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Stratified Ekman Layer Over A Rough Surface
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Book Synopsis Stratified Ekman Layer Over a Rough Surface by : Sungwon Lee
Download or read book Stratified Ekman Layer Over a Rough Surface written by Sungwon Lee and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ekman layers over a rough surface are studied using direct numerical simulation (DNS). The roughness takes the form of periodic two-dimensional bumps whose non-dimensional amplitude is fixed at a small value (h+ = 15) and whose mean slope is gentle. The neutral Ekman layer is subjected to a stabilizing cooling flux for approximately one inertial period (2[pi]/ f) to impose the stratification. The Ekman Boundary Layer (EBL) is in a transitionally rough regime and, without stratification, the effect of roughness is found to be mild in contrast to the stratified case. Roughness, whose effect increases with the slope of the bumps, changes the boundary layer qualitatively from the very stable (Mahrt, 1998) regime, which has a strong thermal inversion and a pronounced low-level jet, in the flat case to the stable regime, which has a weaker thermal inversion and stronger surface-layer turbulence, in the rough cases. The flat case exhibits initial collapse of turbulence which eventually recovers, albeit with inertial oscillations in turbulent kinetic energy. The roughness elements interrupt the initial collapse of turbulence. In the quasi-steady state, the thickness of the turbulent stress profiles and of the near-surface region with sub-critical gradient Richardson number increase in the rough cases. Analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget shows that, in the surface layer, roughness counteracts the stability-induced reduction of TKE production. The flow component, coherent with the surface undulations, is extracted by a triple decomposition, and leads to a dispersive component of near-surface turbulent fluxes. The significance of the dispersive component increases in the stratified cases. Motivated by the dynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer, we also examines the influence of Coriolis acceleration on wall-bounded turbulence. The large-scale structures of an Ekman boundary layer are compared to those of a channel. The distribution of energy across scales is studied by looking into the spectra of the velocity fluctuations. Linear stability analysis reveals the existence of an unstable range of wavenumbers which sustain the turbulence and lead to transverse "roll" structures observed in instantaneous snapshots of the flow. Finally, additional DNS has been performed to find the effect of the roughness geometry in counteracting the buoyancy. Changing the bump height without changing its aspect ratio has little influence. However, for sufficiently large surface cooling flux, roughness is unable to maintain a turbulent state. Comparison of all the simulated cases shows that the final value of Rib is sufficient to provide guidance on the overall state of the boundary layer and its characterization into the following regimes: (i) weakly stable, (ii) very stable with turbulence collapse and rebirth to a state of global intermittency, or (iii) very stable with turbulence collapse and no recovery.
Book Synopsis IUTAM Symposium on The Physics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows on Rough Walls by : T. B. Nickels
Download or read book IUTAM Symposium on The Physics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows on Rough Walls written by T. B. Nickels and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of wall-bounded turbulent ows is of considerable interest from both scienti c and practical view points. As such it has attracted a great deal of research over the last 100 years. Much research has concentratedon ows over smooth walls since these are simpler from experimental, numerical and theoretical standpoints. The ow over rough walls has still received considerable attention but progress has necessarilybeenslower.Perhapsthemostessentialproblem(certainlyfromaprac- cal point of view) is to be able to predict the skin-frictiondrag acting on a plate (or a body) given a certain known roughness characteristic of the surface. Unfortunately this has proved to be very dif cult since even the simplest rough surfaces can be characterised by a number of different parameters and we still cannot directly c- nectthese tothe uiddynamicdragin a givensituation.Varioustheoriesandmodels have been proposed in order to make progress but there is still some disagreement in the community as to the correct understanding of these important ows.
Book Synopsis A Numerical Study of the Stratified Turbulent Ekman Layer by : Stanford University. Thermosciences Division. Thermosciences Division
Download or read book A Numerical Study of the Stratified Turbulent Ekman Layer written by Stanford University. Thermosciences Division. Thermosciences Division and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mixing and Dispersion in Flows Dominated by Rotation and Buoyancy by : Herman J.H. Clercx
Download or read book Mixing and Dispersion in Flows Dominated by Rotation and Buoyancy written by Herman J.H. Clercx and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a state-of-the-art overview of current developments in the field in a way accessible to attendees coming from a variety of fields. Relevant examples are turbulence research, (environmental) fluid mechanics, lake hydrodynamics and atmospheric physics. Topics discussed range from the fundamentals of rotating and stratified flows, mixing and transport in stratified or rotating turbulence, transport in the atmospheric boundary layer, the dynamics of gravity and turbidity currents eventually with effects of background rotation or stratification, mixing in (stratified) lakes, and the Lagrangian approach in the analysis of transport processes in geophysical and environmental flows. The topics are discussed from fundamental, experimental and numerical points of view. Some contributions cover fundamental aspects including a number of the basic dynamical properties of rotating and or stratified (turbulent) flows, the mathematical description of these flows, some applications in the natural environment, and the Lagrangian statistical analysis of turbulent transport processes and turbulent transport of material particles (including, for example, inertial and finite-size effects). Four papers are dedicated to specific topics such as transport in (stratified) lakes, transport and mixing in the atmospheric boundary layer, mixing in stratified fluids and dynamics of turbidity currents. The book is addressed to doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers, but also to academic and industrial researchers and practicing engineers, with a background in mechanical engineering, applied physics, civil engineering, applied mathematics, meteorology, physical oceanography or physical limnology.
Book Synopsis Analyses of Turbulence in the Neutrally and Stably Stratified Planetary Boundary Layer by : Cedrick Ansorge
Download or read book Analyses of Turbulence in the Neutrally and Stably Stratified Planetary Boundary Layer written by Cedrick Ansorge and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a study of strong stratification and turbulence collapse in the planetary boundary layer, opening a new avenue in this field. It is the first work to study all regimes of stratified turbulence in a unified simulation framework without a break in the paradigms for representation of turbulence. To date, advances in our understanding and the parameterization of turbulence in the stable boundary layer have been hampered by difficulties simulating the strongly stratified regime, and the analysis has primarily been based on field measurements. The content presented here changes that paradigm by demonstrating the ability of direct numerical simulation to address this problem, and by doing so to remove the uncertainty of turbulence models from the analysis. Employing a stably stratified Ekman layer as a simplified physical model of the stable boundary layer, the three stratification regimes observed in nature— weakly, intermediately and strongly stratified—are reproduced, and the data is subsequently used to answer key, long-standing questions. The main part of the book is organized in three sections, namely a comprehensive introduction, numerics, and physics. The thesis ends with a clear and concise conclusion that distills specific implications for the study of the stable boundary layer. This structure emphasizes the physical results, but at the same time gives relevance to the technical aspects of numerical schemes and post-processing tools. The selection of the relevant literature during the introduction, and its use along the work appropriately combines literature from two research communities: fluid dynamics, and boundary-layer meteorology.
Download or read book Ocean Mixing written by Michael Meredith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Mixing: Drivers, Mechanisms and Impacts presents a broad panorama of one of the most rapidly-developing areas of marine science. It highlights the state-of-the-art concerning knowledge of the causes of ocean mixing, and a perspective on the implications for ocean circulation, climate, biogeochemistry and the marine ecosystem. This edited volume places a particular emphasis on elucidating the key future questions relating to ocean mixing, and emerging ideas and activities to address them, including innovative technology developments and advances in methodology. Ocean Mixing is a key reference for those entering the field, and for those seeking a comprehensive overview of how the key current issues are being addressed and what the priorities for future research are. Each chapter is written by established leaders in ocean mixing research; the volume is thus suitable for those seeking specific detailed information on sub-topics, as well as those seeking a broad synopsis of current understanding. It provides useful ammunition for those pursuing funding for specific future research campaigns, by being an authoritative source concerning key scientific goals in the short, medium and long term. Additionally, the chapters contain bespoke and informative graphics that can be used in teaching and science communication to convey the complex concepts and phenomena in easily accessible ways. Presents a coherent overview of the state-of-the-art research concerning ocean mixing Provides an in-depth discussion of how ocean mixing impacts all scales of the planetary system Includes elucidation of the grand challenges in ocean mixing, and how they might be addressed
Book Synopsis Ocean Engineering Science by : Bernard Le Méhauté
Download or read book Ocean Engineering Science written by Bernard Le Méhauté and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2005-06-28 with total page 1340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Air-Sea Exchange: Physics, Chemistry and Dynamics by : G.L. Geernaert
Download or read book Air-Sea Exchange: Physics, Chemistry and Dynamics written by G.L. Geernaert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1980's a wealth of information was reported from field and laboratory experiments in order to validate andlor modify various aspects of the surface layer Monin-Obukhov (M-O) similarity theory for use over the sea, and to introduce and test new concepts related to high resolution flux magnitudes and variabilities. For example, data from various field experiments conducted on the North Sea, Lake Ontario, and the Atlantic experiments, among others, yielded information on the dependence of the flux coefficients on wave state. In all field projects, the usual criteria for satisfying M-O similarity were applied. The assumptions of stationarity and homogeneity was assumed to be relevant over both small and large scales. In addition, the properties of the outer layer were assumed to be "correlated" with properties of the surface layer. These assumptions generally required that data were averaged for spatial footprints representing scales greater than 25 km (or typically 30 minutes or longer for typical windspeeds). While more and more data became available over the years, and the technology applied was more reliable, robust, and durable, the flux coefficients and other turbulent parameters still exhibited significant unexplained scatter. Since the scatter did not show sufficient reduction over the years to meet customer needs, in spite of improved technology and heavy financial investments, one could only conclude that perhaps the use of similarity theory contained too many simplifications when applied to environments which were more complicated than previously thought.
Book Synopsis Advanced Ocean Modelling by : Jochen Kämpf
Download or read book Advanced Ocean Modelling written by Jochen Kämpf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-30 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on motions of incompressible ?uids of a freely moving surface being in?uenced by both the Earth’s rotation and density strati?cation. In contrast to traditional textbooks in the ?eld of geophysical ?uid dynamics, such as those by by Cushman-Roisin (1994) and Gill (1982), this book uses the method of proce- oriented hydrodynamic modelling to illustrate a rich variety of ?uid phenomena. To this end, the reader can adopt the model codes, found on the Springer server accompanying this book, to reproduce most graphs of this book and, even better, to create animation movies. The reader can also employ the codes as templates for own independent studies. This can be done by a lay person as a hobby activity, undergraduate or postgraduate students as part of their education, or professional scientists as part of research. Exercises of this book are run with open-source software that can be freely downloaded from the Internet. This includes the FORTRAN 95 compiler “G95” used for execution of model simulations, the data visualisation program “SciLab”, and “ImageMagick” for the creation of graphs and GIF animations, which can be watched with most Internet browsers.
Book Synopsis Physical Oceanography of Continental Shelves by : K.H. Brink
Download or read book Physical Oceanography of Continental Shelves written by K.H. Brink and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-09-12 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is intended as a graduate-level textbook and professional reference on the physical oceanography of the continental shelf and slope. Defined as water deeper than about three meters and shallower than a kilometer, this region of the ocean is important for a variety of scientific and practical reasons, from its high biological productivity and role in distributing outflows from the continents to its heavy usage in transportation and recreation. In recent years, research on the coastal ocean has expanded as the study of both short- and long-term anthropogenic change has become increasingly urgent. Yet there is no comprehensive treatment of the dynamics of this critical region. The book covers a range of topics involving currents and water properties, including turbulent boundary layers, wind driving, tides, buoyancy currents, waves, instabilities, and connections with the open, deep ocean. Brink's approach-informed by over a decade teaching the corresponding course in Woods Hole/MIT's joint program-centers on the dynamics of particular processes and combinations of processes, but also includes copious observational examples. Intended to be accessible to graduate students in a range of oceanographic specialties, the book assumes 2-3 years of university-level math and at least an introductory course in quantitative physical oceanography"--
Book Synopsis Conceptual Boundary Layer Meteorology by : April L. Hiscox
Download or read book Conceptual Boundary Layer Meteorology written by April L. Hiscox and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-08-27 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conceptual Boundary Layer Meteorology: The Air Near Here explains essential boundary layer concepts in a way that is accessible to a wide number of people studying and working in the environmental sciences. It begins with chapters designed to present the language of the boundary layer and the key concepts of mass, momentum exchanges, and the role of turbulence. The book then moves to focusing on specific environments, uses, and problems facing science with respect to the boundary layer. Uses authentic examples to give readers the ability to utilize real world data Covers boundary layer meteorology without requiring knowledge of advanced mathematics Provides a set of tools that can be used by the reader to better understand land-air interactions Provides specific applications for a wide spectrum of environmental systems
Book Synopsis Microwave Remote Sensing for Oceanographic and Marine Weather-Forecast Models by : Robin A. Vaughan
Download or read book Microwave Remote Sensing for Oceanographic and Marine Weather-Forecast Models written by Robin A. Vaughan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The power of microwave remote sensing for studying the oceans of the world was demonstrated conclusively by the SEASAT mission in 1978. Since then, no further satellite-flown instruments have been available to provide further data of this type. However, the proposed launch of ESA's ERS-1 satellite will lead to a new set of active microwave instruments being flown in space in 1990. Even though similar data has been obtained from aircraft-flown instruments SAR, scatterometers, altimeters etc. - a great deal of activity has been taking place to develop the necessary expertise in handling and analysing such data when it comes on-stream from ERS-1 and from subsequent satellites. It was against this background that the scientific Affairs Division of NATO again agreed to sponsor an ASI in Dundee in 1988. Its purpose was to review existing knowledge of the extraction of marine and atmospheric geophysical parameters from satellite-gathered microwave data and to enable scientists to prepare themselves and their computing systems to utilise the new data when it becomes available. The importance of the data is largely as input parameters to assist in the fitting of boundary conditions in large computer models. The course was concerned more with the non-imaging instruments, that is with passive radiometers, altimeters and scatterometers, than with the (imaging) synthetic aperture radar.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Boundary Layers by : Alexander Baklanov
Download or read book Atmospheric Boundary Layers written by Alexander Baklanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-30 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents peer-reviewed papers from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Atmospheric Boundary Layers held in April 2006. The papers are divided into thematic sessions: nature and theory of turbulent boundary layers; boundary-layer flows: modeling and applications to environmental security; nature, theory and modeling of boundary-layer flows; air flows within and above urban and other complex canopies: air-sea-ice interaction.
Book Synopsis Physical Oceanography of the Baltic Sea by : Matti Leppäranta
Download or read book Physical Oceanography of the Baltic Sea written by Matti Leppäranta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-20 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Baltic Sea oceanographic research community is wide and the research history is over 100 years old. Nevertheless, there is still no single, coherent book on the physical oceanography of the Baltic Sea as a whole. There is a strong need for such a book, coming from working oceanographers as well as the university teaching programmes in advanced undergraduate to graduate levels. In the regional conference series in physical oceanography (Baltic Sea Science Conference, Baltic Sea Oceanographers' conference, Baltex-conferences) about 500 scientists take part regularly. Even more scientists work in the fields of marine biology, chemistry and the environment, and they need information on the physics of the Baltic Sea as well. There are nine countries bordering on the Baltic Sea and five more in the runoff area. The Baltic Sea as a source of fish, means of transportation and leisure activities is highly important to the regional society. In the runoff area there are a total of 85 million people. Research and protection strategies need to be developed, as the Baltic Sea is probably the most polluted sea in the world. Since the Baltic Sea has become an inner sea of the EU (apart from small shore parts of Russia in Petersburg and Kaliningrad), it is anticipated that the importance of the region will consequently rise. The book will arouse interest among students, scientists and decision makers involved with the Baltic problems. It will also give important background information for those working with biogeochemical processes in the Baltic Sea, because the physical forcing for those processes is of vital importance.
Book Synopsis Effects of Surface Roughness on a Laboratory Produced Turbulent Ekman Layer by : G.C. Howroyd
Download or read book Effects of Surface Roughness on a Laboratory Produced Turbulent Ekman Layer written by G.C. Howroyd and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 4318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface, and are critical components of Earth’s climate system. This new edition of Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Six Volume Set summarizes the breadth of knowledge about them, providing revised, up to date entries as well coverage of new topics in the field. New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and the cryosphere, climate and climate change, hydrothermal and cold seep systems. The structure of the work provides a modern presentation of the field, reflecting the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief. In this framework maximum attention has been devoted to making this an organic and unified reference. Represents a one-stop. organic information resource on the breadth of ocean science research Reflects the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and climate change Provides scientifically reliable information at a foundational level, making this work a resource for students as well as active researches
