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Structural Defect Engineering Of Tin Ii Sulfide Thin Films For Photovoltaics
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Book Synopsis Structural Defect Engineering of Tin (II) Sulfide Thin Films for Photovoltaics by : Rupak Chakraborty
Download or read book Structural Defect Engineering of Tin (II) Sulfide Thin Films for Photovoltaics written by Rupak Chakraborty and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tin (II) sulfide (SnS) is a promising Earth-abundant, non-toxic alternative to commercially available thin-film photovoltaic (PV) materials because of its near-ideal bandgap, high absorption coefficient, and potential for facile manufacturing. However, SnS-based photovoltaic devices have reached a maximum experimental efficiency of only 4.4%, compared to a theoretical maximum of 32%, primarily due to a low minority-carrier lifetime. In this work, I assess the impact of structural defects and anisotropy on the minority-carrier lifetime and other key device parameters, shedding light on the path to high-efficiency SnS-based photovoltaics. SnS thin films are deposited by thermal evaporation in a range of growth temperatures with varying structural defect density. Extended structural defects including intragranular defects and grain boundaries are directly related to minority-carrier collection length using high-resolution correlative electron microscopy. The results suggest that intragranular point defects, as opposed to extended structural defects, are likely responsible for the short minority-carrier lifetimes in present-day SnS films. Inhomogeneities in the polycrystalline SnS thin films due to the anisotropic material properties of SnS may also impact the device performance. Device simulations taking into account the orientation-dependent electron affinity of SnS show that a uniform grain orientation distribution is optimal. As a route toward both uniform grain orientation and low structural defect density, the anisotropic surface energy of SnS is harnessed by growth on a van der Waals-terminated substrate. An enhancement in both orientation uniformity and minority-carrier lifetime is measured, showing a promising path toward the ideal SnS film. Lastly, the process of optimization to reduce structural defect density may be expedited by in-situ characterization of micro- and nanoscale defects under realistic processing conditions. Toward this end, an in-situ temperature stage for synchrotron X-ray spectromicrosopy is developed to track nanoscale defects up to a sample temperature of 600°C. The stage enables previously unattainable in-situ studies of defect kinetics, allowing both a deeper understanding of how process conditions affect defect characteristics and the ability to rapidly optimize process conditions toward a defect-free film.
Book Synopsis Improving Charge Carrier Dynamics in Tin (II) Sulfide Through Targeted Defect Engineering by : Alex J. Polizzotti
Download or read book Improving Charge Carrier Dynamics in Tin (II) Sulfide Through Targeted Defect Engineering written by Alex J. Polizzotti and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tin sulfide is an emerging material for photovoltaics, with the potential for highthroughput manufacturing to combat climate change by displacing fossil fuel generation. However, device efficiencies for SnS have plateaued at below 5% efficiency, making them as yet insufficient for commercial production. Low minority carrier lifetimes of 100 ps have been shown to be the root cause of this low performance, and carrier lifetimes 1 ns are predicted to enable >10%-efficient devices. In this thesis work, I employed defect modeling to identify the most recombination-active point defects: the extrinsic Fe[subscript Sn], Co[subscript Sn], and Mo[subscript Sn] and the intrinsic V[subscript S]. I grew SnS single crystals and demonstrated that by suppressing these defects during growth, I could improve minority carrier lifetime to >1 ns. I built a unique, highly customized close-spaced sublimation furnace to translate these learnings to device-relevent thin films. By designing a system for metal-free, sulfur-rich growth at high temperature, I was able to achieve >10 ns carrier lifetimes in SnS thin films. I fabricated initial devices with this high-purity material. While none of these devices exceed the record efficiencies, they are primarily limited by poor device construction and a resulting low fill factor, and further improvements are expected to unlock the full potential of this new, improved SnS material.
Book Synopsis Three-dimensional Defect Characterization by : Amanda Youssef
Download or read book Three-dimensional Defect Characterization written by Amanda Youssef and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Porosity is postulated to be one of the reasons for the low efficiency of tin sulfide-based devices. This work is a preliminary investigation of the effects of two film growth parameters deposition rate and substrate temperature - on porosity. We employ the focused ion beam tomography technique to characterize and quantify porosity in tin sulfide thin films. We then generate 3D reconstructions of pores inside milled volumes from the films and quantify pore volumes. To explain the results, we employ nucleation theory and develop two different models: (a) a thermodynamic model that assumes pores form primarily from an effect known as "self-shadowing," whereby growth-rate anisotropy results in some grains that grow faster than their neighbors, and (b) a kinetic model that assumes a diffusion-driven process of void formation. We show that both models qualitatively support the experimental results, providing insight into process-structure relations that may improve film quality during growth.
Book Synopsis Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells by : Kentaro Ito
Download or read book Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells written by Kentaro Ito and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-23 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with an overview and historical background of Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (CZTS) technology, subsequent chapters cover properties of CZTS thin films, different preparation methods of CZTS thin films, a comparative study of CZTS and CIGS solar cell, computational approach, and future applications of CZTS thin film solar modules to both ground-mount and rooftop installation. The semiconducting compound (CZTS) is made up earth-abundant, low-cost and non-toxic elements, which make it an ideal candidate to replace Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and CdTe solar cells which face material scarcity and toxicity issues. The device performance of CZTS-based thin film solar cells has been steadily improving over the past 20 years, and they have now reached near commercial efficiency levels (10%). These achievements prove that CZTS-based solar cells have the potential to be used for large-scale deployment of photovoltaics. With contributions from leading researchers from academia and industry, many of these authors have contributed to the improvement of its efficiency, and have rich experience in preparing a variety of semiconducting thin films for solar cells.
Book Synopsis Modification of Tin(II) Sulphide Thin Films for Solar Cells by : Peter Stefan Kubiak
Download or read book Modification of Tin(II) Sulphide Thin Films for Solar Cells written by Peter Stefan Kubiak and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modification of Tin(II) Sulphide Thin Films for Solar Cells by : Peter Kubiak
Download or read book Modification of Tin(II) Sulphide Thin Films for Solar Cells written by Peter Kubiak and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thin Films Photovoltaics by : Beddiaf Zaidi
Download or read book Thin Films Photovoltaics written by Beddiaf Zaidi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin film photovoltaic-based solar modules produce power at a low cost per watt. They are ideal candidates for large-scale solar farms as well as building-integrated photovoltaic applications. They can generate consistent power, not only at elevated temperatures but also on cloudy, overcast days and at low sun angles.Thin film photovoltaics are second-generation solar cells produced by depositing one or more thin layers, or thin films, of photosensitive material on a suitable substrate such as glass, polymer, or metal. Thin film solar cells are based on various materials such as cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and amorphous thin film silicon (a-Si, TF-Si) are commercially used in several conventional and advanced technologies.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reliability and Ecological Aspects of Photovoltaic Modules by : Abdulkerim Gok
Download or read book Reliability and Ecological Aspects of Photovoltaic Modules written by Abdulkerim Gok and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-01-08 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy is expected to be the world's largest source of electricity in the future. To enhance the long-term reliability of PV modules, a thorough understanding of failure mechanisms is of vital importance. In addition, it is important to address the potential downsides to this technology. These include the hazardous chemicals needed for manufacturing solar cells, especially for thin-film technologies, and the large number of PV modules disposed of at the end of their lifecycles. This book discusses the reliability and environmental aspects of PV modules.
Book Synopsis Sulfide and Selenide Based Materials for Emerging Applications by : Goutam Kumar Dalapati
Download or read book Sulfide and Selenide Based Materials for Emerging Applications written by Goutam Kumar Dalapati and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-06-17 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfide and Selenide-Based Materials for Emerging Applications explores a materials and device-based approach to the transition to low-cost sustainable thin film photovoltaic devices and energy storage systems. Part 1 examines recent advances in renewable technologies and materials for sustainable development, as well as photovoltaic energy storage devices. Part 2 discusses thin film solar cells with earth abundant materials, highlighting the power conversion efficiency of the kesterite-based solar cells. Kesterite film technology including different synthesis and doping method designs are also discussed, along with emerging sulfide semiconductors with potential in thin film photovoltaics/flexible devices. In Part 3 sulfur- and selenides-based materials for thermoelectric applications are explored. Part 4 covers chalcogenide semiconductors with applications in electrochemical water splitting for green hydrogen generation and oxygen generation, as well as the latest research on layered 2D transition metal chalcogenides for electrochemical water splitting. To conclude, part 5 discusses recent developments of storage technologies such as Li-S batteries, sulfide-based supercapacitors and metal-ion batteries, and the development of 3D printing sulfides/selenides for energy conversion and storage. This book is a useful resource for those involved in green energy technology and decarbonization and is designed for a broad audience, from students to experienced scientists. Discusses the emerging sulfide/selenide based thin film absorber materials and their deposition methods Previews device engineering techniques that have been developed to enhance the power conversion efficiency and lifetime of sulfide/selenide based thin film solar cells Provides an update on what low cost sulfide/selenide based electro-catalysts have become available and the comparison of their performance vs. noble metal catalysts
Book Synopsis Thin Film Solar Cells by : Jef Poortmans
Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by Jef Poortmans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.
Book Synopsis Vibrational Properties of Solids by : Gideon Gilat
Download or read book Vibrational Properties of Solids written by Gideon Gilat and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Computational Physics, Volume 15: Vibrational Properties of Solids explores the application of computational methods to delineate microscopic vibrational behavior. This book is composed of nine chapters that further illustrate the utility of these methods to ordered lattices, quantum solids, impurity modes, surface modes, and amorphous solids. The opening chapters present the basic theoretical models and their computational aspects for different solids of diverse chemical nature, together with some methods of automation and computation in the highly sophisticated experiments in inelastic scattering of neutrons. These topics are followed by a discussion on how group theoretical methods treated by computers can yield the proper symmetry assignments of phonon eigenvalues and eigenstates. Considerable chapters are devoted to the different applications of traditional lattice dynamics, each having its own computational ramification. Other chapters survey the properties of solids that mostly involve integrations over the Brillouin zone. The last chapter concerns the dynamic or time-dependent aspect of lattice dynamics, namely, the calculation of thermal and electric conductivities in some models of solids. This book is of great benefit to geoscientists, physicists, and mathematicians.
Book Synopsis Crystallography in Materials Science by : Susan Schorr
Download or read book Crystallography in Materials Science written by Susan Schorr and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-07-05 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The knowledge about crystal structure and its correlation with physical properties is the prerequisite for designing new materials with taylored properties. This work provides for researchers and graduates a valuable resource on various techniques for crystal structure determinations. By discussing a broad range of different materials and tools the authors enable the understanding of why a material might be suitable for a particular application.
Book Synopsis Theoretical Modeling of Inorganic Nanostructures by : R.A. Evarestov
Download or read book Theoretical Modeling of Inorganic Nanostructures written by R.A. Evarestov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-23 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the theoretical and computational simulation of monoperiodic nanostructures for different classes of inorganic substances. These simulations are related to their synthesis and experimental studies. A theoretical formalism is developed to describe 1D nanostructures with symmetric shapes and morphologies. Three types of models are considered for this aim: (i) nanotubes (rolled from 2D nanolayers and described within the formalism of line symmetry groups); (ii) nanoribbons (obtained from 2D nanolayers by their cutting along the chosen direction of translation); (iii) nanowires (obtained from 3D lattice by its sectioning along the crystalline planes parallel to the chosen direction of translation). Quantum chemistry ab-initio methods applied for LCAO calculations on electronic and vibrational properties of 1D nanostructures are thoroughly described. Understanding of theoretical aspects presented here enlarges the possibilities for synthesis of monoperiodic nanostructures with predictable morphology and better interpretation of their properties.
Book Synopsis 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) by : IEEE Staff
Download or read book 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) written by IEEE Staff and published by . This book was released on 2015-06-14 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: scientific and engineering technical conference covering all aspects of photovoltaics materials, devices, systems and reliability
Download or read book Solar Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chalcogenide Photovoltaics by : Roland Scheer
Download or read book Chalcogenide Photovoltaics written by Roland Scheer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive description of the most important material properties and device aspects closes the gap between general books on solar cells and journal articles on chalcogenide-based photovoltaics. Written by two very renowned authors with years of practical experience in the field, the book covers II-VI and I-III-VI2 materials as well as energy conversion at heterojunctions. It also discusses the latest semiconductor heterojunction models and presents modern analysis concepts. Thin film technology is explained with an emphasis on current and future techniques for mass production, and the book closes with a compendium of failure analysis in photovoltaic thin film modules. With its overview of the semiconductor physics and technology needed, this practical book is ideal for students, researchers, and manufacturers, as well as for the growing number of engineers and researchers working in companies and institutes on chalcogenide photovoltaics.
