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Strong Ground Motions For Bridge Design And Non Linear Dynamic Response Analysis Of Bridges Microform
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Author :Vietanh Phung Publisher :Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada ISBN 13 :9780494083451 Total Pages :742 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (834 download)
Book Synopsis Strong Ground Motions for Bridge Design and Non-linear Dynamic Response Analysis of Bridges [microform] by : Vietanh Phung
Download or read book Strong Ground Motions for Bridge Design and Non-linear Dynamic Response Analysis of Bridges [microform] written by Vietanh Phung and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2005 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamic Response of Bridges to Near-fault, Forward Directivity Ground Motions by : Eliot Bonvalot
Download or read book Dynamic Response of Bridges to Near-fault, Forward Directivity Ground Motions written by Eliot Bonvalot and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Federal Highway Administration. Structures and Applied Mechanics Division Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :54 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Existing Bridge Design Methodology in Providing Adequate Structural Resistance to Seismic Disturbances by : United States. Federal Highway Administration. Structures and Applied Mechanics Division
Download or read book An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Existing Bridge Design Methodology in Providing Adequate Structural Resistance to Seismic Disturbances written by United States. Federal Highway Administration. Structures and Applied Mechanics Division and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamic Response of Bridges to Near Fault, Forward Directivity Ground Motions by : Adrian Rodriguez-Marek
Download or read book Dynamic Response of Bridges to Near Fault, Forward Directivity Ground Motions written by Adrian Rodriguez-Marek and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Use and Interpretation of Strong-motion Records from Highway Bridges by : J. D. Raggett
Download or read book Use and Interpretation of Strong-motion Records from Highway Bridges written by J. D. Raggett and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes how strong-motion records obtained from the earthquake induced motions of highway bridges may be analyzed for use in the evaluation of bridge designs and bridge design procedures. This report is divided into five principal sections. The first section describes strong-motion instrumentation and strong-motion records. In the second section, a mathematical model for the dynamic response of bridges to strong ground shaking is formulated. The third section describes how analog records scaled by hand can be analyzed. Force levels throughout bridges and mathematical model parameters are found from hypothetical strong motions for two example bridges. The fourth section describes how digitized records can be analyzed. A linear least-squares fitting procedure in the time domain for identifying mathematical model parameters from recorded strong motions is described. Hypothetical motions for three example bridges are analyzed using this procedure to yield best-fit mathematical models. The last section consists of appendices. Included are a more extensive introduction to dynamics of structures and listings of the programs used to identify the best-fit mathematical models.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Dynamic Analysis of Bridges Subjected to Spatially Varying Ground Motions by : Aikaterini Konakli
Download or read book Stochastic Dynamic Analysis of Bridges Subjected to Spatially Varying Ground Motions written by Aikaterini Konakli and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using response spectrum and time-history analysis methods, a thorough investigation of the response of bridges subjected to spatially varying support motions is performed. Three main causes of spatial variability are considered: the incoherence effect, which represents random differences in the amplitudes and phases of seismic waves due to reflections and refractions that occur during wave propagation in the heterogeneous medium of the ground and due to differential superposition of waves arriving from different parts of an extended source; the wave-passage effect, which describes the differences in the arrival times of waves at separate locations; and the site-response effect, which accounts for differences in the intensities and frequency contents of surface motions due to variable soil profiles underneath the supports. The multiple-support response spectrum (MSRS) method originally developed by Der Ki-ureghian and Neuenhofer (1992) is generalized to allow consideration of response quantities that depend on the support degrees of freedom, and extended to account for quasi-static contributions of truncated modes. Efficient algorithms and a computer code are developed for the implementation of the generalized and extended MSRS method. The code is used for comprehensive parametric analyses of four real bridge models with vastly different characteristics. The analyses identify cases of ground motion spatial variability and types of bridges for which the effects of spatial variability are significant. Methods for simulation of spatially varying ground motion arrays incorporating the effects of incoherence, wave passage and differential site response are developed. The simulated motions inherit statistical characteristics of a specified acceleration record at a reference site. The conditional simulation approach preserves time-history characteristics of the specified record; however, the array of motions exhibits increasing variability with distance from the reference site. The unconditional simulation method generates an array of motions that preserve the overall temporal and spectral characteristics of the specified record and exhibit uniform variability at all locations. The simulated motions are validated by examining their physical compliance and by comparing their response spectra, coherency characteristics and power spectral densities with corresponding target models. Sets of simulated support motions are used to investigate the effect of spatial variability on linear and non-linear bridge response by time-history analyses. Comparisons between linear and non-linear pier drifts are performed to assess the accuracy of the "equal dis-placement" rule (Veletsos and Newmark, 1960) for spatially varying ground motions. Comparisons between mean peak responses obtained from linear time-history and MSRS analyses provide information on the range of errors induced by the approximations involved in the latter method. Finally, coherency analysis of a recorded array of near-fault ground motions is performed. The ability of commonly used models to describe the incoherence component of this array is assessed.
Book Synopsis A Contact Element Approach with Hysteresis Damping for the Analysis and Design of Pounding in Bridges by : Susendar Muthukumar
Download or read book A Contact Element Approach with Hysteresis Damping for the Analysis and Design of Pounding in Bridges written by Susendar Muthukumar and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake ground motion can induce out-of-phase vibrations between adjacent structures due to differences in dynamic characteristics, which can result in impact or pounding of the structures if the at-rest separation is insufficient to accommodate the relative displacements. In bridges, seismic pounding between adjacent decks or between deck and abutment can result in localized deck damage, bearing failure, damage to shear keys and abutments, and even contribute to the collapse of bridge spans. This study investigates pounding in bridges from an analytical perspective. A simplified nonlinear model of a multiple-frame bridge is developed in MATLAB incorporating the effects of inelastic frame action, nonlinear hinge behavior and abutments. The equations of motion of the bridge response to longitudinal ground excitation are assembled and solved using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Pounding is simulated using contact force-based models such as the linear spring, Kelvin and Hertz models, as well as the momentum-based stereomechanical method. In addition, a Hertz contact model with nonlinear damping (Hertzdamp model) is also introduced to model impact. The primary factors controlling the pounding response are identified as the frame period ratio, ground motion effective period ratio, restrainer stiffness ratio and frame ductility ratio. Pounding is most critical for highly out-of-phase frames. Impact models without energy dissipation overestimate the stiff system displacements by 15%-25% for highly out-of-phase, elastic systems experiencing moderate to strong ground excitation. The Hertzdamp model is found to be the most effective in representing impact. Traditional column hysteresis models such as the elasto-plastic and bilinear models underestimate the stiff system amplification and overestimate the flexible system amplification due to impact, when compared with stiffness and strength degrading models. Strength degradation and pounding are critical on the stiff system response to near field ground motions, for highly out-of-phase systems. Current design procedures are adequate in capturing the nonlinear hinge response when the bridge columns are elastic, but require revisions such as the introduction of time dependent reduction factors, and a frame design period to work for inelastic situations. Finally, a bilinear truss element with a gap is proposed for implementing energy dissipating impact models in commercial structural software.
Book Synopsis Inelastic Analysis of Short Highway Bridges Subjected to Strong Ground Motions by : M. Saiidi
Download or read book Inelastic Analysis of Short Highway Bridges Subjected to Strong Ground Motions written by M. Saiidi and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Static and dynamic nonlinear modeling of short highway bridges subjected to lateral loads are discussed. The behavior of inelastic bridge components, namely, foundation elements, elastomeric bearing pads, and pier elements is reviewed in view of the available experimental data. Two hysteresis models were used in the model: the Ramberg-Osgood and the Trilinear Q-hyst model. The calculated and measured static and free-vibration response of a five-span bridge (The Rose Creek Interchange) which was tested as part of the project are presented. It is pointed out that no universally accepted method to determine the basic nonlinear properties of pile foundations and elastomeric bearing pads are available. This leads to a drawback in any realistic nonlinear analysis of bridges for which the response is usually greatly affected by these components. For the Rose Creek Bridge, however, it was possible to obtain a somewhat reasonable estimate of the response utilizing the results from an ambient vibration testing of the bridge and a detailed geotechnical analysis of the foundations. (Author).
Book Synopsis Case Study on the Dynamic Response of Long Bridges Subject to Spatially Varying Ground Motions by : Jordan Michael Seawright
Download or read book Case Study on the Dynamic Response of Long Bridges Subject to Spatially Varying Ground Motions written by Jordan Michael Seawright and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report analyzed the dynamic response of a long, linear elastic concrete bridge subject to spatially varying ground displacements as well as consistent ground displacements. Specifically, the study investigated the bridge's response to consistent ground displacements at all supports (U-NW), ground displacements with wave passage effects and no soil profile variability (U-WP), and ground displacements with both wave passage effects and soil profile variability (V-WP). Time-history ground displacements were taken from recordings of the Loma Prieta, Duzce, and Chuetsu earthquakes. The two horizontal components of each earthquake time-history displacement record were applied to the bridge supports in the transverse and longitudinal directions. It was found that considering wave passage effects without soil profile variability, as compared with consistent ground displacements, significantly reduced the peak total energy of the system, as well as decreasing the maximum relative longitudinal displacements. The maximum relative transverse displacements were not significantly changed in the same case. It was also found that including both wave passage effects and soil profile variability (V-WP) generally resulted in larger maximum transverse relative displacements, across all earthquake time-histories tested. Similarly, it was found that using consistent ground displacements (U-NW) generally resulted in larger maximum longitudinal relative displacements, as well as larger peak total energy values.
Book Synopsis Inelastic Static and Dynamic Analysis of Short R/c Bridges Subjected to Lateral Loads by : Mehdi Saiidi
Download or read book Inelastic Static and Dynamic Analysis of Short R/c Bridges Subjected to Lateral Loads written by Mehdi Saiidi and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Subduction Zone Earthquakes on SDOF Bridge Models by : Yicheng Long
Download or read book Effect of Subduction Zone Earthquakes on SDOF Bridge Models written by Yicheng Long and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current bridge design codes do not account for the effects of duration of mega-thrust subduction zone earthquakes. Furthermore, codes and even recent performance-based design methodologies only make use of the peak response quantities (forces, displacements, and ductility demands) and do not account for the increased number of inelastic cycles that the structure is expected to experience due to the mega-thrust long-duration subduction zone earthquake ground motions. The main goal of this research is to investigate the effect of subduction zone earthquake ground motions on bridge structures as a first step towards providing basic information for adapting current codes and performance-based design guidelines. To achieve this goal, eighty (80) subduction zone earthquake ground motions are processed and motions from shallow crustal earthquakes with similar spectral shapes are selected. Three simple nonlinear single-degree of freedom (SDOF) models are subjected to the 160 (80 x 2) ground motions and seismic demands are estimated. The SDOF models analyzed include an elasto-plastic with hardening model, a Takeda model, and a model with isolation bearings. The models are representative of recent bridges in California and the Pacific Northwest. Effects of varying the parameters that describe these SDOF models are studied. Effects of P-Delta are also investigated. Four measures of seismic demand are assumed to be correlated to damage that will be sustained by a bridge The seismic demands monitored in these analyses are ductility, energy dissipated (yielding and damping), number of inelastic excursions, and normalized cumulative absolute inelastic displacements. These four measures of seismic demand are assumed to be correlated to the damage that will be sustained by a bridge. Statistical correlation coefficients between ground motion intensity measures that are sensitive to duration (cumulative absolute velocity, significant duration, and arias intensity) and the four measures of seismic demand described above provide for new insight on the effects of duration on bridge structures. To study the effect of the long-motion duration, a parametric sensitivity analysis of simplified nonlinear SDOF models corresponding to cantilever single-column bridge bents is performed. Three different SDOF models are analyzed: an elastoplastic SDOF model, a Takeda-type (stiffness degrading) model, and an isolated bearing system model. For the elastoplastic and Takeda type models, the input parameters of this parametric analysis include: (i) R-factor (26 levels); (ii) hardening ratio (4 levels); (iii) two earthquake types (80 Crustal earthquakes records, 80 Subduction zone earthquakes records); (iv) structural periods (3 levels); (v) P-Delta effect (2 levels). For the SDOF system with the isolation bearing, the input parameters are: (i) period of the bearing (3 levels); (ii) friction coefficient (24 levels); (iii) two earthquake types (80 Crustal earthquakes records, 80 Subduction zone earthquakes records); and (iv) P-Delta effect (2 levels). The Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees) software is used to compute the nonlinear dynamic response of each SDOF model and a batch queue system (HTCondor, Thain 2005) is used for running the very large number of simulations efficiently. Comparative statistics of nonlinear response quantities of SDOF systems subjected to crustal earthquakes and subduction zone earthquakes are presented in terms of seismic capacity (normalized strength), and seismic demands (ductility factor, cumulative absolute inelastic displacement, number of inelastic excursions, ratio of damping energy and yielding energy). In addition, for the system with isolation bearings, the effect of the friction coefficient on the isolation bearing displacement, pier base shear, and deck accelerations are studied under these two earthquake types. Lastly, the linear correlation coefficient between the seismic demands and the ground motion intensity measures is presented. In conclusion, this parametric analysis provides insight on the expected damage (and its uncertainty) as a function of various ground motion characteristics of long-duration earthquake records and provides data that can be used later to calibrate design equations that have been developed for crustal ground motions.
Book Synopsis Practices and Procedures for Site-Specific Evaluations of Earthquake Ground Motions by : Neven Matasovic
Download or read book Practices and Procedures for Site-Specific Evaluations of Earthquake Ground Motions written by Neven Matasovic and published by Transportation Research Board National Research. This book was released on 2012 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 428: Practices and Procedures for Site-Specific Evaluations of Earthquake Ground Motions identifies and describes current practice and available methods for evaluating the influence of local ground conditions on earthquake design ground motions on a site-specific basis.
Book Synopsis Cost-savings of Implementing Site-specific Ground Motion Response Analysis in Design of Mississippi Embayment Bridges by : Ethan Ryan Benton Baker
Download or read book Cost-savings of Implementing Site-specific Ground Motion Response Analysis in Design of Mississippi Embayment Bridges written by Ethan Ryan Benton Baker and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep dynamic site characterization and a site-specific ground motion response analysis (SSGMRA) were conducted for a bridge site in Monette, Arkansas. The SSGMRA indicated the design acceleration response spectrum determined using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) general seismic procedure could be reduced by 1/3 for the short period range due to attenuation of the short-period ground motions. The steel girder pile-bent bridge, originally designed using the AASHTO general seismic design procedure, was redesigned using the updated seismic demands estimated from SSGMRA. A cost-savings analysis was then conducted to determine the potential savings associated with conducting the SSGMRA. By designing based on the results of the SSGMRA, a potential savings of $205,000 or 7% of the original bridge construction cost could be achieved for the study bridge. Items that contributed most to the cost savings were the pile and embankment construction.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Modelling and Analysis for Bridges Under Spatially Varying Ground Motions by : Deyi Zhang
Download or read book Stochastic Modelling and Analysis for Bridges Under Spatially Varying Ground Motions written by Deyi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake is undoubtedly one of the greatest natural disasters that can induce serious structural damage and huge losses of properties and lives. The resulting destructive consequences not only have made structural seismic analysis and design much more important but have impelled the necessity of more realistic representation of ground motions, such as inclusion of ground motion spatial variations in earthquake modelling and seismic analysis and design of structures. Recorded seismic ground motions exhibit spatial variations in their amplitudes and phases, and the spatial variabilities have an important effect on the responses of structures extended in space, such as long span bridges. Because of the multi-parametric nature and the complexity of the problems, the development of specific design provisions on spatial variabilities of ground motions in modern seismic codes has been impeded. Eurocode 8 is currently the only seismic standard worldwide that gives a set of detailed guidelines to explicitly tackle spatial variabilities of ground motions in bridge design, providing both a simplified design scheme and an analytical approach. However, there is gap between the code-specified provisions in Eurocode 8 and the realistic representation of spatially varying ground motions (SVGM) and the corresponding stochastic vibration analysis (SVA) approaches. This study is devoted to bridge this gap on modelling of SVGM and development of SVA approaches for structures extended in space under SVGM. A complete and realistic SVGM representation approach is developed by accounting for the incoherence effect, wave-passage effect, site-response effect, ground motion nonstationarity, tridirectionality, and spectra-compatibility. This effort brings together various aspects regarding rational seismic scenarios determination, comprehensive methods of accounting for varying site effects, conditional modelling of SVGM nonstationarity, and code-specified ground motion spectra-compatibility. A comprehensive, systematic, and efficient SVA methodology is derived for long span structures under tridirectional nonstationary SVGM. An absolute-response-oriented scheme of pseudo-excitation method and an improved high precision direct integration method are proposed to reduce the enormous computational effort of conventional nonstationary SVA. A scheme accounting for tridirectional varying site-response effect is incorporated in the nonstationary SVA scheme systematically. The proposed highly efficient and accurate SVA approach is implemented and verified in a general finite element analysis platform to make it readily applicable in SVA of complex structures. Based on the proposed SVA approach, parametric studies of two practical long span bridges under SVGM are conducted. To account for spatial randomness and variability of soil properties in soil-structure interaction analysis of structures under SVGM, a meshfree-Galerkin approach is proposed within the Karhunen-Loeve expansion scheme for representation of spatial soil properties modelled as a random field. The meshfree shape functions are proposed as a set of basis functions in the Galerkin scheme to solve integral equation of Karhunen-Loeve expansion, with a proposed optimization scheme in treating the compatibility between the target and analytical covariance models. The accuracy and validity of the meshfree-Galerkin scheme are assessed and demonstrated by representation of covariance models for various homogeneous and nonhomogeneous spatial fields. The developed modelling approaches of SVGM and the derived analytical SVA approaches can be applied to provide more refined solutions for quantitatively assessing code-specified design provisions and developing new design provisions. The proposed meshfree-Galerkin approach can be used to account for spatial randomness and variability of soil properties in soil-structure interaction analysis.
Book Synopsis Seismic Design Aids for Nonlinear Pushover Analysis of Reinforced Concrete and Steel Bridges by : Jeffrey Ger
Download or read book Seismic Design Aids for Nonlinear Pushover Analysis of Reinforced Concrete and Steel Bridges written by Jeffrey Ger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-06-07 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonlinear static monotonic (pushover) analysis has become a common practice in performance-based bridge seismic design. The popularity of pushover analysis is due to its ability to identify the failure modes and the design limit states of bridge piers and to provide the progressive collapse sequence of damaged bridges when subjected to major earthquakes. Seismic Design Aids for Nonlinear Pushover Analysis of Reinforced Concrete and Steel Bridges fills the need for a complete reference on pushover analysis for practicing engineers. This technical reference covers the pushover analysis of reinforced concrete and steel bridges with confined and unconfined concrete column members of either circular or rectangular cross sections as well as steel members of standard shapes. It provides step-by-step procedures for pushover analysis with various nonlinear member stiffness formulations, including: Finite segment-finite string (FSFS) Finite segment-moment curvature (FSMC) Axial load-moment interaction (PM) Constant moment ratio (CMR) Plastic hinge length (PHL) Ranging from the simplest to the most sophisticated, the methods are suitable for engineers with varying levels of experience in nonlinear structural analysis. The authors also provide a downloadable computer program, INSTRUCT (INelastic STRUCTural Analysis of Reinforced-Concrete and Steel Structures), that allows readers to perform their own pushover analyses. Numerous real-world examples demonstrate the accuracy of analytical prediction by comparing numerical results with full- or large-scale test results. A useful reference for researchers and engineers working in structural engineering, this book also offers an organized collection of nonlinear pushover analysis applications for students.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Dynamic Analysis of Bridges Subjected to Spatially Varying Ground Motions by : Katerina Konakli
Download or read book Stochastic Dynamic Analysis of Bridges Subjected to Spatially Varying Ground Motions written by Katerina Konakli and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions for Bridge Response Analysis in Complex Topographic Conditions by : Zhan Yu
Download or read book Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions for Bridge Response Analysis in Complex Topographic Conditions written by Zhan Yu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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