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Author : J. R. Rice
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Stressing, Seismicity and Rupture of Slip Deficient Fault Zones written by J. R. Rice and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James R. Rice
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (233 download)
Download or read book Stressing, Seismicity and Rupture of Slip-deficient Fault Zones written by James R. Rice and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James R. Rice
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (168 download)
Download or read book Final Technical Report to U.S. Geological Survey on Stressing, Seismicity and Rupture of Slip-deficient Fault Zones written by James R. Rice and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Marion Y. Thomas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119156882
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)
Download or read book Fault Zone Dynamic Processes written by Marion Y. Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquakes are some of the most dynamic features of the Earth. This multidisciplinary volume presents an overview of earthquake processes and properties including the physics of dynamic faulting, fault fabric and mechanics, physical and chemical properties of fault zones, dynamic rupture processes, and numerical modeling of fault zones during seismic rupture. This volume examines questions such as: • What are the dynamic processes recorded in fault gouge? • What can we learn about rupture dynamics from laboratory experiments? • How do on-fault and off-fault properties affect seismic ruptures? • How do fault zones evolve over time? Fault Zone Dynamic Processes: Evolution of Fault Properties During Seismic Rupture is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers and students from across the geosciences interested in the earthquakes processes.
Author : A. Landgraf
Publisher : Geological Society of London
ISBN 13 : 1862397457
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (623 download)
Download or read book Seismicity, Fault Rupture and Earthquake Hazards in Slowly Deforming Regions written by A. Landgraf and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2017-01-30 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palaeoseismic records and seismological data from continental interiors increasingly show that these areas of slow strain accumulation are more subject to seismic and associated natural hazards than previously thought. Moreover, some of our instincts developed for assessing hazards at plate boundaries might not apply here. Hence assessing hazards and drawing implications for the future is challenging, and how well it can be done heavily depends on the ability to assess the spatiotemporal distribution of past large earthquakes. This book explores some key issues in understanding hazards in slowly deforming areas. Examples include classic intraplate regions, such as Central and Northern Europe, Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Australia, and North and South America, and regions of widely distributed strain, such as the Tien Shan Mountains in Central Asia. The papers in this volume are grouped into two sections. The first section deals with instrumental and historical earthquake data and associated hazard assessments. The second section covers methods from structural geology, palaeoseismology and tectonic geomorphology, and incorporates field evidence.
Author : Eiichi Fukuyama
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080922465
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Fault-Zone Properties and Earthquake Rupture Dynamics written by Eiichi Fukuyama and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-04-24 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamics of the earthquake rupture process are closely related to fault zone properties which the authors have intensively investigated by various observations in the field as well as by laboratory experiments. These include geological investigation of the active and fossil faults, physical and chemical features obtained by the laboratory experiments, as well as the seismological estimation from seismic waveforms. Earthquake dynamic rupture can now be modeled using numerical simulations on the basis of field and laboratory observations, which should be very useful for understanding earthquake rupture dynamics.Features:* First overview of new and improved techniques in the study of earthquake faulting* Broad coverage* Full colorBenefits:* A must-have for all geophysicists who work on earthquake dynamics* Single resource for all aspects of earthquake dynamics (from lab measurements to seismological observations to numerical modelling)* Bridges the disciplines of seismology, structural geology and rock mechanics* Helps readers to understand and interpret graphs and mapsAlso has potential use as a supplementary resource for upper division and graduate geophysics courses.
Author : Yehuda Ben-Zion
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3034601387
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (346 download)
Download or read book Mechanics, Structure and Evolution of Fault Zones written by Yehuda Ben-Zion and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-30 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable progress has been made recently in quantifying geometrical and physical properties of fault surfaces and adjacent fractured and granulated damage zones in active faulting environments. There has also been significant progress in developing rheologies and computational frameworks that can model the dynamics of fault zone processes. This volume provides state-of-the-art theoretical and observational results on the mechanics, structure and evolution of fault zones. Subjects discussed include damage rheologies, development of instabilities, fracture and friction, dynamic rupture experiments, and analyses of earthquake and fault zone data.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309065623
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Living on an Active Earth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-09-22 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The destructive force of earthquakes has stimulated human inquiry since ancient times, yet the scientific study of earthquakes is a surprisingly recent endeavor. Instrumental recordings of earthquakes were not made until the second half of the 19th century, and the primary mechanism for generating seismic waves was not identified until the beginning of the 20th century. From this recent start, a range of laboratory, field, and theoretical investigations have developed into a vigorous new discipline: the science of earthquakes. As a basic science, it provides a comprehensive understanding of earthquake behavior and related phenomena in the Earth and other terrestrial planets. As an applied science, it provides a knowledge base of great practical value for a global society whose infrastructure is built on the Earth's active crust. This book describes the growth and origins of earthquake science and identifies research and data collection efforts that will strengthen the scientific and social contributions of this exciting new discipline.
Author : Atilla Aydin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Patterns of Slip Distribution at Depth and Stress Transfer Associated with Three Sequential Earthquakes Along the Calaveras Fault, California written by Atilla Aydin and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yehuda Ben-Zion
Publisher : Birkhäuser
ISBN 13 : 9783030245207
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (452 download)
Download or read book Frontiers in Studies of Earthquakes and Faults written by Yehuda Ben-Zion and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2019-08-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent theoretical and technique developments, novel laboratory experiments, dense seismic arrays, and other high quality data sets offer opportunities for advancing significantly the understanding of earthquakes and faults. This volume describes the state-of-the-art in several frontiers in studies of earthquakes and faults. The subjects covered include analysis of earthquake source properties, models of dynamic ruptures and slow slip events, imaging fault zones and the crust, detection of small earthquakes, high-resolution laboratory fracturing experiments, temporal changes of seismic properties, inversions of focal mechanisms to stress and more. The volume will be useful to students and professional researchers from Earth Sciences, Material Sciences, Solid Mechanics and other disciplines, who are interested in properties and processes of earthquakes and faults. Previously published in Pure and Applied Geophysics, Volume 176, Issue 3, 2019
Author : Timothy H. Dixon
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780231138666
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (386 download)
Download or read book The Seismogenic Zone of Subduction Thrust Faults written by Timothy H. Dixon and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subduction zones, one of the three types of plate boundaries, return Earth's surface to its deep interior. Because subduction zones are gently inclined at shallow depths and depress Earth's temperature gradient, they have the largest seismogenic area of any plate boundary. Consequently, subduction zones generate Earth's largest earthquakes and most destructive tsunamis. As tragically demonstrated by the Sumatra earthquake and tsunami of December 2004, these events often impact densely populated coastal areas and cause large numbers of fatalities. While scientists have a general understanding of the seismogenic zone, many critical details remain obscure. This volume attempts to answer such fundamental concerns as why some interplate subduction earthquakes are relatively modest in rupture length (greater than 100 km) while others, such as the great (M greater than 9) 1960 Chile, 1964 Alaska, and 2004 Sumatra events, rupture along 1000 km or more. Contributors also address why certain subduction zones are fully locked, accumulating elastic strain at essentially the full plate convergence rate, while others appear to be only partially coupled or even freely slipping; whether these locking patterns persist through the seismic cycle; and what is the role of sediments and fluids on the incoming plate. Nineteen papers written by experts in a variety of fields review the most current lab, field, and theoretical research on the origins and mechanics of subduction zone earthquakes and suggest further areas of exploration. They consider the composition of incoming plates, laboratory studies concerning sediment evolution during subduction and fault frictional properties, seismic and geodetic studies, and regional scale deformation. The forces behind subduction zone earthquakes are of increasing environmental and societal importance.
Author : Jingqian Kang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Deformation of Compliant Fault Zones Induced by Nearby Earthquakes written by Jingqian Kang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using dynamic modeling of earthquake rupture on a strike-slip fault and seismic wave propagation in a three dimensional inhomogeneous elastoplastic medium, I investigate the inelastic response of compliant fault zones to nearby earthquakes. I primarily examine the plastic strain distribution within the fault zone and the displacement field that characterizes the effects of the presence of the fault zone. I find that when the fault zone rocks are close to failure in the prestress field, plastic strain occurs along the entire fault zone near the Earth's surface and some portions of the fault zone in the extensional quadrant at depth, while the remaining portion deforms elastically. Plastic strain enhances the surface displacement of the fault zone, and the enhancement in the extensional quadrant is stronger than that in the compressive quadrant. These findings suggest that taking into account both elastic and inelastic deformation of fault zones to nearby earthquakes may improve our estimations of fault zone structure and properties from small-scale surface deformation signals. Furthermore, identifying the inelastic response of nearby fault zones to large earthquakes may allow us to place some constraints on the absolute stress level in the crust. I also investigate how to distinguish inelastic and elastic responses of compliant fault zones to the nearby rupture. I explore in detail the range of plastic parameters that allow plastic strain to occur and examine its effect on the displacement field around compliant fault zone. I find that the sympathetic motion (i.e., consistent to long-term geologic slip) or the reduced retrograde motion (i.e., opposite to long-term geologic slip) observed in residual displacement on fault parallel horizontal direction can be directly used to distinguish the inelastic deformation from the elastic deformation. This may help better interpret the geodetic observations in the further. In addition, I conduct models with various fault zone geometries (i.e., depth, width and shape) and rigidity reduction properties to test their effects on the displacement field. The results from elastic models suggest that to the same dynamic rupture source, the deeper and wider pre-existing nearby fault zone will result in larger residual displacement. But this only applies to fault zones with large depth extent. For shallow fault zones, residual displacement tends to keep the same magnitude or even decreases with fault zone width. While in plastic models, where plastic strain is allowed, displacement field is more complex. The magnitude of the residual displacement will be enhanced by the occurrence of plastic strain. Then I extend the theoretical simulations of an idealized planar rupture fault system into one in a geometrically complex real fault system in the East California Shear Zone (ECSZ). I compare our simulation results of the 1992 Landers Earthquake with the geodetic observations. Responses of the Calico and Rodman compliant fault zone are better understood by taking into account of both inelastic and elastic responses of compliant fault zones to the nearby Landers rupture. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152529
Author : David Healy
Publisher : Geological Society of London
ISBN 13 : 1862393478
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (623 download)
Download or read book Faulting, Fracturing and Igneous Intrusion in the Earth's Crust written by David Healy and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2012 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geologists have long grappled with understanding the mechanical origins of rock deformation. Stress regimes control the nucleation, growth and reactivation of faults and fractures; induce seismic activity; affect the transport of magma; and modulate structural permeability, thereby influencing the redistribution of hydrothermal and hydrocarbon fluids. Experimentalists endeavour to recreate deformation structures observed in nature under controlled stress conditions. Earth scientists studying earthquakes will attempt to monitor or deduce stress changes in the Earth as it actively deforms. All are building upon the pioneering research and concepts of Ernest Masson Anderson, dating back to the start of the twentieth century. This volume celebrates Anderson's legacy, with 14 original research papers that examine faulting and seismic hazard; structural inheritance; the role of local and regional stress fields; low angle faults and the role of pore fluids; supplemented by reviews of Andersonian approaches and a reprint of his classic paper of 1905--
Author : J. R. Rice
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (249 download)
Download or read book Rupture Mechanics of Slip-deficient Fault Zones written by J. R. Rice and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yehuda Ben-Zion
Publisher : Birkhäuser
ISBN 13 : 9783034809238
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Properties and Processes of Crustal Fault Zones written by Yehuda Ben-Zion and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent theoretical developments, acquisitions of large seismic and other data sets, detailed geological studies and novel laboratory experiments offer new opportunities for advancing the understanding of fault zone and earthquake processes. The present and a previous volume provide broad state-of-the-art perspectives on earthquakes and crustal fault zones. Subjects discussed in this volume include imaging of fault zones and the crust, microstructural analyses of fault zone rocks, long paleoseismic record, inferences on stress, stress drops and fault geometries, properties of dynamic ruptures, generation and healing of rock damage, temporal changes of attenuation, postseismic deformation and scaling of earthquake source properties. The volume will be useful to students and professional researchers from Earth Sciences, Material Sciences, Physics and other disciplines, who are interested in properties and processes of earthquakes and faults.
Author : Ge Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Fault Zone Geometrical Complexity and Material Contrast on Earthquake Rupture Propagation written by Ge Li and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Seismic hazard analysis of continental faults is a difficult task due to many challenges. Continental faults, especially intraplate faults are usually poorly mapped with elusive activity. In addition, they usually exhibit high geometrical complexities such as step-overs and bends. Finally, continental faults can also serve as material interfaces, introducing the bimaterial effect. Fault geometrical complexity and bimaterial contrast often coexist and the study on their joint influence is still insufficient. This thesis is designed to address these challenges using both seismic observations and numerical models. I first explore how to clearly identify the seismogenic potential as well as subsurface geometries of the Leech River fault zone (LRFZ), an intraplate fault system in southern Vancouver Island. My results reveal an ~ 8-10 km wide, NNE-dipping zone of seismicity representing a subsurface structure associated with the LRFZ. Based on seismicity clustering analysis, repeating events analysis and focal mechanism inversion, I find that the LRFZ can be interpreted as an extensional step-over system, which consists of two right-lateral active fault structures: the LRF structure to the north, and a secondary sub-vertical structure to the south. The latter is possibly an extension of the Southern Whidbey Island fault (SWIF).Then, I perform 3D finite element simulations to study rupture jumping scenarios from the LRF (source fault) to the SWIF (receiver fault), focusing on the influences of the offset distance (L0), fault stress ratio (S0), and fault burial depth (D). A smaller L0, a smaller S0 on either fault, or a shallower D will promote rupture jumping. I show that the final rupture jumping scenario depends on various parameters, which can be collectively represented by two keystone variables, the time-averaged Over Stressed Zone size $\overline{R_e}$ and the receiver fault initial stress level. Specifically, a smaller L0, a smaller S0 on either fault, or a shallower D will lead to a larger $\overline{R_e}$. The seismic moment on the receiver fault increases with increasing $\overline{R_e}$. When $\overline{R_e}$ reaches the threshold dependent on the receiver fault S0, the rupture becomes break-away.Finally, I conduct 2D finite-element simulations to investigate the joint influence of fault bends and the bimaterial effect on rupture processes. The bimaterial effect promotes rupture propagation in the preferred direction with higher rupture speeds and peak slip rates, and produces larger rupture sizes in partially ruptured scenarios. But it cannot promote a completely arrested rupture evolving into a partially or completely ruptured one. This is attributed to the fact that the bimaterial effect is severely suppressed when the bending angle is large. The rupture is completely arrested when $\Delta G$ (the difference between the static energy release rate and the fracture energy on the kinked segment) is negative. A larger $\Delta G$ produces a larger rupture. Compared to the influence of fault bending, the bimaterial effect can only increase $\Delta G$ by a negligible amount. Therefore, the fault bending geometry is the dominant factor controlling earthquake rupture propagation, while the material contrast is a secondary factor"--
Author : Khurram Aslam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book Effect of Fault Roughness on Aftershock Distribution written by Khurram Aslam and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large earthquake triggers earthquakes on many nearby faults. Most of the triggered earthquakes (i.e. aftershocks) can be explained by the static stress increase in the region where they occur. Some aftershocks also occur in the regions of static stress decrease or stress shadows. The current physical models of aftershock occurrence are not able to explain aftershocks that are observed in stress shadows. The static stress changes, following an earthquake, are calculated using slip that occurs on the main fault. The source inversions, which calculate these slips, are not able to resolve finer scale details of slip due to their coarser spatial resolution. The finer scale details of slip influence finer static stress changes, which plays an important role in the production of smaller aftershocks. These finer details of stresses may be able to better explain the occurrence of aftershocks in stress shadows. In this study, we perform dynamic earthquake rupture simulations of large earthquakes. This modeling resolves the finer scale details of slip based on elasticity and friction and hence has the ability to predict the spatial distribution of slip and stress changes. We perform numerous two dimensional (2D) earthquake rupture simulations on rough strike slip faults assuming elastic and plastic off-fault material properties. We consider many different realizations of a self-affine rough fault profile. We output the static stress changes in the off-fault medium from our simulations and use these to calculate the Coulomb failure function (CFF) in the region surrounding the fault. We use similar and variable orientations for receiver faults planes to calculate CFF values. The similar receiver fault plane orientations are chosen to be parallel to the overall trace of the main fault, while the variable receiver fault orientations are determined using the angle at which plastic shear strain is maximum. Our results show that the stresses are highly complex in the region close to the fault. This complexity reduces as the distance from the fault increases. We conclude that the stress complexity observed in the near-fault region is due to roughness of the fault profile. The complexity of stresses in the near-fault region causes the CFF to be highly heterogeneous in the near-fault region. We observe many positive CFF zones within negative CFF zones in the near-fault region. We believe that these are the potential locations of aftershocks observed in stress shadows. The areas where they appear would be seen as stress shadows in typical static stress change calculations due to insufficient resolution of the fault slip. Furthermore, we observe that the overall trend of the CFF with distance remains similar either assuming elastic or plastic off-fault material properties. In the near-fault region, we observe many more positive CFF zones when we calculate CFF values using variable receiver fault orientations. Our results suggest that the spatial aftershock distribution surrounding a fault is controlled by both stress heterogeneity as well as the co-seismic damage zone complexity. Comparing our model rupture areas of positive CFF zones with rupture areas of aftershocks and preshocks from relocated earthquake catalogs of Northern and Southern California, we conclude that the stresses in the near-fault region are dominated by the fault roughness effects throughout the seismic cycle. We model the inter-seismic period of a complex rupture by running a quasi-static model (LTM) initialized with stresses from dynamic earthquake rupture model. Our results show that the geometrical bends of the fault profile cause the plastic deformation to be localized in the co-seismic phase, which acts as a seed for the development of new shear features in the inter-seismic phase..
