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Structural Reform Priorities For Brazil
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Book Synopsis Structural Reform Priorities for Brazil by : Nina Biljanovska
Download or read book Structural Reform Priorities for Brazil written by Nina Biljanovska and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades, Brazil has experienced relatively weak economic growth due to stagnant productivity. To boost productivity, Brazil should embark on an ambitious structural reform process. In doing so, it is crucial that authorities select a few reform priorities to avoid dispersing political capital on an overly broad reform agenda. The paper aims to identify Brazil’s reform priorities in two steps. First, it estimates the impact that different reforms have on Brazil’s productivity. Second, it analyzes survey data to assess the extent of public support for reforms. The results show that banking sector reforms would generate the largest productivity gains and have the highest level of public support. Moreover, they would also be relatively easy to legislate and generate significant fiscal savings.
Book Synopsis Raising Productivity Through Structural Reform in Brazil by : Jens Matthias Arnold
Download or read book Raising Productivity Through Structural Reform in Brazil written by Jens Matthias Arnold and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recovery from the current deep recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic will require raising productivity through structural reforms. This implies a number of challenges for economic policies. With large parts of the economy shielded from competition, firms face weak incentives to become more productive. Sizeable shares of labour and capital are trapped in low-productivity firms that survive on the back of support from distortive policies. Reallocation mechanisms such as continuous firm entry, exit or the growth of stronger firms on the expense of less productive ones appear weaker than elsewhere. Domestic regulatory burdens and market entry barriers are high, reducing domestic competitive pressures. External competition is hampered by high trade barriers that have precluded Brazil from the opportunities that an increasingly integrated world economy can offer. A fragmented tax system gives rise to one of the world's highest tax compliance costs and a wide array of exemptions and special regimes reduces fairness and the redistribution effect of taxes. Financial markets used to be dominated by directed credit, but thanks to a successful policy reform that aligned directed lending rates with market rates, they are now undergoing a profound transformation. Challenges in contract enforcement suggest scope for changes in the organisation of the judiciary to reduce judicial uncertainty and reduce trial durations.
Book Synopsis Structural Reform Priorities for Brazil by : Nina Biljanovska
Download or read book Structural Reform Priorities for Brazil written by Nina Biljanovska and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades, Brazil has experienced relatively weak economic growth due to stagnant productivity. To boost productivity, Brazil should embark on an ambitious structural reform process. In doing so, it is crucial that authorities select a few reform priorities to avoid dispersing political capital on an overly broad reform agenda. The paper aims to identify Brazil’s reform priorities in two steps. First, it estimates the impact that different reforms have on Brazil’s productivity. Second, it analyzes survey data to assess the extent of public support for reforms. The results show that banking sector reforms would generate the largest productivity gains and have the highest level of public support. Moreover, they would also be relatively easy to legislate and generate significant fiscal savings.
Book Synopsis Do Structural Reforms Always Succeed? by : Jorge Saba Arbache
Download or read book Do Structural Reforms Always Succeed? written by Jorge Saba Arbache and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Brazil Economic Stabilization with Structural Reforms by :
Download or read book Brazil Economic Stabilization with Structural Reforms written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structural Reforms, Macroeconomic Fluctuations and Income Distribution in Brazil by : Marcelo Cortes Neri
Download or read book Structural Reforms, Macroeconomic Fluctuations and Income Distribution in Brazil written by Marcelo Cortes Neri and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper attempted to measure the evolution of income distribution and its determinants during the period of economic reforms. [It's] divided in two parts: ... [first] long-run relations between reforms and income distribution were explored ... [secondly] explored relations between movements of distributive variables, on the one hand, and economic reforms and macroeconomic fluctuations, on the other"--p.5
Book Synopsis Stabilization and Structural Reforms in Brazil After the Real Plan by : Adelar Fochezatto
Download or read book Stabilization and Structural Reforms in Brazil After the Real Plan written by Adelar Fochezatto and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article analysis the effects of the stabilization policies and structural reforms after the Real Plan over the Brazilian economy. Utilizing a computable general equilibrium model, the study simulated alternative policies that were compared with the historical path of the Brazilian economy during this period. The simulations showed that a stronger recession would happen in the case of a devaluation of the exchange rate or a reduction in public expenditures or an increases in the import tariffs. The best alternative policy to generate growth and to improve the income distribution would be a more accelerated devaluation in the exchange rate combined with a more aggressive reduction in import tariffs. These measures would resulted in a better economic performance and in a reduction in the external and internal public debt as well as avoided the exchange shock and the strong cut in public expenditures adopted in the end of 1998 and beginning of 1999.
Book Synopsis Brazil : Economic Stabilization with Structural Reforms by : Michael Michaely
Download or read book Brazil : Economic Stabilization with Structural Reforms written by Michael Michaely and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Distributive Effects of Brazilian Structural Reforms by : Marcelo Cortes Neri
Download or read book Distributive Effects of Brazilian Structural Reforms written by Marcelo Cortes Neri and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Distributive Effectts of Brazilian Structural Reforms by : Marcelo Côrtes Neri
Download or read book Distributive Effectts of Brazilian Structural Reforms written by Marcelo Côrtes Neri and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Staff Background Paper for the G20 Surveillance Note - Priorities for Structural Reforms in G20 Countries by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Staff Background Paper for the G20 Surveillance Note - Priorities for Structural Reforms in G20 Countries written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: provide a powerful lift to growth—both in the short and the long term—if they are well aligned with individual country conditions . These include an economy’s level of development, its position in the economic cycle, and its available macroeconomic policy space to support reforms. The larger a country’s output gap, the more it should prioritize structural reforms that will support growth in the short term and the long term—such as product market deregulation and infrastructure investment. Macroeconomic support can help make reforms more effective, by bringing forward long-term gains or alleviating their short-term costs . Where monetary policy is becoming over-burdened, domestic policy coordination can help make macroeconomic support more effective. Fiscal space, where it exists, should be used to offset short-term costs of reforms. And where fiscal constraints are binding, budget-neutral reform packages with positive demand effects should take priority. Some structural reforms can themselves help generate fiscal space. For example, IMF research finds that by boosting output, product market deregulation can help lower the debt-to-GDP ratio over time. Formulating a medium-term plan that clarifies the long-term objectives of fiscal policy can also help increase near-term fiscal space. With nearly all G-20 economies operating at below-potential output, the IMF is recommending measures that both boost near-term growth and raise long-term potential growth. For example: ? In advanced economies, these measures include shifting public spending toward infrastructure investment (Australia, Canada, Germany, United States (US)); promoting product market reforms (Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Korea, Italy) and labor market reforms (Canada, Germany, Japan, Korea, United Kingdom (UK), US); and fiscal structural reforms (France, UK, US). Where there is fiscal space, lowering employment protection is also recommended (Korea). ? Recommendations for emerging markets (EMs) focus on raising public investment efficiency ( India, Saudi Arabia, South Africa), labor market reforms (Indonesia, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey), and product market reforms (China, Saudi Arabia, South Africa), which would boost investment and productivity within tighter budgetary constraints particularly if barriers to trade and FDI were eased (Brazil, India, Indonesia). Governance (China, South Africa) and other institutional reforms are also crucial. Where policy space is limited, adjusting the composition of fiscal policy can create space to support reforms ( Argentina, India, Mexico, Russia). ? Some commodity-exporting EMs (Brazil, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa) are facing acute challenges, with output significantly below potential and an urgent need to rebuild fiscal buffers. To bolster growth, Fund staff recommends product market and legal reforms to improve the business climate and investment; trade and FDI liberalization to facilitate diversification; and financial deepening to boost credit flows. IMF advice also aims to promote inclusiveness and macroeconomic resilience. The Fund recommends a targeted expansion of social spending toward vulnerable groups (Mexico), social spending for the elderly poor ( Korea), and upgrading social programs for the nonworking poor (US). Recommendations to bolster macrofinancial resilience include expanding the housing supply (UK), resolving the corporate debt overhang (China, Korea), coordinating a national approach to regulating and supervising life insurers (US), and reforming monetary frameworks (Argentina, China).
Book Synopsis The Impact of Stabilization and Structural Reforms on Capital-labor Relations in Brazil by : Edward J. Amadeo
Download or read book The Impact of Stabilization and Structural Reforms on Capital-labor Relations in Brazil written by Edward J. Amadeo and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structural Reforms, Productivity and Technological Change in Latin America by : Jorge M. Katz
Download or read book Structural Reforms, Productivity and Technological Change in Latin America written by Jorge M. Katz and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last ten to fifteen years, profound structural reforms have moved Latin America and the Caribbean from closed, state-dominated economies to ones that are more market-oriented and open. Policymakers expected that these changes would speed up growth. This book is part of a multi-year project to determine whether these expectation have been fulfilled. Focusing on technological change, the impact of the reforms on the process of innovation is examined. It notes that the development process is proving to be highly heterogenous across industries, regions and firms and can be described as strongly inequitable. This differentiation that has emerged has implications for job creation, trade balance, and the role of small and medium sized firms. This ultimately suggests, amongst other things, the need for policies to better spread the use of new technologies.
Book Synopsis Structural change, fundamentals, and growth: a framework and case studies by : McMillan, Margaret
Download or read book Structural change, fundamentals, and growth: a framework and case studies written by McMillan, Margaret and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economic Policy Reforms 2013 Going for Growth by : OECD
Download or read book Economic Policy Reforms 2013 Going for Growth written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Going for Growth is the OECD’s annual report highlighting developments in structural policies in OECD countries. It identifies structural reform priorities to boost real income for each OECD country and key emerging economies (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa).
Book Synopsis Economic Policy Reforms 2012 Going for Growth by : OECD
Download or read book Economic Policy Reforms 2012 Going for Growth written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2012-03-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Going for Growth is the OECD’s annual report highlighting developments in structural policies in OECD countries. It identifies structural reform priorities to boost real income for each OECD country and key emerging economies.
Book Synopsis Land, Protest, and Politics by : Gabriel Ondetti
Download or read book Land, Protest, and Politics written by Gabriel Ondetti and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil is a country of extreme inequalities, one of the most important of which is the acute concentration of rural land ownership. In recent decades, however, poor landless workers have mounted a major challenge to this state of affairs. A broad grassroots social movement led by the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST) has mobilized hundreds of thousands of families to pressure authorities for land reform through mass protest. This book explores the evolution of the landless movement from its birth during the twilight years of Brazil&’s military dictatorship through the first government of Luiz In&ácio Lula da Silva. It uses this case to test a number of major theoretical perspectives on social movements and engages in a critical dialogue with both contemporary political opportunity theory and Mancur Olson&’s classic economic theory of collective action. Ondetti seeks to explain the major moments of change in the landless movement's growth trajectory: its initial emergence in the late 1970s and early 80s, its rapid takeoff in the mid-1990s, its acute but ultimately temporary crisis in the early 2000s, and its resurgence during Lula's first term in office. He finds strong support for the influential, but much-criticized political opportunity perspective. At the same time, however, he underscores some of the problems with how political opportunity has been conceptualized in the past. The book also seeks to shed light on the anomalous fact that the landless movement continued to expand in the decade following the restoration of Brazilian democracy in 1985 despite the general trend toward social-movement decline. His argument, which highlights the unusual structure of incentives involved in the struggle for land in Brazil, casts doubt on a key assumption underlying Olson's theory.
