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Statistics And Pattern Recognition Applied To The Spatio Temporal Properties Of Seismicity
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Book Synopsis Statistics and Pattern Recognition Applied to the Spatio-Temporal Properties of Seismicity by : Stefania Gentili
Download or read book Statistics and Pattern Recognition Applied to the Spatio-Temporal Properties of Seismicity written by Stefania Gentili and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-06-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the significant increase in the availability of new data in recent years, as a result of the expansion of available seismic stations, laboratory experiments, and the availability of increasingly reliable synthetic catalogs, considerable progress has been made in understanding the spatiotemporal properties of earthquakes. The study of the preparatory phase of earthquakes and the analysis of past seismicity has led to the formulation of seismicity models for the forecasting of future earthquakes or to the development of seismic hazard maps. The results are tested and validated by increasingly accurate statistical methods. A relevant part of the development of many models is the correct identification of seismicity clusters and scaling laws of background seismicity. In this collection, we present eight innovative papers that address all the above topics. The occurrence of strong earthquakes (mainshocks) is analyzed from different perspectives in this Special Issue.
Book Synopsis Seismicity Patterns, Their Statistical Significance and Physical Meaning by : Max Wyss
Download or read book Seismicity Patterns, Their Statistical Significance and Physical Meaning written by Max Wyss and published by . This book was released on 1999-08-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains twenty-five research papers on seismicity patterns, their interpretation and their possible relevance to learning how to predict earthquakes. The interpretation of seismicity patterns has become somewhat controversial. Some researchers present case histories suggesting that earthquakes may be predicted by increased seismic moment release or seismic quiescence and, in general, by understanding the processes of self-organized criticality. Others deny these hypotheses. Although the problem of recognizing foreshocks in real time remains unsolved, new properties of microearthquakes as a function of time are coming to light. Computer modeling of seismicity also is advancing in sophistication and relevance. Surprisingly, b-values seem to hold substantial information about varying local conditions of earthquake generation.
Book Synopsis Statistical Methods and Modeling of Seismogenesis by : Nikolaos Limnios
Download or read book Statistical Methods and Modeling of Seismogenesis written by Nikolaos Limnios and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of earthquakes is a multidisciplinary field, an amalgam of geodynamics, mathematics, engineering and more. The overriding commonality between them all is the presence of natural randomness. Stochastic studies (probability, stochastic processes and statistics) can be of different types, for example, the black box approach (one state), the white box approach (multi-state), the simulation of different aspects, and so on. This book has the advantage of bringing together a group of international authors, known for their earthquake-specific approaches, to cover a wide array of these myriad aspects. A variety of topics are presented, including statistical nonparametric and parametric methods, a multi-state system approach, earthquake simulators, post-seismic activity models, time series Markov models with regression, scaling properties and multifractal approaches, selfcorrecting models, the linked stress release model, Markovian arrival models, Poisson-based detection techniques, change point detection techniques on seismicity models, and, finally, semi-Markov models for earthquake forecasting.
Book Synopsis Pattern-recognition Program Modified and Applied to Southeastern United States Seismicity by : Meridee Jones-Cecil
Download or read book Pattern-recognition Program Modified and Applied to Southeastern United States Seismicity written by Meridee Jones-Cecil and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Complexity of Seismic Time Series by : Tamaz Chelidze
Download or read book Complexity of Seismic Time Series written by Tamaz Chelidze and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-21 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complexity of Seismic Time Series: Measurement and Application applies the tools of nonlinear dynamics to seismic analysis, allowing for the revelation of new details in micro-seismicity, new perspectives in seismic noise, and new tools for prediction of seismic events. The book summarizes both advances and applications in the field, thus meeting the needs of both fundamental and practical seismology. Merging the needs of the classical field and the very modern terms of complexity science, this book covers theory and its application to advanced nonlinear time series tools to investigate Earth’s vibrations, making it a valuable tool for seismologists, hazard managers and engineers. Covers the topic of Earth’s vibrations involving many different aspects of theoretical and observational seismology Identifies applications of advanced nonlinear time series tools for the characterization of these Earth’s signals Merges the needs of geophysics with the applications of complexity theory Describes different methodologies to analyze problems, not only in the context of geosciences, but also those associated with different complex systems across disciplines
Book Synopsis Statistical Seismology by : David Vere-Jones
Download or read book Statistical Seismology written by David Vere-Jones and published by Pageoph Topical Volumes. This book was released on 2005-07-19 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical Seismology aims to bridge the gap between physics-based and statistics-based models. This volume provides a combination of reviews, methodological studies, and applications, which point to promising efforts in this field. The volume will be useful to students and professional researchers alike, who are interested in using stochastic modeling for probing the nature of earthquake phenomena, as well as an essential ingredient for earthquake forecasting.
Book Synopsis Complexity, Aftershock Sequences, and Uncertainty in Earthquake Statistics by : Sarah Touati
Download or read book Complexity, Aftershock Sequences, and Uncertainty in Earthquake Statistics written by Sarah Touati and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake statistics is a growing field of research with direct application to probabilistic seismic hazard evaluation. The earthquake process is a complex spatio-temporal phenomenon, and has been thought to be an example of the self-organised criticality (SOC) paradigm, in which events occur as cascades on a wide range of sizes, each determined by fine details of the rupture process. As a consequence, deterministic prediction of specific event sizes, locations, and times may well continue to remain elusive. However, probabilistic forecasting, based on statistical patterns of occurrence, is a much more realistic goal at present, and is being actively explored and tested in global initiatives. This thesis focuses on the temporal statistics of earthquake populations, exploring the uncertainties in various commonly-used procedures for characterising seismicity and explaining the origins of these uncertainties. Unlike many other SOC systems, earthquakes cluster in time and space through aftershock triggering. A key point in the thesis is to show that the earthquake inter-event time distribution is fundamentally bimodal: it is a superposition of a gamma component from correlated (co-triggered) events and an exponential component from independent events. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes at Italian and Hawaiian volcanoes exhibit a similar bimodality, which in this case, may arise as the sum of contributions from accelerating and decelerating rates of events preceding and succeeding volcanic activity. Many authors, motivated by universality in the scaling laws of critical point systems, have sought to demonstrate a universal data collapse in the form of a gamma distribution, but I show how this gamma form is instead an emergent property of the crossover between the two components. The relative size of these two components depends on how the data is selected, so there is no universal form. The mean earthquake rate--or, equivalently, inter-event time--for a given region takes time to converge to an accurate value, and it is important to characterise this sampling uncertainty. As a result of temporal clustering and non-independence of events, the convergence is found to be much slower than the Gaussian rate of the central limit theorem. The rate of this convergence varies systematically with the spatial extent of the region under consideration: the larger the region, the closer to Gaussian convergence. This can be understood in terms of the increasing independence of the inter-event times with increasing region size as aftershock sequences overlap in time to a greater extent. On the other hand, within this high-overlap regime, a maximum likelihood inversion of parameters for an epidemic-type statistical model suffers from lower accuracy and a systematic bias; specifically, the background rate is overestimated. This is because the effect of temporal overlapping is to mask the correlations and make the time series look more like a Poisson process of independent events. This is an important result with practical relevance to studies using inversions, for example, to infer temporal variations in background rate for time-dependent hazard estimation.
Book Synopsis Seismicity Patterns, Their Statistical Significance and Physical Meaning by :
Download or read book Seismicity Patterns, Their Statistical Significance and Physical Meaning written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatiotemporal Models of Seismicity and Earthquake Occurrence by : Paul W. Burton
Download or read book Spatiotemporal Models of Seismicity and Earthquake Occurrence written by Paul W. Burton and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatiotemporal Models of Seismicity and Earthquake Occurence by : P. W. Burton
Download or read book Spatiotemporal Models of Seismicity and Earthquake Occurence written by P. W. Burton and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improving Uncertainty Quantification and Visualization for Spatiotemporal Earthquake Rate Models for the Pacific Northwest by : Max Schneider
Download or read book Improving Uncertainty Quantification and Visualization for Spatiotemporal Earthquake Rate Models for the Pacific Northwest written by Max Schneider and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pacific Northwest (PNW) has substantial earthquake risk, both due to the offshore Cascadia megathrust fault but also other fault systems that produce earthquakes under the region's population centers. Forecasts of aftershocks following large earthquakes are thus highly desirable and require statistical models of a catalog of the PNW’s past earthquakes and aftershock sequences. This is complicated by the fact that the PNW contains multiple tectonic regimes hypothesized to have different aftershock dynamics as well as two types of earthquake clustering (aftershock sequences and swarms). The Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model is a top-performing spatiotemporal point process model which describes the dynamics of earthquakes and aftershocks in a seismic region using a set of parameters. Typically, maximum likelihood estimation is used to fit ETAS to an earthquake catalog; however, the ETAS likelihood suffers from flatness near its optima, parameter correlation and numerical instability, making likelihood-based estimates less reliable. We present a Bayesian procedure for ETAS estimation, such that parameter estimates and uncertainty can be robustly quantified, even for small and complex catalogs like the PNW. The procedure is conditional on knowing which earthquakes triggered which aftershocks; this latent structure and the ETAS parameters are estimated iteratively. The procedure uses a Gibbs sampler to conditionally estimate the posterior distributions of each part of the model. We simulate several synthetic catalogs and test the modelling procedure, showing well-mixed posterior distributions centered on true parameter values. We also use the procedure to model the continental PNW, using a new catalog formed by algorthmically combining US and Canadian data sources and then, identifying and removing earthquake swarms. While MLEs are unstable and depend on both the optimization procedure and its initial values, Bayesian estimates are insensitive to these choices. Bayesian estimates also fit the catalog better than do MLEs. We use the Bayesian method to quantify the uncertainty in ETAS estimates when including swarms in the model or modelling across different tectonic regimes, as well as from catalog measurement error. Seismicity rate estimates and the earthquake forecasts they yield vary spatially and are usually represented as heat maps. While the visualization literature suggests that displaying forecast uncertainty improves understanding in users of forecast maps, research on uncertainty visualization (UV) is missing from earthquake science. In a pre-registered online experiment, we test the effectiveness of three UV techniques for displaying uncertainty in aftershock forecasts. Participants completed two map-reading tasks and a comparative judgment task, which demonstrated how successful a visualization was in reaching two key communication goals: indicating where many aftershocks and no aftershocks are likely (sure bets) and where the forecast is low but the uncertainty is high enough to imply potential risk (surprises). All visualizations performed equally well in the goal of communicating sure bet situations. But the visualization mapping the lower and upper bounds of an uncertainty interval was substantially better than the other map designs at communicating potential surprises. We discuss the implications of these experimental results for the communication of uncertainty in aftershock forecast maps.
Book Synopsis The Pattern Recognition Method Applied to the Forecast of Strong Earthquakes in South American Seismic Prone Areas by : Alberto Benavidez
Download or read book The Pattern Recognition Method Applied to the Forecast of Strong Earthquakes in South American Seismic Prone Areas written by Alberto Benavidez and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fractal and Chaotic Properties of Earthquakes by : Christian Goltz
Download or read book Fractal and Chaotic Properties of Earthquakes written by Christian Goltz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the application of fractal and nonlinear time-series analysis to seismicity and earthquakes within the framework of earthquake prediction research. Emphasis is on theoretical foundations as well as practical implementation and pitfalls to enable readers to conduct their own analyses. The theoretical parts include introductions to fractals and multifractals, the relation between fractal dimension and entropy, the Hurst phenomenon, basic ideas of low-dimensional chaotic dynamics and a roadmap of nonlinear time-series analysis. Practical implementation is discussed in each case and synthetic data sets are analyzed. Fractal methods are applied to landslide and seismicity patterns in space and time, nonlinear analysis is carried out for radon and strain data as well as earthquake intervals. Due to the comprehensive coverage of theoretical background and step-by-step applications, readers of all levels will benefit from this book.
Book Synopsis Spatio-temporal Modelling of Seismic Data by : Raed Ahmad Tawfeq Said
Download or read book Spatio-temporal Modelling of Seismic Data written by Raed Ahmad Tawfeq Said and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatiotemporal Earthquake Patterns by : Sebastian Hainzl
Download or read book Spatiotemporal Earthquake Patterns written by Sebastian Hainzl and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Changing Role of Geological Surveys by : P.R. Hill
Download or read book The Changing Role of Geological Surveys written by P.R. Hill and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Senior managers and Heads of Geological Survey Organizations (GSOs) from around the world have contributed a collection of papers to provide a benchmark on how GSOs are responding to national and international needs in a rapidly changing world. GSOs continue to provide key scientific information about Earth systems, natural hazards and climate change. As countries adopt sustainable development principles and the public increasingly turns to social media to find information about resource and environmental issues, the generation and communication of Earth science knowledge become increasingly important. This volume provides a snapshot of how GSOs are adapting their activities to this changing world. The different national perspectives presented converge around several common themes related to resources, environment and big data. Climate change and the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals provide an increased incentive for GSOs of the world to work in harmony, to generate knowledge of Earth systems and to provide solutions for sustainable management of the planet.
Book Synopsis Spatiotemporal Data Analytics and Modeling by : John A
Download or read book Spatiotemporal Data Analytics and Modeling written by John A and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
