challenge for solving these important issues. While the development of high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries is a promising route towards enabling these applications, many of the novel designs for such materials are prohibitively expensive or difficult to scale, preventing them from achieving widespread market adoption. In this dissertation, we describe novel materials and processes for producing three high-capacity anode materials of great industry and academic interest: graphene, silicon, and lithium metal. First, we present a novel method for induction heating-mediated synthesis of freestanding anodes for improving the scalability of traditional chemical vapor deposition processes through reduced process downtimes while enabling higher energy and volumetric densities in lithium-ion batteries by virtue of the freestanding nature of the electrode design, reducing the mass and volume of electrochemically-inactive components. Next, we describe a method for the production of silicon/PVA/graphite composite anodes with long cycling life through the use of a 1-step ball milling method utilizing low-cost precursors for scalable production of high-capacity anode materials. Finally, we reveal a design for air-stable lithium metal hosts fabricated from a scalable powder metallurgic approach, which allows for the fabrication of high-performance lithium metal batteries compatible with existing infrastructure, circumventing the need for a high-cost assembly in an inert atmosphere.
Book Synopsis Rational Design of Lithium/Sodium Ion Battery Anode for High Performance Energy Storage by : Xianyang Li
Download or read book Rational Design of Lithium/Sodium Ion Battery Anode for High Performance Energy Storage written by Xianyang Li and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid increasing consumption of fossil fuels since the industrial revolution has brought about environmental and ecological contamination and its depletion, thus, humankind must stop to utilize more clean and renewable energy such as solar, hydraulic power, wind power as alternative. In this case, an effective and efficient medium is a must since those sorts of renewable energy are difficult to be stored and utilized in a standard way. As the invention and improvement of battery, electrical power come up to be the chosen solution. Therefore, electrical vehicles are already commercialized for a long time and growing up rapidly, grabbing the market share from traditional Inner Combustion Engine vehicles. Among the various battery chemistries, Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs) have acquire most of attention from both academia and industry. With a similar mechanism, Sodium-ion Batteries (SIBs) are acting as an alternative for LIBs for their low cost. However, the current battery performance cannot satisfy the market of electrical vehicle and consumer electronics, thus, energy density and power density as two of the crucial factors for battery performance must be enhanced. To address these issues, the anode of LIBs and SIBs need to be improved. In this dissertation, novel ideas for anode materials design were given, towards not only the current anode modification, but next generation anode production as well. With a high theoretical capacity of 2595 mAh g-1 from alloy reaction, phosphorus is one of the most promising candidates as next generation anode material for lithium/sodium ion battery. Nonetheless, it is suffering volume expansion (300% for LIBs and 500% for SIBs) and low conductivity during cycling, leading to sacrificed robustness of the electrode. Herein, we developed an efficient and effective high energy ball milling route to crystalline phosphorus within carbon matrix as anode material for LIB and SIB. The special structure offers many advantages: enhanced the conductivity; shortened distance for Li+ or Na+ diffusion; buffered volumetric expansion and more stable structure. Benefitting from the merits, the composite delivers a capacity over 1000 mAh g-1 for about 300 cycles at a specific current of 1 A g-1. Both half-cell and full cell cycling test show an 80% retention around 300th cycle. More essentially, crystalline phosphorus can be still found after many cycles. As-prepared material also delivered a high sodium capacity over 700 mAh g-1 over 300 cycles. For increasing utilization in electrical vehicles, the limitation of power density has become a severe issue for LIBs. Therefore, LIBs with advanced high rate performance is highly desirable. A major issue for developing high rate battery is the performance of anode as their sluggish intercalation kinetics. Herein, we provide a new strategy for advanced performance LIB anode design and its demonstration. To fabricate anode with both high energy and power density, two different materials with each character respectively were mixed to achieve the goal, meanwhile, they need to have different charge and discharge plateaus. As the redox plateaus of these materials are different, the electrochemical interaction will occur when they are being charged or discharged as composite, thus enhance the performance as anode for LIBs. Phosphorus-carbon composite and commercialized LTO were utilized to demonstrate this strategy. The current anode system in commercialized LIBs are difficult to be substituted in the near future because of their low charging potential which leads to a high energy density for full cell. In this case, the development of LIBs in EV are highly depends on modification of the current system in recent years. Therefore, we developed a new route for graphite anode improvement with the additive of Metal-organic Framework (MOF). With its special structure, open metal sites (OMS), MOF can immobilize the anion of electrolyte by forming coordination bond, thereby prevents the electrolyte from decomposition, so as to eliminate the byproduct and heat release. With these advantages from MOF additive, the graphite anode performance was improved a great deal especially fast discharging (full cell). And post-cycle characterization explores that MOF keeps higher crystallinity of graphite and lower down the decomposition of the electrolyte LiPF6.
Book Synopsis Advanced Silicon Anode Architectures for High Energy Density Lithium-ion Batteries by : Rasim Batmaz
Download or read book Advanced Silicon Anode Architectures for High Energy Density Lithium-ion Batteries written by Rasim Batmaz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Silicon Based Thin Film Anodes for Next Generation Lithium Ion Battery by : Polat Karahan Billur Deniz
Download or read book Silicon Based Thin Film Anodes for Next Generation Lithium Ion Battery written by Polat Karahan Billur Deniz and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-08-12 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the selection criteria for material and production process are explained to improve the capacity and the cycle life of negative electrodes for lithium ion battery. In this sense, importance of Si thin film anode has been widely discussed. Among alternative production processes, magnetron sputtering is highlighted since it leads to form highly adherent amorphous/nano-sized crystaline structured film due to energetic particles deposition. Moreover to improve the electonic conductivity and to promote the mechanical resistance, Cu atoms are deposited with Si. The test results of different Si-Cu films show that compositionally graded film represents the most promising anode material because high Cu content at the bottom of the film enhances the adhesion and the low Cu content on top increases the capacity and the reversibility of lithiation/delithiation reactions. In the concept of the book, a clear understanding on the relationship between morphological, structural design and electrochemical performance of the thin films has been made. This would increase the likelihood of making high capacity anodes for next generation lithium ion batteries.
Book Synopsis Lithium Batteries by : Gholam-Abbas Nazri
Download or read book Lithium Batteries written by Gholam-Abbas Nazri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-14 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium Batteries: Science and Technology is an up-to-date and comprehensive compendium on advanced power sources and energy related topics. Each chapter is a detailed and thorough treatment of its subject. The volume includes several tutorials and contributes to an understanding of the many fields that impact the development of lithium batteries. Recent advances on various components are included and numerous examples of innovation are presented. Extensive references are given at the end of each chapter. All contributors are internationally recognized experts in their respective specialty. The fundamental knowledge necessary for designing new battery materials with desired physical and chemical properties including structural, electronic and reactivity are discussed. The molecular engineering of battery materials is treated by the most advanced theoretical and experimental methods.
