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Strengthening Of Existing Single Span Steel Beam And Concrete Deck Bridges
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Book Synopsis Strengthening of Existing Single Span Steel Beam and Concrete Deck Bridges by : K. F. Dunker
Download or read book Strengthening of Existing Single Span Steel Beam and Concrete Deck Bridges written by K. F. Dunker and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unifying objective of Phases I and II of this study was to determine the feasibility of the post-tensioning strengthening method and to implement the technique on two composite bridges in Iowa. Following completion of these two phases, Phase III was undertaken and is documented in this report. The basic objectives of Phase III were further monitoring bridge behavior (both during and after post-tensioning) and developing a practical design methodology for designing the strengthening system under investigation. Specific objectives were: to develop strain and force transducers to facilitate the collection of field data; to investigate further the existence and effects of the end restraint on the post-tensioning process; to determine the amount of post-tensioning force loss that occurred during the time between the initial testing and the retesting of the existing bridges; to determine the significance of any temporary temperature-induced post-tensioning force change; and to develop a simplified design methodology that would incorporate various variables such as span length, angle-of-skew, beam spacing, and concrete strength. Experimental field results obtained during Phases II and III were compared to the theoretical results and to each other. Conclusions from this research are as follows: (1) Strengthening single-span composite bridges by post-tensioning is a viable, economical strengthening technique. (2) Behavior of both bridges was similar to the behavior observed from the bridges during field tests conducted under Phase II. (3) The strain transducers were very accurate at measuring mid-span strain. (4) The force transducers gave excellent results under laboratory conditions, but were found to be less effective when used in actual bridge tests. (5) Loss of post-tensioning force due to temperature effects in any particular steel beam post-tensioning tendon system were found to be small. (6) Loss of post-tensioning force over a two-year period was minimal. (7) Significant end restraint was measured in both bridges, caused primarily by reinforcing steel being continuous from the deck into the abutments. This end restraint reduced the effectiveness of the post-tensioning but also reduced midspan strains due to truck loadings. (8) The SAP IV finite element model is capable of accurately modeling the behavior of a post-tensioned bridge, if guardrails and end restraints are included in the model. (9) Post-tensioning distribution should be separated into distributions for the axial force and moment components of an eccentric post-tensioning force. (10) Skews of 45 deg or less have a minor influence on post-tensioning distribution. (11) For typical Iowa three-beam and four-beam composite bridges, simple regression-derived formulas for force and moment fractions can be used to estimate post-tensioning distribution at midspan. At other locations, a simple linear interpolation gives approximately correct results. (12) A simple analytical model can accurately estimate the flexural strength of an isolated post-tensioned composite beam.
Book Synopsis Strengthening of an Existing Continuous-span, Steel-beam, Concrete-deck Bridge by Post-tensioning by :
Download or read book Strengthening of an Existing Continuous-span, Steel-beam, Concrete-deck Bridge by Post-tensioning written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to upgrade a large number of understrength and obsolete bridges in the U.S. has been well documented in the literature. Through several Iowa DOT projects, the concept of strengthening simple-span bridges by post-tensioning has been developed. The purpose of the project described in this report was to investigate the use of post-tensioning for strengthening continuous composite bridges. In a previous, successfully completed investigation, the feasibility of strengthening continuous, composite bridges by post-tensioning was demonstrated on a laboratory 1/3-scale-model bridge (3 spans: 41 ft 11 in. x 8 ft 8 in.). This project can thus be considered the implementation phase. The bridge selected for strengthening was in Pocahontas County near Fonda, Iowa, on County Road N28. With finite element analysis, a post-tensioning system was developed that required post-tensioning of the positive moment regions of both the interior and exterior beams. During the summer of 1988, the strengthening system was installed along with instrumentation to determine the bridge's response and behavior. Before and after post-tensioning, the bridge was subjected to truck loading (1 or 2 trucks at various predetermined critical locations) to determine the effectiveness of the strengthening system. The bridge, with the strengthening system in place, was inspected approximately every three months to determine any changes in its appearance or behavior. In 1989, approximately one year after the initial strengthening, the bridge was retested to identify any changes in its behavior. Post-tensioning forces were removed to reveal any losses over the one-year period. Post-tensioning was reapplied to the bridge, and the bridge was tested using the same loading program used in 1988. Except for at a few locations, stresses were reduced in the bridge the desired amount. At a few locations flexural stresses in the steel beams are still above 18 ksi, the allowable inventory stress for A7 steel. Although maximum stresses are above the inventory stress by about 2 ksi, they are about 5 ksi below the allowable operating stress; therefore, the bridge no longer needs to be load-posted.
Book Synopsis Bridge Engineering Handbook by : Wai-Fah Chen
Download or read book Bridge Engineering Handbook written by Wai-Fah Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-01-06 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1999: The Bridge Engineering Handbook is a unique, comprehensive, and state-of-the-art reference work and resource book covering the major areas of bridge engineering with the theme "bridge to the 21st century." This third volume includes sections covering construction and maintenance, special topics, and worldwide practice.
Book Synopsis Practical Solutions for Bridge Strengthening & Rehabilitation by :
Download or read book Practical Solutions for Bridge Strengthening & Rehabilitation written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bridge Evaluation, Repair and Rehabilitation by : A.S. Nowak
Download or read book Bridge Evaluation, Repair and Rehabilitation written by A.S. Nowak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluation, repair and rehabilitation of bridges are increasingly important topics in the effort to deal with the deteriorating infrastructure. For example, in the United States about 40 percent of the nation's 570,000 bridges are classified, according to the Federal Highway Administra tion's (FHW A) criteria, as deficient and in need of rehabilitation and replacement. In other countries the situation is similar. FHW A estimates the cost of a bridge replacement and reha bilitation program at 50 billion dollars. The major factors that have contributed to the present situation are: the age, inadequate maintenance, increasing load spectra and environmental contamination. The deficient bridges are posted, repaired or replaced. The disposition of bridges involves clear economical and safety implications. To avoid high costs of replacement or repair, the evaluation must accurately reveal the present load carrying capacity of the struc ture and predict loads and any further changes in the capacity (deterioration) in the applicable time span. Accuracy of bridge evaluation can be improved by using the recent developments in bridge diagnostics, structural tests, material tests, structural analysis and probabilistic methods. There is a need for an international exchange of advanced experience to increase the research effi ciency. The Workshop is organized on the premise that the exchange of existing American and European experience in the area of bridge evaluation, repair and rehabilitation is beneficial for both parties involved.
Book Synopsis Cost-effective Practices for Off-system and Local Interest Bridges by : F. W. Klaiber
Download or read book Cost-effective Practices for Off-system and Local Interest Bridges written by F. W. Klaiber and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2004 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 327: Cost-Effective Practices for Off-System and Local Interest Bridges examines off-system bridge design, construction, maintenance, financing, rehabilitation, and replacement. For this report, 'off-system' refers to those bridges typically owned and maintained by local agencies, and by state agencies on rural and other low-volume roads.
Download or read book Bridge Engineering written by W.F. Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-02-27 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Principles and Application in Engineering Series is a series of convenient, economical references sharply focused on particular engineering topics and subspecialties. Each volume in this series comprises chapters carefully selected from CRC's bestselling handbooks, logically organized for optimum convenience, and thoughtfully priced to fit ever
Book Synopsis Bridge Strengthening and Rehabilitation by : Petros P. Xanthakos
Download or read book Bridge Strengthening and Rehabilitation written by Petros P. Xanthakos and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1996 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive approach to the overall engineering discipline of bridge strengthening, rehabilitation and replacement. Includes extensive detail and examples of how to evaluate the condition of bridges. Provides detailed information on analyzing the cost-effectiveness and service life of proposed bridge repairs, and helps with the repair-vs.-replace decision. Offers comprehensive coverage of available methods for strengthening existing bridges. Civil engineers, transportation engineers, structural engineers and construction engineers involved in transportation structures.
Book Synopsis Alternate Methods of Bridge Strengthening by :
Download or read book Alternate Methods of Bridge Strengthening written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for upgrading a large number of understrength and obsolete bridges in the United States has been well documented in the literature. Through the performance of several Iowa DOT projects, the concept of strengthening bridges (simple and continuous spans) by post-tensioning has been developed. The purpose of this project was to investigate two additional strengthening alternatives that may be more efficient than post-tensioning in certain situations. The research program for each strengthening scheme included a literature review, laboratory testing of the strengthening scheme, and a finite-element analysis of the scheme. For clarity the two strengthening schemes are presented separately. In Part 1 of this report, the strengthening of existing steel stringers in composite steel beam concrete-deck bridges by providing partial end restraint was shown to be feasible. Part 2 of this report summarizes the research that was undertaken to strengthen the negative moment regions of continuous, composite bridges. Two schemes were investigated: post-compression of stringers and superimposed trusses within the stringers.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Post-tension Strengthened Steel Girder Bridge Using FRP Bars by : Terry J. Wipf
Download or read book Evaluation of Post-tension Strengthened Steel Girder Bridge Using FRP Bars written by Terry J. Wipf and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many state, county, and local agencies are faced with deteriorating bridge infrastructure composed of a large percentage of relatively short to medium span bridges. In many cases, these older structures are rolled or welded longitudinal steel stringers acting compositely with a reinforced concrete deck. Most of these bridges, although still in service, need some level of strengthening due to increases in legal live loads or loss of capacity due to deterioration. Although these bridges are overstressed in most instances, they do not warrant replacement; thus, structurally efficient but cost-effective means of strengthening needs to be employed. In the past, the use of bolted steel cover plates or angles was a common retrofit option for strengthening such bridges. However, the time and labor involved to attach such a strengthening system can sometimes be prohibitive. This project was funded through the Federal Highway Administration's Innovative Bridge Research and Construction program. The goal is to retrofit an existing structurally deficient, three-span continuous steel stringer bridge using an innovative technique that involves the application of post-tensioning forces; the post-tensioning forces were applied using fiber reinforced polymer post-tensioning bars. When compared to other strengthening methods, the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite materials is very appealing in that they are highly resistant to corrosion, have a low weight, and have a high tensile strength. Before the post-tensioning system was installed, a diagnostic load test was conducted on the subject bridge to establish a baseline behavior of the unstrengthened bridge. During the process of installing the post-tensioning hardware and stressing the system, both the bridge and the post-tensioning system were monitored. The installation of the hardware was followed by a follow-up diagnostic load test to assess the effectiveness of the post-tensioning strengthening system. Additional load tests were performed over a period of two years to identify any changes in the strengthening system with time. Laboratory testing of several typical carbon fiber reinforced polymer bar specimens was also conducted to more thoroughly understand their behavior. This report documents the design, installation, and field testing of the strengthening system and bridge.
Book Synopsis Strengthening Existing Non-composite Steel Bridge Girders Using Post-installed Shear Connectors by :
Download or read book Strengthening Existing Non-composite Steel Bridge Girders Using Post-installed Shear Connectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board Publisher :Transportation Research Board National Research ISBN 13 : Total Pages :148 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Bridge Design and Performance and Composite Materials by : National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
Download or read book Bridge Design and Performance and Composite Materials written by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board and published by Transportation Research Board National Research. This book was released on 1989 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Bridge Engineering Conference by :
Download or read book International Bridge Engineering Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Steel Bridge Strengthening by : Iain L. Kennedy Reid
Download or read book Steel Bridge Strengthening written by Iain L. Kennedy Reid and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 2001 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stresses imposed on UK roads by forty tonne vehicles have led to an extensive programme of bridge improvements across the country. This book draws on case studies to create an essential tool for all bridge engineers involved in strengthening steel bridges to meet these challenges.Resulting from the Highways Agency's assessment and strengthening of steel and steel/concrete composite bridges, this report disseminates the knowledge gained and ingenuity used during this work and will be an invaluable reference for future work.
Book Synopsis Fourth International Bridge Engineering Conference, San Francisco, California, August 28-30, 1995 by :
Download or read book Fourth International Bridge Engineering Conference, San Francisco, California, August 28-30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conference sessions cover: bridge management systems, bridge aesthetics, bridge performance, bridge construction, long-span bridges, bridge loads and dynamics, FRP composites and other materials, bridge rehabilitation, seismic response of bridges, bridge bearings, joints, and details, prestressed concrete bridges, bridge structural systems, bridge substructures: scour and ship impact, bridge fatigue and redundancy, and wood bridges. -- Intro., p.xi.
Book Synopsis Design of Modern Highway Bridges by : Narendra Taly
Download or read book Design of Modern Highway Bridges written by Narendra Taly and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1998 with total page 1376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides an introduction to the theory and practice of designing modern highway bridge superstructures. Beginning with the history of bridges, it describes various types of bridge superstructures, materials of construction, bridge loadings, and analysis techniques for various types.
Download or read book Transportation Research Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
