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Author : Lloyd Willard Jedeka
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Stratified-charge Operation of a Spark-ignition Engine written by Lloyd Willard Jedeka and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lewis D. Conta
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Stratified Charge Operation of Spark Ignition Engines written by Lewis D. Conta and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improving the Performance and Fuel Consumption of Dual Chamber Stratified Charge Spark Ignition Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the nature of the combustion processes in a dual chamber stratified charge spark ignition engine is described. This work concentrated on understanding the mixing process in the main chamber gases. A specially constructed single cylinder engine was used to both conduct experiments to study mixing effects and to obtain experimental data for the validation of the computer model which was constructed in the theoretical portion of the study. The test procedures are described. Studies were conducted on the effect of fuel injection timing on performance and emissions using the combination of orifice size and prechamber to main chamber flow rate ratio which gave the best overall compromise between emissions and performance. In general, fuel injection gave slightly higher oxides of nitrogen, but considerably lower hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions than the carbureted form of the engine. Experiments with engine intake port redesign to promote swirl mixing indicated a substantial increase in the power output from the engine and, that an equivalent power levels, the nitric oxide emissions are approximately 30% lower with swirl in the main chamber than without swirl. The development of a computer simulation of the combustion process showed that a one-dimensional combustion model can be used to accurately predict trends in engine operation conditions and nitric oxide emissions even though the actual flame in the engine is not completely one-dimensional, and that a simple model for mixing of the main chamber and prechamber intake gases at the start of compression proved adequate to explain the effects of swirl, ignition timing, overall fuel air ratio, volumetric efficiency, and variations in prechamber air fuel ratio and fuel rate percentage on engine power and nitric oxide emissions. (LCL).
Author : P.M. Weaving
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400907494
Total Pages : 874 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Internal Combustion Engineering: Science & Technology written by P.M. Weaving and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sir Diarmuid Downs, CBE, FEng, FRS Engineering is about designing and making marketable artefacts. The element of design is what principally distinguishes engineering from science. The engineer is a creator. He brings together knowledge and experience from a variety of sources to serve his ends, producing goods of value to the individual and to the community. An important source of information on which the engineer draws is the work of the scientist or the scientifically minded engineer. The pure scientist is concerned with knowledge for its own sake and receives his greatest satisfaction if his experimental observations fit into an aesthetically satisfying theory. The applied scientist or engineer is also concerned with theory, but as a means to an end. He tries to devise a theory which will encompass the known experimental facts, both because an all embracing theory somehow serves as an extra validation of the facts and because the theory provides us with new leads to further fruitful experimental investigation. I have laboured these perhaps rather obvious points because they are well exemplified in this present book. The first internal combustion engines, produced just over one hundred years ago, were very simple, the design being based on very limited experimental information. The current engines are extremely complex and, while the basic design of cylinder, piston, connecting rod and crankshaft has changed but little, the overall performance in respect of specific power, fuel economy, pollution, noise and cost has been absolutely transformed.
Author : Helmut Edward Fandrich
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book A Stratified Charge Two-stroke Spark Ignition Engine (Ram Straticharge, Vee-4, 108.6 In3 Disp.) Performance Characteristics written by Helmut Edward Fandrich and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The RAM vee-4, two-stroke stratified charge engine is a spark-ignition, blown, pressure lubricated, port valve engine with a cam actuated auxiliary air inlet poppet valve. It is designed to operate with lean air-fuel ratios, like a compression-ignition engine, but with a low compression ration and spark ignition. No carburetor is employed. Either timed or continuous manifold fuel injection upstream from the auxiliary valve may be used. The tests reported here are for continuous injection. Valve timing had the most pronounced effect on hydrocarbon emissions, followed by auxiliary-air pressure. Spark timing, oil temperature and jacket water temperature also influenced the emissions but to a lesser extent. These adjustments also affected the specific fuel consumption. Generally an adjustment which reduced the air-fuel ratio also reduced the hydrocarbons. The current data suggest that timed fuel injection in place of continuous injection may result in a further significant reduction of hydrocarbons in the exhaust. (Author).
Author : F. Zhao
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008055279X
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Automotive Spark-Ignited Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines written by F. Zhao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-02-08 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of fuel injection, spray atomization and vaporization, charge cooling, mixture preparation and the control of in-cylinder air motion are all being actively researched and this work is reviewed in detail and analyzed. The new technologies such as high-pressure, common-rail, gasoline injection systems and swirl-atomizing gasoline fuel injections are discussed in detail, as these technologies, along with computer control capabilities, have enabled the current new examination of an old objective; the direct-injection, stratified-charge (DISC), gasoline engine. The prior work on DISC engines that is relevant to current GDI engine development is also reviewed and discussed. The fuel economy and emission data for actual engine configurations have been obtained and assembled for all of the available GDI literature, and are reviewed and discussed in detail. The types of GDI engines are arranged in four classifications of decreasing complexity, and the advantages and disadvantages of each class are noted and explained. Emphasis is placed upon consensus trends and conclusions that are evident when taken as a whole; thus the GDI researcher is informed regarding the degree to which engine volumetric efficiency and compression ratio can be increased under optimized conditions, and as to the extent to which unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), NOx and particulate emissions can be minimized for specific combustion strategies. The critical area of GDI fuel injector deposits and the associated effect on spray geometry and engine performance degradation are reviewed, and important system guidelines for minimizing deposition rates and deposit effects are presented. The capabilities and limitations of emission control techniques and after treatment hardware are reviewed in depth, and a compilation and discussion of areas of consensus on attaining European, Japanese and North American emission standards presented. All known research, prototype and production GDI engines worldwide are reviewed as to performance, emissions and fuel economy advantages, and for areas requiring further development. The engine schematics, control diagrams and specifications are compiled, and the emission control strategies are illustrated and discussed. The influence of lean-NOx catalysts on the development of late-injection, stratified-charge GDI engines is reviewed, and the relative merits of lean-burn, homogeneous, direct-injection engines as an option requiring less control complexity are analyzed.
Author : Library of Congress. Environmental Policy Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book History and Future of Spark Ignition Engines written by Library of Congress. Environmental Policy Division and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309216389
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
Author : Naci Seyhan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (178 download)
Download or read book An Analysis of the Performance of the Broderson Stratified Charge Spark Ignition Engine Operated with Propane written by Naci Seyhan and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : F. V. Bracco
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Stratified Charge Engines written by F. V. Bracco and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rowland S. Benson
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483140024
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Internal Combustion Engines written by Rowland S. Benson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal Combustion of Engines: A Detailed Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Spark and Compression Ignition Engines, Their Design and Development focuses on the design, development, and operations of spark and compression ignition engines. The book first describes internal combustion engines, including rotary, compression, and indirect or spark ignition engines. The publication then discusses basic thermodynamics and gas dynamics. Topics include first and second laws of thermodynamics; internal energy and enthalpy diagrams; gas mixtures and homocentric flow; and state equation. The text takes a look at air standard cycle and combustion in spark and compression ignition engines. Air standard cycle efficiencies; models for compression ignition combustion calculations; chemical thermodynamic models for normal combustion; and combustion-generated emissions are underscored. The publication also considers heat transfer in engines, including heat transfer in internal combustion and instantaneous heat transfer calculations. The book is a dependable reference for readers interested in spark and compression ignition engines.
Author : Library of Congress. Environmental Policy Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)
Download or read book History and Future of Spark Ignition Engines written by Library of Congress. Environmental Policy Division and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard E. Turner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (179 download)
Download or read book Performance Characteristics of the Broderson Stratified Charge Spark Ignition Engine with Gaseous Fuel Injection written by Richard E. Turner and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combustion Simulation of a Dual Chamber Stratified Charge Spark Ignition Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book History and Futureof Spark Ignition Engines, a Report Prepared for the Committee on Public Works..., by the Environmental Policy Division of the Congressional Research Service ..., at the Request of Senator Edmund S. Muskie. September 1973 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Samuel Kazmouz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Large-Eddy Simulations of Motored Flow and Combustion in a Stratified-Charge Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine written by Samuel Kazmouz and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stratified-charge, spray-guided, spark-ignition, direct-injection operation offers efficiency improvements to conventional engines used in light-duty vehicles. However, cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) impedes extracting the full efficiency potential of such advanced engine operation modes. In this dissertation, multi-cycle motored and fired large-eddy simulation (LES) results of an optically-accessible single-cylinder four-valve direct-injection spark- ignition engine, called G4VDI, are presented and compared to experimental results. The main objective is to investigate the root causes of CCV in stratified-charge engines. For motored operation, four sets of 60 consecutive LES cycles, with different operating conditions, are compared with experiments. LES is able to capture the wave dynamics of the ports and the in-cylinder pressure with a difference of 0.12%-2.5%, compared to experimental results. The LES velocity fields are compared with particle-image velocimetry measurements at six cutting planes. Based on the local and volume-averaged structure and magnitude indexes, it is found that LES is able to reproduce key flow events and capture large-scale in-cylinder flow structures, especially in high tumble/swirl conditions. Using proper orthogonal decomposition, LES shows that high tumble/swirl conditions produce low CCV flow fields. CCV of in-cylinder pressure ranged between 0.13% and 0.23%. For fired operation, and using the thickened flame model (TFM), 20 consecutive LES cycles of a homogeneous-charge engine operation mode are presented followed by spray-characterization in four different ambient conditions. These results lay the foundation for two stratified-charge engine operation modes, in which 20 and 35 consecutive LES cycles are compared with experiments, respectively. TFM-LES is extended for partially premixed flames and is able to reproduce experimental in-cylinder pressure (0.5%-10%), cyclic variability (20.5%-22.7%) in global and local quantities, local fuel vapor distributions, and heat release curves for homogeneous and stratified burn. Tuning TFM to reduce the burn rate increases the tendency to produce misfires, as well as the levels of CCV. Correlation analysis done on the stratified-charge LES results suggests that the influence of the early burn on the subsequent flame development is more subtle for stratified combustion compared to homogeneous combustion, that is the local conditions at the spark plug when the flame starts propagating are more influential than the conditions at spark timing, and that the injection event creates velocity conditions which might be favorable or unfavorable for the combustion event. The main contributions of this dissertation are extending TFM to highly stratified spray combustion, showing that LES can reproduce experimentally measured flow and combustion behavior in a realistic engine, including CCV, and analyzing LES to provide new insight into CCV and misfires of stratified-charge engines.
Author : Donald Charles Fischer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (178 download)
Download or read book Further Investigations of the Broderson Stratified Charge Spark Ignition Engine Using Gaseous Fuel written by Donald Charles Fischer and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
