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Author : R. D. Kane
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (225 download)
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel in Fuel Grade Ethanol written by R. D. Kane and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. D. Kane
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (237 download)
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel in Fuel Grade Ethanol written by R. D. Kane and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Xiaoyuan Lou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (74 download)
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking and Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Simulated Fuel-grade Ethanol written by Xiaoyuan Lou and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, ethanol, as well as other biofuels, has been increasingly gaining popularity as a major alternative liquid fuel to replace conventional gasoline for road transportation. One of the key challenges for the future use of bioethanol is to increase its availability in the market via an efficient and economic way. However, one major concern in using the existing gas-pipelines to transport fuel-grade ethanol or blended fuel is the potential corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of carbon steel pipelines in these environments. Both phenomenological and mechanistic investigations have been carried out in order to address the possible degradation phenomena of X-65 pipeline carbon steel in simulated fuel-grade ethanol (SFGE). Firstly, the susceptibilities of stress corrosion cracking of this steel in SFGE were studied. Ethanol chemistry of SFGE was shown to have great impact on the stress corrosion crack initiation/propagation and the corrosion mode transition. Inclusions in the steel can increase local plastic strain and act as crack initiation sites. Secondly, the anodic behavior of carbon steel electrode was investigated in detail under different ethanol chemistry conditions. General corrosion and pitting susceptibility under unstressed condition were found to be sensitive to the ethanol chemistry. Low tendency to passivate and the sensitivity to ethanol chemistry are the major reasons which drive corrosion process in this system. Oxygen plays a critical role in controlling the passivity of carbon steel in ethanol. Thirdly, the detailed study was carried out to understand the SCC mechanism of carbon steel in SFGE. A film related anodic dissolution process was identified to be a major driving force during the crack propagation. Fourthly, more detailed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies using phase angle analysis and transmission line simulation reveal a clearer physical picture of the stress corrosion cracking process in this environment. Fifthly, the cathodic reactions of carbon steel in SFGE were also investigated to understand the oxygen and hydrogen reactions. Hydrogen uptake into the pipeline steel and the conditions of the fractures related to hydrogen embrittlement were identified and studied.
Author : Liu Cao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (828 download)
Download or read book Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel in Simulated Fuel Grade Ethanol written by Liu Cao and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An oxygen depletion induced dissolution model and the traditional film rupture induced dissolution model were proposed to explain the mechanism of ethanol SCC. A few models based on oxygen diffusion and consumption were considered in an attempt to explain the differences of the two proposed mechanisms. Complete oxygen depletion is less likely to occur at crack tip.
Author : Lindsey R. Goodman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (844 download)
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of X65 Pipeline Steel in Fuel Grade Ethanol Environments written by Lindsey R. Goodman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the demand for alternatives to fossil fuels has risen dramatically, and ethanol fuel has become an important liquid fuel alternative globally. The most efficient mode of transportation of petroleum-based fuel is via pipelines, and due to the 300% increase in ethanol use in the U.S. in the past decade, a similar method of conveyance must be adopted for ethanol. Low-carbon, low-alloy pipeline steels like X52, X60, and X65 comprise the existing fuel transmission pipeline infrastructure. However, similar carbon steels, used in the ethanol processing and production industry, were found to exhibit stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in ethanol service. Prior work has shown that contaminants absorbed by the ethanol during distillation, processing or transport could be the possible determinants of SCC susceptibility; 200 proof ethanol alone was shown not to cause SCC in laboratory studies. To ensure the safety and integrity of the pipeline system, it was necessary to perform a mechanistic study of SCC of pipeline steel in fuel grade ethanol (FGE).\r : The objective of this work was to determine the environmental factors relating to SCC of X65 steel in fuel grade ethanol (FGE) environments. To accomplish this, a systematic study was done to test effects of FGE feedstock and common contaminants and constituents such as water, chloride, dissolved oxygen, and organic acids on SCC behavior of an X65 pipeline steel. Slow strain rate tests (SSRT) were employed to evaluate and compare specific constituents' effects on crack density, morphology, and severity of SCC of X65 in FGE. SCC did not occur in commercial FGE environments, regardless of the ethanol feedstock. In both FGE and simulated fuel grade ethanol (SFGE), SCC of carbon steel was found to occur at low water contents (below 5 vol%) when chloride was present above a specific threshold quantity. Cl- threshold for SCC varied from 10ppm in FGE to approximately 1 ppm in SFGE. SCC of carbon steel was inhibited when oxygen was removed from solution via N2 purge or pHe was increased by addition of NaOH. During SSRT, in-situƠ electrochemical measurements showed a significant role of film rupture in the SCC mechanism. Analysis of repassivation kinetics in mechanical scratch tests revealed a large initial anodic dissolution current spike in SCC-causing environments, followed by repassivation indicated by current transient decay. In the deaerated environments, repassivation did not occur, while in alkaline SFGE repassivation was significantly more rapid than in SCC-inducing SFGE. Composition and morphology of the passive film on X65 during static exposure tests was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results showed stability of an air-formed native oxide under static immersion in neutral (pHe = 5.4) SFGE, and dissolution of the film when pHe was decreased to 4.3. XPS spectra indicated changes in film composition at high pHe (near 13) and in environments lacking sufficient water. In light of all results, a film-rupture anodic-dissolution mechanism is proposed in which local plastic strains facilitates local breakdown of the air-formed oxide film, causing iron to dissolve anodically. During crack propagation anodic dissolution occurs at the crack tip while crack walls repassivate preserving crack geometry and local stress concentration at the tip. It is also proposed that SCC can be mitigated by use of alkaline inhibitors that speed repassivation and promotes formation of a more protective Fe(OH)3 film.
Download or read book Effect of MnS Inclusion Dissolution on Carbon Steel Stress Corrosion Cracking in Fuel-grade Ethanol written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : D. Hansen
Publisher : The Electrochemical Society
ISBN 13 : 1566778700
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (667 download)
Download or read book Corrosion and Biofuels written by D. Hansen and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers included in this issue of ECS Transactions were originally presented in the symposium ¿Corrosion and Biofuels¿ held during the 218th meeting of The Electrochemical Society, in Las Vegas, Nevada, from October 10 to 15, 2010.
Author : R. Winston Revie
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470080329
Total Pages : 1299 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook written by R. Winston Revie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-12 with total page 1299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a reference for engineers, scientists, and students concerned with the use of materials in applications where reliability and resistance to corrosion are important. It updates the coverage of its predecessor, including coverage of: corrosion rates of steel in major river systems and atmospheric corrosion rates, the corrosion behavior of materials such as weathering steels and newer stainless alloys, and the corrosion behavior and engineering approaches to corrosion control for nonmetallic materials. New chapters include: high-temperature oxidation of metals and alloys, nanomaterials, and dental materials, anodic protection. Also featured are chapters dealing with standards for corrosion testing, microbiological corrosion, and electrochemical noise.
Author : Yongseung Yun
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789850436
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)
Download or read book Alcohol Fuels written by Yongseung Yun and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol fuels must remain as an essential component for the realization of a sustainable low-carbon society. Use of locally available, under-utilized feedstock becomes important for local energy security as well as an option for distributed energy infrastructure. Utilizing the available feedstock that has not been properly regarded as a legitimate resource due to economic and social reasons should be the focal point in the search for possible resources for alcohol fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass and algal species are feedstocks that suit the purpose. This book can provide a brief introduction regarding the recent advances in the alcohol fuel field that is in constant challenge from recent issues on CO2, shale oil, power-to-gas, and hydrogen.
Author : V S Raja
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857093762
Total Pages : 817 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking written by V S Raja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which causes sudden failure of metals and other materials subjected to stress in corrosive environment(s), has a significant impact on a number of sectors including the oil and gas industries and nuclear power production. Stress corrosion cracking reviews the fundamentals of the phenomenon as well as examining stress corrosion behaviour in specific materials and particular industries. The book is divided into four parts. Part one covers the mechanisms of SCC and hydrogen embrittlement, while the focus of part two is on methods of testing for SCC in metals. Chapters in part three each review the phenomenon with reference to a specific material, with a variety of metals, alloys and composites discussed, including steels, titanium alloys and polymer composites. In part four, the effect of SCC in various industries is examined, with chapters covering subjects such as aerospace engineering, nuclear reactors, utilities and pipelines. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Stress corrosion cracking is an essential reference for engineers and designers working with metals, alloys and polymers, and will be an invaluable tool for any industries in which metallic components are exposed to tension, corrosive environments at ambient and high temperatures. Examines the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) presenting recognising testing methods and materials resistant to SCC Assesses the effect of SCC on particular metals featuring steel, stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, magnesium alloys, copper-based alloys and welds in steels Reviews the monitoring and management of SCC and the affect of SCC in different industries such as petrochemical and aerospace
Author : Arthur J. Ragauskas
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814513288
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)
Download or read book Materials for Biofuels written by Arthur J. Ragauskas and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invaluable book provides a broad and detailed introduction to the fascinating and hot research subject of transformation of biomass-related materials to biofuels. Biofuel production can be categorized into a variety of novel conversion and refinery development technologies. However, biomass recalcitrance is the biggest challenge blocking the way in biofuel conversion. This book provides an enlightening view of the frontiers in leading pretreatments, downstream enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation technology, corrosion issues in biofuel and merging biofuels technology into a pulp mill to pave the way for future large-scale biofuel production.
Author : The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030362965
Total Pages : 2046 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)
Download or read book TMS 2020 149th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings written by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 2046 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection presents papers from the 149th Annual Meeting & Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.
Author : API.
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)
Download or read book API 939-D : Stress concentration cracking of carbon steel in fuel grade ethanol : review, experience survey, field monitoring and laboratory testing written by API. and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Y. Frank Cheng
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118537084
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines written by Y. Frank Cheng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-13 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains why pipeline stress corrosion cracking happens and how it can be prevented Pipelines sit at the heart of the global economy. When they are in good working order, they deliver fuel to meet the ever-growing demand for energy around the world. When they fail due to stress corrosion cracking, they can wreak environmental havoc. This book skillfully explains the fundamental science and engineering of pipeline stress corrosion cracking based on the latest research findings and actual case histories. The author explains how and why pipelines fall prey to stress corrosion cracking and then offers tested and proven strategies for preventing, detecting, and monitoring it in order to prevent pipeline failure. Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines begins with a brief introduction and then explores general principals of stress corrosion cracking, including two detailed case studies of pipeline failure. Next, the author covers: Near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelines High pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelines Stress corrosion cracking of pipelines in acidic soil environments Stress corrosion cracking at pipeline welds Stress corrosion cracking of high-strength pipeline steels The final chapter is dedicated to effective management and mitigation of pipeline stress corrosion cracking. Throughout the book, the author develops a number of theoretical models and concepts based on advanced microscopic electrochemical measurements to help readers better understand the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking. By examining all aspects of pipeline stress corrosion cracking—the causes, mechanisms, and management strategies—this book enables engineers to construct better pipelines and then maintain and monitor them to ensure safe, reliable energy supplies for the world.
Author : Alec Groysman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400778848
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Corrosion in Systems for Storage and Transportation of Petroleum Products and Biofuels written by Alec Groysman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-17 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book treats corrosion as it occurs and affects processes in real-world situations, and thus points the way to practical solutions. Topics described include the conditions in which petroleum products are corrosive to metals; corrosion mechanisms of petroleum products; which parts of storage tanks containing crude oils and petroleum products undergo corrosion; dependence of corrosion in tanks on type of petroleum products; aggressiveness of petroleum products to polymeric material; how microorganisms take part in corrosion of tanks and pipes containing petroleum products; which corrosion monitoring methods are used in systems for storage and transportation of petroleum products; what corrosion control measures should be chosen; how to choose coatings for inner and outer surfaces of tanks containing petroleum products; and how different additives (oxygenates, aromatic solvents) to petroleum products and biofuels influence metallic and polymeric materials. The book is of interest to corrosion engineers, materials engineers, oil and gas engineers, petroleum engineers, chemists, chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, failure analysts, scientists, and students, designers of tanks, pipelines and other systems for storage and transportation fuels, technicians. The book is of interest to corrosion engineers, materials engineers, oil and gas engineers, petroleum engineers, chemists, chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, failure analysts, scientists, and students, designers of tanks, pipelines and other systems for storage and transportation fuels, technicians. The book is of interest to corrosion engineers, materials engineers, oil and gas engineers, petroleum engineers, chemists, chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, failure analysts, scientists, and students, designers of tanks, pipelines and other systems for storage and transportation fuels, technicians.
Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1464991065
Total Pages : 1589 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (649 download)
Download or read book Advances in Ethanol Research and Application: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 1589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Ethanol Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Ethanol. The editors have built Advances in Ethanol Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Ethanol in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Ethanol Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Author : NACE International
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Standard Test Method written by NACE International and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
