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Structure And Morphology Of Sulfonated Polysulfone And Perfluorosulfonic Acid Ionomers
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Book Synopsis Structure and Morphology of Sulfonated Polysulfone and Perfluorosulfonic Acid Ionomers by : Chen Wang (Chemical engineer)
Download or read book Structure and Morphology of Sulfonated Polysulfone and Perfluorosulfonic Acid Ionomers written by Chen Wang (Chemical engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The limitations of conventional perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) based membrane materials have provoked the search for alternative materials which can function as the electrolyte in PEM fuel cells operated at higher temperatures (> 100 °C) and without humidification. A novel class of sulfonated poly(phenylene) sulfone (sPSO2) ionomers have shown much higher proton conductivity than typical PFSA membranes at elevated temperatures. In this dissertation, both computational and experimental methods were used to investigate proton transfer, morphological and structural properties of sPSO2 and PFSA ionomers. We have undertaken ab initio electronic structure calculations to understand the primary hydration and the transfer of protons in oligomeric fragments of sPSO2 ionomers. The effects of equivalent weight, molecular weight and water content on swelling properties of hydrated sPSO2 ionomers were investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. The micro-phase separation in hydrated PFSA ionomers was studied by using BF and HAADF imaging in a TEM/STEM. The microstructural evolution as a function of water content is observed and in a good agreement with the results from previous DPD simulations. To understand local chemistry and molecular structures of ionomers, quantitative analyses were conducted based on the results from EELS in the low loss and core loss regions. Finally, the influence of phase transitions and polarization in PTFE chains was determined by comparing experimental and simulated EELS.
Book Synopsis Structure and Properties of Ionomers by : Michel Pineri
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Ionomers written by Michel Pineri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ionomers, that is polymers containing a low concentration of charged units along the chain, have been the subject of increasing interest during the past twenty years. The presence of ionic groups in the poly mer changes some of its properties dramatically. Increases in the modu lus and the viscosity of several orders of magnitude have been observed, and changes in the glass transition of hundreds of degrees are possible. In addition, diffusion coefficients can be modified drastically. These changes are due primarily to the presence of reversible ionic cross links in these materials. Because of the low dielectric constant of most organic polymers, the ions or ionic dipoles tend to aggregate ; this aggregation process, however, is limited, because the ionic groups are covalently bonded to the organic chain. Host of the fundamental research done on these materials has been devoted to a determination of the extent of association, the structure of the aggregates, the limi ting factors, and the correlations between molecular and supermolecular structure and the resul ting properties.
Download or read book Ionomers written by M.R. Tant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers have achieved an enviable position as the class of materials having the highest volume of production, exceeding that of both metals and ceramics. The meteoric rise in the production and utilization of polymers has been due to advances in polymer synthesis which allow the creation of specific and well-defined molecular structures, to new knowledge concerning the relationships between polymer structure and properties, and to an improved understanding of how processing can be used as a tool to develop morphological features which result in desired properties. Polymers have truly become 'engineered materials' in every sense of the term. Polymer scientists and engineers are forever seeking to modify and improve the properties of synthetic polymeric systems for use in specific applications. Towards this end they have often looked to nature for advice on how to design molecules for specific needs. An excellent illustration of this is the use of noncovalent bonding (ionic, hydrogen, and van der Waals) in lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, where these noncovalent bonds, acting both intra and intermolecularly, precisely control the structure and thus the function of the entire system. The utilization of ionic bonding, in particular in man-made polymers has attracted widespread interest in recent years, since ionic interactions exert a similar strong influence on the structure and properties of these synthetic systems.
Book Synopsis Properties of Sulfonated Polysulfone Ionomers by : Michael A. Drzewinski
Download or read book Properties of Sulfonated Polysulfone Ionomers written by Michael A. Drzewinski and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis PEM Water Electrolysis by : Dmitri Bessarabov
Download or read book PEM Water Electrolysis written by Dmitri Bessarabov and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-04 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PEM Water Electrolysis, a volume in the Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Primers series presents the most recent advances in the field. It brings together information that has thus far been scattered in many different sources under one single title, making it a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students. Volumes One and Two allow readers to identify technology gaps for commercially viable PEM electrolysis systems for energy applications and examine the fundamentals of PEM electrolysis and selected research topics that are top of mind for the academic and industry community, such as gas cross-over and AST protocols. The book lays the foundation for the exploration of the current industrial trends for PEM electrolysis, such as power to gas application and a strong focus on the current trends in the application of PEM electrolysis associated with energy storage. Presents the fundamentals and most current knowledge in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers Explores the technology gaps and challenges for commercial deployment of PEM water electrolysis technologies Includes unconventional systems, such as ozone generators Brings together information from many different sources under one single title, making it a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students alike
Book Synopsis PEM Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production by : Dmitri Bessarabov
Download or read book PEM Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production written by Dmitri Bessarabov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ever-increasing dependence on green energy has brought on a renewed interest in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis as a viable solution for hydrogen production. While alkaline water electrolyzers have been used in the production of hydrogen for many years, there are certain advantages associated with PEM electrolysis and its relevan
Book Synopsis Ion Exchange Membranes by : Toshikatsu Sata
Download or read book Ion Exchange Membranes written by Toshikatsu Sata and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various separation membranes have been developed since their discovery over half a century ago, providing numerous benefits and fulfilling many applications in our everyday lives. They lend themselves to techniques ranging from microfiltration and gas separation, to what can be considered as the most advanced technique - ion exchange. This book, aimed at academic researchers, engineers and industrialists, contains a brief history of ion exchange and goes on to explain the preparation, characterization, modification and applications of these important membranes. Discussions include the use of ion exchange in analytical and medical techniques, as well as the development of future applications.
Book Synopsis Organic Electrodes by : Ram K. Gupta
Download or read book Organic Electrodes written by Ram K. Gupta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-16 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers synthesis, properties, and applications of organic electrodes for advanced electrochemical applications. The future applications and challenges in using organic electrodes are also explored. The chapters describe their unique electrochemical properties, surface area, nano-device integration, multifunctionality, printability, and mechanical flexibility. In this book, basic concepts and emerging electrochemical applications such as batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, fuel cells, and sensors of organic materials are covered. Apart from conventional techniques, this book explores new aspects of synthesizing organic electrodes for novel organic materials with advanced applications.
Book Synopsis Direct Methanol Fuel Cells by : Antonio Salvatore Aricò
Download or read book Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by Antonio Salvatore Aricò and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with an analysis of materials issues, status of technologies and potential applications of direct methanol fuel cells. The principle of operation of direct methanol fuel cells and the status of knowledge in the basic research areas are presented. The technology of direct methanol fuel cells is discussed in this book with particular regard to fabrication methodologies for the manufacturing of catalysts, electrolytes membrane-electrode assemblies, stack hardware and system design.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources by : Jürgen Garche
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources written by Jürgen Garche and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 4532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources is a truly interdisciplinary reference for those working with batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, and photo-electrochemical cells. With a focus on the environmental and economic impact of electrochemical power sources, this five-volume work consolidates coverage of the field and serves as an entry point to the literature for professionals and students alike. Covers the main types of power sources, including their operating principles, systems, materials, and applications Serves as a primary source of information for electrochemists, materials scientists, energy technologists, and engineers Incorporates nearly 350 articles, with timely coverage of such topics as environmental and sustainability considerations
Book Synopsis Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability by : Felix N. Büchi
Download or read book Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability written by Felix N. Büchi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-08 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a significant number of R&D projects, performed mostly after 2000, devoted to the understanding and prevention of performance degradation processes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The extent and severity of performance degradation processes in PEFCs were recognized rather gradually. Indeed, the recognition overlapped with a significant number of industrial dem- strations of fuel cell powered vehicles, which would suggest a degree of technology maturity beyond the resaolution of fundamental failure mechanisms. An intriguing question, therefore, is why has there been this apparent delay in addressing fun- mental performance stability requirements. The apparent answer is that testing of the power system under fully realistic operation conditions was one prerequisite for revealing the nature and extent of some key modes of PEFC stack failure. Such modes of failure were not exposed to a similar degree, or not at all, in earlier tests of PEFC stacks which were not performed under fully relevant conditions, parti- larly such tests which did not include multiple on–off and/or high power–low power cycles typical for transportation and mobile power applications of PEFCs. Long-term testing of PEFCs reported in the early 1990s by both Los Alamos National Laboratory and Ballard Power was performed under conditions of c- stant cell voltage, typically near the maximum power point of the PEFC.
Book Synopsis High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells by : Qingfeng Li
Download or read book High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells written by Qingfeng Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive review of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFCs are the preferred fuel cells for a variety of applications such as automobiles, cogeneration of heat and power units, emergency power and portable electronics. The first 5 chapters of the book describe rationalization and illustration of approaches to high temperature PEM systems. Chapters 6 - 13 are devoted to fabrication, optimization and characterization of phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membranes, the very first electrolyte system that has demonstrated the concept of and motivated extensive research activity in the field. The last 11 chapters summarize the state-of-the-art of technological development of high temperature-PEMFCs based on acid doped PBI membranes including catalysts, electrodes, MEAs, bipolar plates, modelling, stacking, diagnostics and applications.
Book Synopsis Membranes for Clean and Renewable Power Applications by : A Gugliuzza
Download or read book Membranes for Clean and Renewable Power Applications written by A Gugliuzza and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and deployment of membrane technologies continues to advance thanks to innovative materials and novel engineering approaches. Membranes for clean and renewable power applications introduces the principles and concepts of membrane technology and explores the use of this technology in clean energy applications. Chapters in part one introduce the utilization of membrane technology in the production of clean and renewable power and the combining of membrane processes with renewable energy technologies. Part two focusses on membranes for biofuel production and processing including membranes and membrane reactors for the production of biodiesel and second generation biofuels. Part three discusses membranes for syngas, hydrogen and oxygen production and processing. Chapters highlight steam reforming of biofuels for the production of hydrogen-rich gas A., perovskite membrane reactors, and environmental analysis of hydrogen-methane blends for transportation. Chapters in part four explore membranes for fuel cells including ceramic membranes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), microbial fuel cells, and direct bioethanol fuel cells. Finally, part five discusses membranes integrated with solar, wind energy and water-related applications including membrane technologies for solar-hydrogen production, solar-desalination plants, and the storage as methane of energy generated by wind power and other renewable sources. A final chapter introduces wastewater processing, energy conservation and energy generation. Membranes for clean and renewable power applications is a comprehensive resource for professionals and consultants in the clean and renewable energy industry, membrane and materials scientists and professionals, and academics and researchers in the field. Introduces the principles and concepts of membrane technology and explores the use of this technology in clean energy applications
Book Synopsis High Performance Polymers and Engineering Plastics by : Vikas Mittal
Download or read book High Performance Polymers and Engineering Plastics written by Vikas Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes advances in synthesis, processing, and technology of environmentally friendly polymers generated from renewable resources. With contents based on a wide range of functional monomers and contributions from eminent researchers, this volume demonstrates the design, synthesis, properties and applications of plant oil based polymers, presenting an elaborate review of acid mediated polymerization techniques for the generation of green polymers. Chemical engineers are provided with state-of-the-art information that acts to further progress research in this direction.
Book Synopsis Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells by : Javaid Zaidi
Download or read book Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells written by Javaid Zaidi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the late-1960’s, perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSAs) ionomers have dominated the PEM fuel cell industry as the membrane material of choice. The “gold standard’ amongst the many variations that exist today has been, and to a great extent still is, DuPont’s Nafion® family of materials. However, there is significant concern in the industry that these materials will not meet the cost, performance, and durability requirementsnecessary to drive commercialization in key market segments – es- cially automotive. Indeed, Honda has already put fuel cell vehicles in the hands of real end users that have home-grown fuel cell stack technology incorporating hydrocarbon-based ionomers. “Polymer Membranes in Fuel Cells” takes an in-depth look at the new chem- tries and membrane technologies that have been developed over the years to address the concerns associated with the materials currently in use. Unlike the PFSAs, which were originally developed for the chlor-alkali industry, the more recent hydrocarbon and composite materials have been developed to meet the specific requirements of PEM Fuel Cells. Having said this, most of the work has been based on derivatives of known polymers, such as poly(ether-ether ketones), to ensure that the critical requirement of low cost is met. More aggressive operational requi- ments have also spurred the development on new materials; for example, the need for operation at higher temperature under low relative humidity has spawned the creation of a plethora of new polymers with potential application in PEM Fuel Cells.
Book Synopsis Ionic Liquids IV by : Robin D. Rogers
Download or read book Ionic Liquids IV written by Robin D. Rogers and published by Amer Chemical Society. This book was released on 2007 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ionic Liquids (ILs) are now a world-wide phenomenon and have emerged from being viewed only as novel replacements for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) traditionally used as industrial solvents, into designer materials with incredible untapped potential in a wide variety of fundamental scientific and technological areas. The current series of ACS symposia dedicated to ionic liquids and the resulting books are intended to change the way people think about ionic liquids and introduce the international audience to the many new possible applications for ionic liquids. The presentations and chapters will delve more deeply into the fundamental nature of ionic liquids responsible for their fascinating behavior.
Book Synopsis Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by : David P. Wilkinson
Download or read book Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells written by David P. Wilkinson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-24 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Detailed, Up-to-Date Treatment of Key Developments in PEMFC MaterialsThe potential to revolutionize the way we power our worldBecause of its lower temperature and special polymer electrolyte membrane, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is well-suited for transportation, portable, and micro fuel cell applications. But the performance o
