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Statistical Studies Of Induced And Triggered Seismicity At The Geysers California
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Book Synopsis Statistical Studies of Induced and Triggered Seismicity at The Geysers, California by : Angela Hawkins
Download or read book Statistical Studies of Induced and Triggered Seismicity at The Geysers, California written by Angela Hawkins and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study considers the statistics of induced and triggered seismicity at The Geysers geothermal field, California. Little seismicity was reported before steam extraction began in 1960. In 1980 the residual water associated with power generation was re-injected, producing induced seismicity. Beginning in 1997 large-scale injections of cold water began in order to enhance the generation of steam. This led to an increase in M 1.2 earthquakes from approximately five per month to twenty. The induced seismicity satisfies Gutenberg- Richter (GR) scaling to a good approximation with b [approximately equal to] 1.3. This study demonstrates that aftershocks of the larger induced earthquakes also satisfy GR scaling as well as Omori's law for their time dependence. Statistics of triggered seismicity at The Geysers are also presented. The 8/24/14 M[subscript]w = 6.02 South Napa earthquake triggered a M [approximately equal to] 4.38 event as well as some 80 other M 1.25 events. The GR and decay statistics will be given. However, in order to separate second-order aftershocks from triggered aftershocks, an additional triggered sequence is studied. The M = 7.2 4/4/10 Baja earthquake had some 34 M >1.25 triggered events in the first hour including a M = 3.37 event.
Book Synopsis Earthquakes and Multi-hazards Around the Pacific Rim, Vol. I by : Yongxian Zhang
Download or read book Earthquakes and Multi-hazards Around the Pacific Rim, Vol. I written by Yongxian Zhang and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2017-12-20 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first of two volumes devoted to earthquakes and multi-hazards around the Pacific Rim. The circum-Pacific seismic belt is home to roughly 80% of the world’s largest earthquakes, making it the ideal location for investigating earthquakes and related hazards such as tsunamis and landslides. Gathering 16 papers that cover a range of topics related to multi-hazards, the book is divided into three sections: earthquake physics, earthquake simulation and data assimilation, and multi-hazard assessment and earthquake forecasting models. The first section includes papers on laboratory-derived rheological parameters as well as seismic studies in the Gulf of California and China. In turn, the second section includes papers on improvements in earthquake simulators as well as the statistical methods used to evaluate their performance, automated methods for determining fault slip using near-field interferometric data, variabilities in earthquake stress drops in California, and the use of social media data to supplement physical sensor data when estimating local earthquake intensity. The final section includes a paper on probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment, several papers on time-dependent seismic hazard analysis around the Pacific Rim, and a paper on induced and triggered seismicity at the Geysers geothermal field in California. Rapid advances are being made in our understanding of multi-hazards, as well as the range of tools used to investigate them. This volume provides a representative cross-section of how state-of-the-art knowledge and tools are currently being applied to multi-hazards around the Pacific Rim. The material here should be of interest to scientists involved in all areas of multi-hazards, particularly seismic and tsunami hazards. In addition, it offers a valuable resource for students in the geosciences, covering a broad spectrum of topics related to hazard research.
Book Synopsis Studies in Seismicity and Earthquake Damage Statistics, 1969 by : U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey
Download or read book Studies in Seismicity and Earthquake Damage Statistics, 1969 written by U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Cause and Mechanism for Injection-induced Seismicityat the Geysers Geothermal Field, California by :
Download or read book Analysis of Cause and Mechanism for Injection-induced Seismicityat the Geysers Geothermal Field, California written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyzed relative contributions to the cause andmechanism of injection-induced seismicity at The Geysers geothermalfield, California, using coupled thermal-hydrological-mechanicalmodeling. Our analysis shows that the most important cause forinjection-induced seismicity is injection-induced cooling and associatedthermal-elastic shrinkage that changes the stress state in such a waythat mechanical failure and seismicity can be induced. Specifically, thecooling shrinkage results in unloading and associated loss of shearstrength in critically shear-stressed fractures, which are thenreactivated. Thus, our analysis shows that cooling-induced shear slipalong fractures is the dominant mechanism of injection-induced seismicityat The Geysers.
Book Synopsis Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies by : National Research Council
Download or read book Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-08-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past several years, some energy technologies that inject or extract fluid from the Earth, such as oil and gas development and geothermal energy development, have been found or suspected to cause seismic events, drawing heightened public attention. Although only a very small fraction of injection and extraction activities among the hundreds of thousands of energy development sites in the United States have induced seismicity at levels noticeable to the public, understanding the potential for inducing felt seismic events and for limiting their occurrence and impacts is desirable for state and federal agencies, industry, and the public at large. To better understand, limit, and respond to induced seismic events, work is needed to build robust prediction models, to assess potential hazards, and to help relevant agencies coordinate to address them. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies identifies gaps in knowledge and research needed to advance the understanding of induced seismicity; identify gaps in induced seismic hazard assessment methodologies and the research to close those gaps; and assess options for steps toward best practices with regard to energy development and induced seismicity potential.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Injection-Induced Micro-Earthquakes in a Geothermal Steam Reservoir, The Geysers Geothermal Field, California by :
Download or read book Analysis of Injection-Induced Micro-Earthquakes in a Geothermal Steam Reservoir, The Geysers Geothermal Field, California written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study we analyze relative contributions to the cause and mechanism of injection-induced micro-earthquakes (MEQs) at The Geysers geothermal field, California. We estimated the potential for inducing seismicity by coupled thermal-hydrological-mechanical analysis of the geothermal steam production and cold water injection to calculate changes in stress (in time and space) and investigated if those changes could induce a rock mechanical failure and associated MEQs. An important aspect of the analysis is the concept of a rock mass that is critically stressed for shear failure. This means that shear stress in the region is near the rock-mass frictional strength, and therefore very small perturbations of the stress field can trigger an MEQ. Our analysis shows that the most important cause for injection-induced MEQs at The Geysers is cooling and associated thermal-elastic shrinkage of the rock around the injected fluid that changes the stress state in such a way that mechanical failure and seismicity can be induced. Specifically, the cooling shrinkage results in unloading and associated loss of shear strength in critically shear-stressed fractures, which are then reactivated. Thus, our analysis shows that cooling-induced shear slip along fractures is the dominant mechanism of injection-induced MEQs at The Geysers.
Book Synopsis Induced Seismicity. Final Report by :
Download or read book Induced Seismicity. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project has been to develop a fundamental understanding of seismicity associated with energy production. Earthquakes are known to be associated with oil, gas, and geothermal energy production. The intent is to develop physical models that predict when seismicity is likely to occur, and to determine to what extent these earthquakes can be used to infer conditions within energy reservoirs. Early work focused on earthquakes induced by oil and gas extraction. Just completed research has addressed earthquakes within geothermal fields, such as The Geysers in northern California, as well as the interactions of dilatancy, friction, and shear heating, on the generation of earthquakes. The former has involved modeling thermo- and poro-elastic effects of geothermal production and water injection. Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers are used to measure deformation associated with geothermal activity, and these measurements along with seismic data are used to test and constrain thermo-mechanical models.
Book Synopsis Maximum Magnitude and Probabilities of Induced Earthquakes in California Geothermal Fields: Applications for a Science-Based Decision Framework by : Deborah Anne Weiser
Download or read book Maximum Magnitude and Probabilities of Induced Earthquakes in California Geothermal Fields: Applications for a Science-Based Decision Framework written by Deborah Anne Weiser and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Induced seismicity is occurring at increasing rates around the country. Brodsky and Lajoie (2013) and others have recognized anthropogenic quakes at a few geothermal fields in California. I use three techniques to assess if there are induced earthquakes in California geothermal fields; there are three sites with clear induced seismicity: Brawley, The Geysers, and Salton Sea. Moderate to strong evidence is found at Casa Diablo, Coso, East Mesa, and Susanville. Little to no evidence is found for Heber and Wendel. I develop a set of tools to reduce or cope with the risk imposed by these earthquakes, and also to address uncertainties through simulations. I test if an earthquake catalog may be bounded by an upper magnitude limit. I address whether the earthquake record during pumping time is consistent with the past earthquake record, or if injection can explain all or some of the earthquakes. I also present ways to assess the probability of future earthquake occurrence based on past records. I summarize current legislation for eight states where induced earthquakes are of concern. Unlike tectonic earthquakes, the hazard from induced earthquakes has the potential to be modified. I discuss direct and indirect mitigation practices. I present a framework with scientific and communication techniques for assessing uncertainty, ultimately allowing more informed decisions to be made.
Book Synopsis Seismic Velocity Structure and Microearthquake Source Properties at The Geysers, California, Geothermal Area by : Daniel Robert O'Connell
Download or read book Seismic Velocity Structure and Microearthquake Source Properties at The Geysers, California, Geothermal Area written by Daniel Robert O'Connell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Statistical Study of Seismicity Associated with Geothermal Reservoirs by : Douglas Shawn Cavit
Download or read book Statistical Study of Seismicity Associated with Geothermal Reservoirs written by Douglas Shawn Cavit and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Statistical Study of Seismicity Associated with Geothermal Reservoirs in California by :
Download or read book Statistical Study of Seismicity Associated with Geothermal Reservoirs in California written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical methods are outlined to separate spatially, temporally, and magnitude-dependent portions of both the random and non-random components of the seismicity. The methodology employed compares the seismicity distributions with a generalized Poisson distribution. Temporally related events are identified by the distribution of the interoccurrence times. The regions studied to date include the Imperial Valley, Coso, The Geysers, Lassen, and the San Jacinto fault. The spatial characteristics of the random and clustered components of the seismicity are diffuse and appear unsuitable for defining the areal extent of the reservoir. However, from the temporal characteristics of the seismicity associated with these regions a general discriminant was constructed that combines several physical parameters for identifying the presence of a geothermal system.
Book Synopsis Seismicity Patterns, their Statistical Significance and Physical Meaning by : Max Wyss
Download or read book Seismicity Patterns, their Statistical Significance and Physical Meaning written by Max Wyss and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 204 Pure app!. geophys. , P. Reasenberg demonstrated that in Cascadia earthquakes are four times more likely to be foreshocks than in California. Many speakers emphasized the regional differences in all earthquake parameters, and it was generally understood that basic models of the earthquake occurrence must be modified for regional application. The idea that the focal mechanisms of foreshocks may differ from that of background activity was advocated by Y. Chen and identified by M. Ohtake as possibly the thus far most neglected property of foreshocks, in efforts to identify them. S. Matsumura proposed that focal mechanism patterns of small earthquakes may differ character istically near locked fault segments into which fault creep is advancing. Considerable discussion was devoted to the status of the seismic gap hypothesis because M. Wyss argued that the occurrence of the M 7. 9, 1986, Andreanof Islands earthquake was a confirmation of Reid's rebound theory of earthquakes and thus of the time predictable version of the gap hypothesis, whereas Y. Kagan believed he could negate this view by presenting a list of nine earthquake pairs with M> 7. 4, moment centroid separation of less than 100 km, and time difference less than about 60% of the time he estimated it would take plate motions to restore the slip of the first event.
Book Synopsis Karl Kiesewetter (1854-1895) Nachlass: Alchymica VI: Sextus Sapientiae. Liber verus ac genuinus - BSB Kiesewetteriana 1 d by :
Download or read book Karl Kiesewetter (1854-1895) Nachlass: Alchymica VI: Sextus Sapientiae. Liber verus ac genuinus - BSB Kiesewetteriana 1 d written by and published by . This book was released on 1777 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Earthquakes and Water by : Chi-yuen Wang
Download or read book Earthquakes and Water written by Chi-yuen Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-01-11 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the graduate course in Earthquake Hydrology at Berkeley University, this text introduces the basic materials, provides a comprehensive overview of the field to interested readers and beginning researchers, and acts as a convenient reference point.
Download or read book Treatise on Geophysics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 5604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole
Book Synopsis On the Statistics and Possible Triggering Mechanism of Earthquakes in Southern California by : Mihailo Dimitrije Trifunac
Download or read book On the Statistics and Possible Triggering Mechanism of Earthquakes in Southern California written by Mihailo Dimitrije Trifunac and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Earthquake Hazard Associated with Deep Well Injection by : Craig Nicholson
Download or read book Earthquake Hazard Associated with Deep Well Injection written by Craig Nicholson and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under certain circumstances, the increased pore pressure resulting from fluid injection, whether for waste disposal, secondary recovery, geothermal energy, or solution mining, can trigger earthquakes. This report discusses known cases of injection-induced seismicity and how and why earthquakes may be triggered, as well as conditions under which the triggering is most likely to occur. Criteria are established to assist in regulating well operations so as to minimize the seismic hazard associated with deep well fluid injection.
